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Overview
A departure from the norm of the 1700’s, the Election of 1800, as the first peaceful
transfer of power, marked a turning point in the beginning of the New Nation’s growth. It
changed the path of the nation in that different policies were introduced and used. With the rise
of new conflicts, different ways to cope with situations began to occur.
The first difference of the 1800s was the president, Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson was
a great politician; he was a president for the people. He came in as a strong believer in an
agrarian society, which was contrary to Adam’s belief in a strong developing nation. He
believed in a strong state government as opposed to a strong federal government. He went to
great lengths to try and dissolve the sophistication of the presidency while undermining
Congress by initiating members of the Republican party only. Although Republicans viewed
patronage as wrong, Jefferson used his power of appointment to fill almost all government
positions. Jefferson’s first term in office went so successfully that he was reelected in 1804 by a
wide margin against Charles C. Pinckney. On the other hand, Jefferson contradicted many of
his own beliefs in his term in office. One of the ways he contradicted his own beliefs was
through the Louisiana Purchase. He believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution but in
order to buy the Louisiana Territory he bent the rules. Also Jefferson believed in a smaller
nation and purchasing the territory drastically increased the size of the country. Then, Jefferson
sent the Lewis and Clark expedition to explore the West even though he was against westward
expansion. Jefferson’s term ended in 1808 when his new candidate, James Madison won
against Charles Pinckney.
As Jefferson was president, the Second Great Awakening was gaining power. It
began in early 1790s from conservative theologians and churches trying to revitalize their
organizations. In the Western front, Presbyterians were trying to get their white followers more
excited about their Church. By 1800, all the efforts to revitalize religion combined to create an
immense surge of Evangelical fever. A hug camp meeting took place in 1801 in Cane Ridge,
Kentucky and over 25,000 people attended in total. Many “camp out” events became popular
during the following years. The message was not always clear but it was obvious people
needed to readmit God back into their lives and reject skeptical rationalism that threatened the
religious beliefs. Many people were not for restoring the religious views of the past and many
did not believe in predestination anymore like their ancestors. Overall, the Second Great
Awakening was a belief in God as an active force in the world who would be attained to
anybody who did faithful and religious works full of good and piety.
James Madison, the fourth president of the United States, was known as the “Father
of the Constitution.” He was one of the first presidents to serve in the United States Congress
before coming president. He also helped supervise the Louisiana Purchase and he was a
supporter of the thoughtless Embargo Act of 1807. Once, he was president he sent the poorly
prepared United States into the War of 1812 against the powerful Great Britain.
The 1800’s was also the era of the War of 1812, which leads to peace for the United
State in the Era of Good Feelings. Settling many overseas disputes during that War of 1812,
after the closing of the war the United States entered a time of no threats and prosperity. The
War of 1812 started as a dispute overseas between Britain and France. America attempted to
stay out of the dispute, but this proved difficult. Ultimately, it was not difficult for America to join
the brewing war because Britain began arming Tecumseh and his tribe, who were attacking the
white Americans. The final straw however was when the British ship the Leopard shot at the
unarmed American ship, Chesapeake. This incident occurred because the Chesapeake did not
allow a boarding party on the ship. Then the Leopard fired and when the Chesapeake
surrendered a boarding party came on and dragged four men off the boat. The American nation
was split into two grows, the War Hawks were in support of joining the battle over seas and the
Doves were against going to war. President Madison supported America’s desire to expand
westward, with the capture of Canada from the British. Outraged by the loss of Canada the
British strike back by going to the state capital, Washington D.C., burning down the White
House. The British continued to burn down buildings until they reached Baltimore Harbors and
Fort McHenry where the Americans fought back and won. As the war drew on, America won
several battles that secured the northern border, battles such as New Orleans. After a while the
Treaty of Ghent helped to bring peace to this global conflict by official putting an end to the war.
The Treaty of Ghent made it so that the British would stop impressing upon the U.S. navy. The
Rush-Bagot Agreement in 1817 provided for mutual disarmament on the Great Lakes and
eventually the Canadian-American boundary became the longest “unguarded frontier” in the
world finally ending the tensions on the seas.
After the War of 1812 was settled the United State went into a time known as the Era
of Good Feelings. This era earned its name because of limited threat from any outside forces,
economic expansion, and white settlement increase with the creation of new states. Leading the
Americans into this time of prosperity was President James Madison, who won in the election of
1808. President Madison was the last of the Virginia Dynasty; four of the first five presidents
thus far were from Virginia. This lost its glory in the year 1819 with the of land values.
