Download Anatomy Notes organ systemspp 12

Anatomy Notes pp 12-14,
Organ Systems.
Human organism consists of several organ systems.
Each system includes a set of interrelated organs, working together to provide a
specialized function that contributes to homeostasis.
Body Coverings
Integumentary system:
Organs:
Skin
Accessory organs-hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous
glands
Function
Protect underlying tissues, regulate body T, sensory receptors,
and synthesize certain products.
Support and Movement
Skeletal System
Organs:
bones, ligaments, cartilages
Function: framework, shields, prod. Rbc, & store inorganic salts.
Muscular System
Organs:
muscles
Funtion:
movement and support
Integration and Coordination
Nervous System:
Organs:
brain, sc, nerves, sense organs
Nerves cells w/in organs communicate with each
other and with muscles and glands using
electrochemical signals- nerve impulses.
Impulse has a short-term effect on target.
Specialized sensory receptors detect changes inside
and outside of body.
Other nerve cells rec. messages.
Other nerve cells carry impulses. From brain or sc to
muscles of glands.
For the body to act as a unit it must be integrated and coordinated.
Endocrine System:
Organs: All the glands that secrete hormones (chemical
messengers)
Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid,
adrenal glands ovaries, testes, pineal gland, and thymus
Particular hormone affects only a particular group of
cells. (Target cells).
Hormone alters metabolism of target cell. Comp to nerve
impulse, hormone effects last along time.
Transport
Cardiovascular System:
Organs:
heart, arteries, veins, capillaries and blood.
Function:
Heart: muscular pump that helps force blood thru the blood
vessels.
Blood- transports gases, nutrients, hormones and wastes.
Carries oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from the
digestive organs to all body cells.
- Also transports hormones and carries wastes from
body cells to excretory organs where the wastes
are removed from the blood and released to the
outside.
Vessels-
pipes
Lymphatic System:
Closely related to cv system
Organs:
lymphatic vessels, lymph fluids, lymph nodes,
thymus, and spleen.
Function:
transports some tissue fluids back to the
bloodstream and carries certain fatty substances away
from the digestive organs and bloodstream.
Cells of lymphatic system are called lymphocytes- defend
body against infections; remove disease causing
microorganisms and viruses from tissue fluid.
Absorption and Excretion
Organs in several systems absorb nutrients and oxygen and excrete
various wastes.
Digestive System
Organs:
mouth, tongue, teeth, pharynx, salivary glands,
esophagus, stomach, gall bladder, liver, pancreas, si, li.
Functions: break down food molecules into simpler forms that
can pass through cell membranes and be absorbed.
Material not absorbed is transported back outside
and eliminated.
Other digestive organs prod hormones and are also
part of the endocrine system.
Respiratory System
Moves air in and out and exchange gases between the blood and
air.
Oxygen-from air in lungs-into blood- carbon dioxide leaves the
blood and enters the air.
Organs: nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
Urinary system
Organs:
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
Function: Kidneys- removes waste from blood and helps maintain
the body’s water and salt concentrations. (Electrolytes).
Product-urine.
Other portions of the urinary system store urine and
transport it outside the body.
Reproduction
Process of prod offspring- progeny.
Produces whole new organism like self.
Male reproductive system- scrotum, testes, epididymides, ductus
deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, penis
and urethra,
Prod and maintain sperm cells and transfer sperm into female
reproductive tract.
Female Reproductive system:
Organs:
ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris, and vulva
Function:
Produce and maintain female sex cells (egg cells or oocytes).
Transport female sex cells w/in female reproductive
system.
Can receive sperm cells.
Supports dev of embryos, carries fetuses to term and
functions in the birth process.
Know the medical and applied science terms on pp 17-19.