Download Study Guide Cardiovascular System Dr

Study Guide
Cardiovascular System
Dr. Yoga Sundram
Blood Vessels
Both arteries and veins have the same three layers in their walls
Tunica intima, Tunica media and Tunica externa
Arteries: More musculature, more elastic, thicker walls, smaller lumen and have no valve system
Veins:
Less musculature, less elastic, thinner walls, larger lumen and have valve system
Vaso vasorum: Blood vessels supplying the walls of large blood vessels
Systemic circulation
Delivers blood to tissues
Arteries carry oxygenated blood
Veins carry deoxygenated blood
Long circuit
Blood pumped at high pressure
Pulmonary circulation
Delivers blood to lungs
Arteries carry deoxygenated blood
Veins carry oxygenated blood
Short circuit
Blood pumped at low pressure
Coronary circulation is a part of the systemic circulation and delivers blood to the heart muscles
Order of blood vessels from and to the heart
Heart, aorta, large arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, large veins, vena cava, heart
Vital signs: Pulse, blood pressure, respiratory rate, temperature
Common locations to feel for pulse: Brachial artery (inside of elbow; ante cubital)
Common carotid artery ( neck)
Radial artery (wrist)
Posterior tibial artery (ankle)
Blood pressure:
Systolic pressure at ventricular contraction
Diastolic pressure at end of ventricular contraction
Pulse pressure = Systolic pressure – diastolic pressure
Mean Arterial Pressure = Diastolic pressure + 1/3 Pulse pressure
Blood pressure is highest at the aorta and least at right atrium
Sphygmomanometer: Instrument used for blood pressure mesurement
Circulatory shock: Blood vessels not completely filled or
Blood cannot circulate normally
This could happen when there is large scale hemorrhage ( hypovolemic shock )
Or there is extreme vasodialation ( vascular shock )
Or there is cardiac insufficiency ( cardiogenic shock )