During the war and through the “Era of Good Feelings” American farmers had an
increased demand on crops due to its high demand. This increased demand on crops lead to
raised prices. Also the speculation of land values made the prices of land soar. Until 1819
people were taking out loans and credit, because the Bank of America had flimsy loan structure.
But in 1819 the Bank of the United States came under new management. As a result, the banks
began to call in its loans, tighten its grip on credit taken from the bank and foreclose mortgages.
This caused a large failure at the state bank level which created a panic within the American
community, especially among the people in the West. The Panic of 1819 was seen as a warning
of the rapid growth economically, territorial expansion as a way to destabilize the nation.
As a Supreme Court justice John Marshall was appointed in 1801. He was a very
strong personality and controlled the courts system with an iron fist. Marshall expanded the
power of the judiciary branch but severely limited the power of the legislative and executive
branches. He also increased the power of the federal government at the price of the state
government. There were many important cases in which Marshall ruled over. One case was
Fletcher vs. Peck, which held that a land grant could not be repealed even if corruption was
involved. Then, in Dartmouth College vs. Woodward, Marshall ruled that the charter was still
valid. Another case was McCulloch vs. Maryland which confirmed the “implied powers” of
congress. In Gibbons vs. Ogden the court strengthened Congress’ power to control interstate
commerce. And most notably in Marbury vs. Madison which intern created judicial review.
As the United States began to feel more confident as a country, President Monroe
passed the Monroe Doctrine. This document forbade any other countries from interfering with
the Unite States which was located on the other side of the Pacific. The U.S. wanted to prove
itself as a nation without any foreign interference. Although the U.S. felt confident and proud of
this document most other countries, such as Britain, laughed at it and referred to the U.S. as a
kid trying to ward off a bully. The other foreign countries did no take the Monroe Doctrine as
seriously as President Monroe would have liked. However, Monroe and the United States went
on with everyday life trying to cope with the depression and grow from their mistakes when
Andrew Jackson finally to presidency changing the nation once again.
Glossary
1. Aaron Burr- killed Alexander Hamilton in the duel of 1804; ran for President candidacy
with Jefferson in the Election of 1800 (intonations to become Hamilton vice-president);
greatest opponent was Alexander Hamilton
2. Adams-Onis Treaty- treaty between the United States and Spain that gave Florida to
the US and set up a boundary between Mexico (New Spain) and the US. It finally settled
a border dispute and was an American triumph.
3. Alexander Hamilton- ran for president in the Election of 1800, lost to Thomas Jefferson;
killed by Aaron Burr in a duel
4. Barbary Pirates- demand protection money from any ship passing through the
Mediterranean; Jefferson was reluctant to continue the payments, other option being that
war broke out between the United States and the Barbary States (Morocco, Algiers,
Tunis, and Tripoli)
5. Battle of New Orleans- British soldiers landed south of New Orleans preparing to go up
the Mississippi River, met by Andrew Jackson and his military; U.S. victory, secured the
northern border; several weeks before this battle a peace treaty had been signed
between America and Great Britain
6. Battle of Tippecanoe- Tenskwatawa leaves Prophetstown, Harrison sees his chance to
destroy Tenskwatawa influence; with 1,000 on November 7, 1811 Harrison and the
Indians began to fight, both sides suffered great loss, Harrison burned out the Indians;
upon Tenskwatawa return his remaining warriors began to terrorize white settlers
7. British Invasion- also known as the Burning of Washington; British were upset about
losing Canada, British went to Washington and burned down the White House, several
other building were also attacked until the British got to Baltimore Harbor and Fort
McHenry, this is when America fought back and won
8. Burr Conspiracy- New England Federalist against westward expansion (Louisiana
Purchase) because they lose their power and influence, group in Massachusetts (Essex
Junto) suggested the succession, Burr accepted Federalists offer for him to become
governor of New York; rumor spread he agreed to support Federalist succession plans
(no evidence to support the rumors)
9. Chesapeake- Leopard Incident- a British ship fired upon an American ship because it
was not allowed to board the vessel to search for deserters, once the Chesapeake
surrendered a boarding party came on and dragged four men off the boat
10. Cohens vs. Virginia- Most noted for John Marshall and the court’s decision in criminal
law matters when people claim their rights have been violated.
11. District of Columbia- national capitol in Washington. Was built to be grand and
prosperous but was not a place to live and it was much smaller than New York and other
cities at the time.
