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Body Regions and Cavities
and Terms of Orientation
UEQ: How is the body organized?
LEQ: How do we classify the
different regions of the body?
VOCAB: well.. Just follow along..
The 2 major Cavities: Dorsal and Ventral
cavity
1. Dorsal cavity:
• consists of 2 main cavities
(1.) Cranial cavity: within the skull. It houses the brain
(2.) Vertebral canal: contains the spinal chord
Ventral Cavity
consists of thoracic cavity, and adominopelvic cavity
Thoracic cavity:
o separated from the lower abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm (a
thin muscles)
o includes the heart and lungs
Ventral Cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity:
o Separated into 2 parts
(1.) abdominal cavity:
• includes the stomach, liver, spleen,
gallbladder, kidney, and most of the
small and large intestines.
• Extends from the diaphragm to the
top of the hip bones
(2.) pelvic cavity:
 includes the large intestine, urinary
bladder, and the internal reproductive
organs
 enclosed by the hip bones
Name:_____________
Date:____________
Label each area
correctly, hint all are
cavities accept #5 which
is a muscle that
separates the two
cavities
The Language of Anatomy
• To accurately describe body parts and position
we have to have a reference point that is
accepted universally.
• This is helpful when the coroner finds a body and must describe
the body.
• Relative Position Terminology
– Terms that describe the location of one body part with
respect to another.
Body Planes
• Body planes and sections can be used to
describe either the entire body or any part of
the body such as an organ.
• There are several ways to “cut” body…
Relative Position Terminology
Terms that describe the location of one body part with respect to another.
Sagittal plane
A lengthwise cut that
divides the body into
the left and right
portions.
Median (midline):
when the sagittal
plane pass along the
midline and divides
the body into equal
parts
The red plane is median plane
and the blue is a sagittal plane
Transverse plane
A transverse plane
(Also known as
horizontal) is a cut
that divides the
body into inferior
and superior
portions
Coronal plane
A Coronal plane
is a section that
divides the body
into anterior and
posterior
portions
Anatomical Position
•
•
•
•
Body erect
Feet slightly apart
Palms facing forward
Thumbs point away
from body
Figure 1.7a
Anterior and Posterior Positions
• Anterior –
–means towards the front
• Posterior –
–opposite view of anterior;
means toward the back
Anterior and
Posterior
view
Superior and Inferior Views
Superior –
–means the body part is above
another part or is closer to the
head.
Inferior –
–means the body part is below
another part or is closer to the
feet
Superior
and Inferior
Views
Medial and Lateral
Medial –relates to an imaginary midline dividing
the body into equal left and right halves.
Body part is medial if it is close to the
midline. (Nose is medial to the eyes)
Lateral –
–means toward the side with respect to
the imaginary midline (Ears are lateral to
the eyes)
Medial
and
Lateral
Views
Superficial and Deep
Superficial –
–situated near the surface
Deep –
–parts that are more internal
Proximal and Distal
Proximal –
– describes a body part that is closer to a
point of attachment than another body
part. (Elbow is proximal to the wrist)
(The point of attachment is shoulder)
Distal –
– opposite of proximal; particular body
part is farther from a point of attachment
than another body part. (Fingers are
distal to the wrist)
Proximal
and Distal
Views
Regions
•
Cephalic
•
Genital
•
Pettelar
•
Sternal
•
Pectoral
•
Umbilical
•
Coxal
•
Crural
•
Tarsal
•
Pedal
•
Vertebral
•
Dorsum
•
Gluteal
•
Femoral
15. Brachial
16. Cubital
17. Popliteal
18. Plantar
Front
3
5
2
4
6
5
10
9
8
7
1
Back
16
18
17
14
13
15
12
11
13
12