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Body Structures & Functions Heart & Circulatory Chapter 13 & 14 Circulatory Outline Name: ______________________________________ Date: ______________ Class: ________________ Circulation and Blood Vessels Blood Circulation Major circulatory systems Cardiopulmonary circulation Systemic circulation Specialized circulatory systems Coronary circulation Portal circulation Fetal circulation Cardiopulmonary Circulation Deoxygenated blood from the heart flows to the lungs, where carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen Oxygenated blood then returns to the heart Review of blood flow through the heart and lungs Cardiopulmonary Circulation Systemic Circulation Circulates nutrients, oxygen, water, and secretions Carries away waste products Helps equalize body temperature Aids in protecting the body from harmful bacteria The aorta and its branches Systemic Circulation Coronary Circulation Brings oxygenated blood to the heart muscle Right and left branches of the coronary artery Body Structures & Functions Heart & Circulatory Chapter 13 & 14 Circulatory Outline Exchange of oxygen and waste occurs at capillary level Deoxygenated blood returns through the coronary veins to the coronary sinus Portal Circulation A branch of the general circulation Veins from the pancreas, stomach, small intestine, colon, and spleen empty their blood into the hepatic portal vein, which goes to the liver Portal Circulation Portal Circulation Liver ensures that the blood’s glucose concentration is kept within a relatively narrow range Fetal Circulation Occurs in the unborn baby (fetus) Fetus obtains oxygen and nutrients from the mother’s blood, not through its own lungs and digestive system The fetal blood does not mix with the mother’s blood; the exchange of gases, food, and waste occurs through the placenta Blood Vessels Arteries Capillaries Veins Arteries Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to capillaries (exception – pulmonary arteries) Layers of the walls Tunica adventitia or externa Tunica media Tunica intima Body Structures & Functions Heart & Circulatory Chapter 13 & 14 Circulatory Outline Arteries Aorta leads away from the heart and branches into smaller arteries Smaller arteries branch into arterioles Arterioles give rise to the capillaries Capillaries Smallest blood vessels Can only be seen through a microscope Connect the arterioles and venules Muscle and connective tissue disappear and they become a simple endothelial cell layer Capillaries Selective permeability Control of blood flow by precapillary sphincters Veins Carry deoxygenated blood away from the capillaries to the heart Layers of the walls Tunica externa Tunica media Tunica intima Walls much thinner than arteries Do not have to withstand as much pressure Veins Veins have valves so blood flows in one direction Toward the heart Largest vein is the vena cavae Body Structures & Functions Heart & Circulatory Chapter 13 & 14 Circulatory Outline Superior vena cavae returns blood from the upper part of the body Inferior vena cavae returns blood from the lower part of the body Venous Return Valves help keep venous blood moving Skeletal muscles contract to push venous blood along its path Venous Return Pressure changes occur when we breath, which helps bring venous blood back to the heart Stationary positioning can decrease flow back to the heart for oxygenation Blood Pressure Systolic blood pressure Diastolic blood pressure Pulse pressure Normal values Pulse Can feel pulsating beat at certain points on the body Should be the same as the heart rate Can feel the pulse on the body where the artery is near the surface of the skin and over a bone These are called pulse points Pulse Points Brachial artery Common carotid artery Femoral artery Dorsalis pedis artery Pulse Points Body Structures & Functions Heart & Circulatory Chapter 13 & 14 Circulatory Outline Popliteal artery Radial artery Temporal artery Pressure points can be used to stop bleeding distal to the pulse point Congenital Heart Defects Occur when there is a malformation of the heart during fetal development Most common symptom Cyanosis Microscopic surgery Can correct many congenital heart defects Disorders of Circulation and Blood Vessels Aneurysm Arteriosclerosis Atherosclerosis Gangrene Phlebitis or thrombophlebitis Disorders of Circulation and Blood Vessels Embolism Varicose veins Hemorrhoids Cerebral hemorrhage Peripheral vascular disease Disorders of the Blood Vessels Hypertension Normal Less than 120/80 Body Structures & Functions Heart & Circulatory Chapter 13 & 14 Circulatory Outline Pre-hypertension 120-130/80-89 Disorders of the Blood Vessels Stage I hypertension 140-159/90-99 Stage II hypertension 160 and above/100 and above Disorders of the Blood Vessels White coat hypertension Hypotension Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) Cerebral vascular accident (CVA) Hypoperfusion Inadequate flow of blood carrying oxygen to the organs and body systems Hypoperfused tissue will stop working properly Main causes of hypoperfusion