12. Doves- this was a group of people who did not want to go to war with Britain during The
War of 1812 (President James Madison and Daniel Webster)
13. Election of 1800- Thomas Jefferson vs. John Adams; called the “Revolution of 1800”,
first peaceful transfer of power
14. Embargo- government disbandment of cargo ships from coming into or leaving ports
15. “Era of Good Feelings”- occurred during Monroe's presidency; no foreign threats, time
of prosperity
16. Erie Canal- links the Hudson River with Lake Erie; completed in 1825; first successful
example of artificial waterway
17. Essex Junto- a group of extreme federalists, believed that New England had to secede
from the nation in order to survive as individuals
18. Fletcher vs. Peck- ruled that a state law was unconstitutional. Gave the Supreme Court
the right to act in matters that concern one state alone and not states versus another
state(s).
19. Gibbons vs. Ogden- landmark decision where the Supreme Court held that the power
to regulate interstate commerce was granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause of
the United States Constitution
20. Hartford Convention- New Engenders met in Hartford Connecticut to discuss their
grievances about the South and West. It reasserted the right of nullification and
proposed seven amendments to the Constitution. (Designed to protect New England)
21. Henry Clay- led the War Hawks through the War of 1812; pushed for Maine entering the
union as a free state and Missouri as a slave state
22. James Monroe- won the presidential election of 1812; his presidency became known as
the “Era of Good Feelings”; last of the “Virginia Dynasty”
23. John Adams- lost in the Election of 1800 to Thomas Jefferson; federalist
24. John C. Calhoun- secretary of War; named by Monroe after decline of Henry Clay
25. John Marshall- served as chief justice of the United States for almost 35 years,
established judicial review, he increased the power of the judicial branch and the federal
government
26. John Quincy Adams- lost presidency to James Monroe in 1812 election
27. Johnson vs. McIntosh- Said private citizens cannot buy land from Native Americans.
One of the most well-known court decisions under John Marshall
28. Judicial Review- where the supreme courts whether or not an act of the government is
constitutional or not
29. Judiciary Act of 1801- reduced the number of Supreme Court justice ships by one,
greatly increased federalist justice ships
30. Louisiana Purchase- also known as Westward Expansion; the US purchased the
territory of Louisiana for the price of $15 million, also the territory was to be accepted
into the Union with the same rights and privileges, and France was to have exclusive
commercial privileges to the port of New Orleans
31. Marbury vs. Madison- very important case in the United States history. Formed the
exercise of judicial review under Article III of the Constitution. *First time the court
invalidated the law as “unconstitutional.”
32. Marshall Court- John Marshall delivered critical opinion on several famous court cases,
all the court cases strengthen power of federal government and restrict power of state
government
33. McCulloch vs. Maryland- State of Maryland attempted to end the operation of the
Second Bank of the US by putting a tax on all notes that did not come from Maryland.
The Court in return brought up the Necessary and Proper Clause. *Constitution grants
Congress implied powers by implementing express powers.
34. Missouri Compromise- passed between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups in the
US and it mostly involved lands in the west. No slavery was allowed in the previous
Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 3630’.
35. Monroe Doctrine- began a thirty year period of freedom from serious foreign affairs
36. Napoleon - Emperor of France, led the French revolution; gave America the Louisiana
Purchase
37. Napoleonic Wars- growing dispute between Britain and France, both sides were trying
to stop each other from trading with America; part of the French Revolution;
38. National Roads- built with federal funds, helped to establish toll roads or turn pikes
39. Non-intercourse Act- reopened trade with all nations excluding Great Britain and
France; expired in 1810 and replaced with Macon’s Bill No. 2
40. Panic of 1819- first major financial crisis in the US that ended the “Era of Good
Feelings” Embargo Act and War of 1812 caused foreclosures, bank failures, and
unemployment that caused a slump in agriculture and manufacturing. Largely originated
within US economy from inflation and speculation.
41. Prophets Message- occurred among the Indians; lead by Tenskwatawa after an
awakening while recovering alcoholism (the evils of white culture), spread the superiority
of the traditional Indian culture and the sinful and corrupt influence of the white man;
spread through several tribes, united them all against the white man’s influence
42. Protective Tariff- artificially inflates prices of imports to protect domestic industries from
foreign competition (especially those nations who operate under illegal conditions and
are protected by their nation.)
43. Republican- wanted a society of sturdy independent farmers free from the city, believed
in universal education and enlightenment, wanted limited power with most authority in
the states
44. Revolution In Latin America- Latin American countries were trying to gain their
independence from the Spanish
45. Robert Fulton- perfected the steamboat, brought attention from the nation; created the
Clermont (equipped with paddle wheels and English built engine), demonstrated
practicality of steam navigation
46. Rush-Bagot Agreement-provided for mutual disarmament on the Great Lakes and
eventually the Canadian-American boundary became the longest “unguarded frontier” in
the world.
47. Samuel Chase Impeachment- realizing the threat of the Supreme court Jefferson
started to impeach justices, he started with claims that the justices were insane, but with
Chase Jefferson claimed that he was being unjust by obstructing the power of the other
branches
48. Second Great Awakening- emphasized personal salvation, emotional response to
God’s grace, individualistic faith; popular among women and blacks
49. Seminole War- (Florida Wars) three conflicts in Florida between various groups of
Native Americans, known as Seminoles, their allies, and the US army.
50. Tallmadge Amendment- prohibits the further introduction of slaves in Missouri and
provided the gradual emancipation of already existing slaves
51. Textile Industry- production of products from fibers such as cotton; American industry
increased between 1807 and 1815
52. Thomas Jefferson- Was a republican, won the election of 1800, ran against John
Adams, oversaw a remarkable expansion of the U.S., shrewd and practical politician, by
the end of term all office appointments were held by loyal republican
53. Touissant L'Ouverture- Africans in Santo Domingo revolted and created a republic of
their own, under this remarkable black leader. Napoleon sent troops and restored
French authority.
54. Treaty of Ghent- Americans gave up their demand for a British renunciation of
imprisonment and for the cession of Canada. British gave 7up in trying to have an Indian
buffer state in the Northwest. It was hastily signed on Christmas Eve 1814.
55. Urban Life- bred prosperity, increased elegance, and refinement of homes among
people living in the towns and cities
56. “Virginia Dynasty”- a long string of presidents (four of the first five) were all from
Virginia
57. War Hawks- this was a group of people who wanted to go to war with Britain during The
War of 1812 (Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun)
58. War of 1812- Started as a dispute between France and Britain, America didn’t want to
get involved; Britain wanted t stop trade between American and France, Britain began to
steal American ships and imprison American sailors, America already mad at Britain for
giving Tecumseh’s Indian tribe supplies; Americans tried to claim Canada (owned by
Britain) but failed, Britain upset about Canada goes and Burns Washington
59. William Henry Harrison- led 1,000 men in the Battle of Tippecanoe
60. XYZ Affair-Denouncing French insults and urging preparation for War, Adams turned
reports over to Congress after deleting the three names of the French agents and
naming them “X Y and Z.” US found itself in an undeclared War with France
61. Zebulon Pike- mapped out most of the southern portion of the Louisiana Purchase.
Essay #1
To what extent was the election of 1800 aptly named the “revolution of 1800”? Respond with
reference to TWO of the following areas:
 Economics
 Judiciary
 Foreign Policy
 Politics
As the U.S. approached the new century change was brewing. With the split vote for
Adams and Jefferson, the election of 1796 showed a time of change within the nation. As the
first peaceful transfer of power, the election of 1800 was correctly named the “Revolution of
1800”. Also it could be considered a revolution in regard to the change in the judicial branch, but
when it comes to political views many stayed the same.
After the election of 1800 there were little differences in the government’s policy. As a federalist
John Adam believed in a strong national government. So, when he was President Adams took
steps in making that dream a reality. Jefferson on the other hand was a republican. He believed
in strong state governments and a weak national government. Jefferson’s dream for America
was to become a nation of wealthy, independent farmers; an agrarian society. Although
Jefferson’s views of the future of America were much different from that of his predecessor
Jefferson took steps to ease the difference between the parties. This can be shown in some of
Jefferson’s actions, such as the purchase of the Louisiana territory from France. This purchase
was very contradictory of Jefferson’s beliefs of not expanding America’s territories; especially
since the Louisiana territory was the largest purchase America had ever made. Another
difference between the presidents Jefferson and Adams was the place that they lived. As
Jefferson became the first president to live in the District of Columbia. Clearly, there was little
difference between the policy of Adams and Jefferson.
As the federalists were losing power in the government they were gaining power in the
judiciary branch. As John Adams left office he appointed many new judges who were later
deemed the “midnight judges”. Among these judges was John Marshall as the new Supreme
Court justice. Another new judge was to be William Marbury but his appointment did not make it
to him before the change in office. When he did not receive his appointment Marbury decided to
sue the Madison, the current secretary of state. In the end Marshall ruled that Madison had to
deliver the appointment thus creating the power of judicial review. Marshall was the only
Supreme Court Justice to have such a profound control over the court system. As Marshall
gained power for the judicial branch he restricted the powers of the executive and legislative
branches. Marshall ruled over many cases and took a stand against the Republican’s increasing
power. This was a giant change from the past courts, who had no power what so ever.
Clearly, the election of 1800 can be considered a “revolution” in certain aspects but it cannot
be considered a true revolution in the matters of politics.
Essay #2
Historians have traditionally labeled the period after the War 1812 the “Era of Good Feelings.”
Evaluate the accuracy of this label, considering the emergence of nationalism and sectionalism.
After the United States emerged from the War of 1812, an “Era of Good Feelings” overtook
the arrogant new country. Through the presidency of James Monroe and the high speculation
prices of land, the U.S. encountered a prosperous time period in which prices soared. This
prosperous “Era of Good Feelings” lasted through the years of 1816 to 1824, but underneath
this so called happiness, problems were about to re-awake the United States back into reality.
After the War of 1812, the United States experienced a time period of nationalism and surged
happily over the victories against Britain. For a time being, there was no immediate foreign
threat plaguing the United States. Farmers experienced an increased demand for their crops
and prices began to go up. The United States also experienced an increase in land speculation
and the prices of land also began to rise, giving a boost to the economy. Although, there were
certain aspects that made America feel “good” it was just covering up a series of problems that would
become the downfall of the nation.
Unfortunately, underneath the “Era of Good Feelings” the United States was
experiencing the beginning of sectionalism. The North and South were slowly starting to split
away from each other in terms of beliefs, politics, and economics. The question of slavery
began to surface and tensions were starting to grow between the North and South. In 1920, the
slavery issue almost boiled over completely but, Henry Clay’s Missouri Compromise solved the
crisis before it became a bigger problem. His solution was simple and Missouri entered as a
slave state, Maine entered as a free state and the bottom border of Missouri be the line that
slavery could no longer pass. The issue was put off for the time being but, like many others
Jefferson saw this compromise as a “fire bell in the night”. Feelings subsided for the time they
moved on to a bigger problem. During the so called “Era of Good Feelings” the Panic of 1819
was taking place, further shaking the foundation of good feelings. During the War of 1812, the
Embargo Act began to cause foreclosures and unemployment. The United States economy
began to change when the Second Bank opened up in 1816. Land speculation also added to
the dooming depression the nation was facing. The prices of land went down and farmers’ crops
began to lose their value. This led to a spiral affect that created the worst depression the
country had ever seen. After the U.S. acquired Florida from Spain, Monroe also decided to pass
the Monroe doctrine which advised other foreign countries to stay out. This Doctrine especially
targeted other European Nations to stay out of affairs of the New World. This doctrine boldly
stated that the United States was now its own nation and this further increased the wide spread
of nationalism that was growing through the states.
During the years of 1816 to 1824, the United States faced what became known as the
“Era of Good Feelings.” James Monroe presided over the country and led them away from
foreign influence through the Monroe Doctrine. Although from the outside looking in the United
States looked strong and prosperous, there were problems lurking in the cracks. The issue of
slavery began to cause rift between the North and South causing sectionalism to become
stronger. The Missouri Compromise eased those tensions but only temporarily. The Panic of
1819 also took place due to high speculation and the Embargo Act during the war. Finally, in
1824, the “Era of Good Feelings” collapsed during the election against John Q Adams, William
Crawford, Henry Clay, and Andrew Jackson. A “corrupt bargain” took place and politics and
parties resurfaced. The good feelings ended and the United States was plunged into the
dividing issue of slavery.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The greatest significance of the Supreme Court’s decision in Marbury v. Madison was that it
A. claimed for the first time that the Supreme Court could issue directives to the president
B. claimed that the Supreme Court alone was empowered to say what the Constitution
meant
C. claimed for the first time that the Supreme Court could declare an act of Congress to
be unconstitutional
D. was openly defied by President Thomas Jefferson
E. resulted in a major realignment of the first American party system
2. The Missouri Compromise provided that Missouri be admitted as a slave state, Maine be
admitted as a free state, and
A. all of Louisiana Territory north of the northern boundary of Missouri be closed to
slavery
B. all of the Louisiana Territory north of 36 30’ be closed to slavery
C. the entire Louisiana Territory be open to slavery
D. the lands south of 36 30’ be guaranteed to slavery and the lands north of it negotiable
E. all of the Louisiana Territory north of the southern boundary of Missouri be closed to
slavery for 30 years
3. During the first two decades under the United States Constitution, the main factor that
separated Federalists from Republicans was
A. whether they accepted the Constitution or opposed it
B. whether they favored the French Revolution or opposed it
C. whether they leaned more towards states’ rights or national sovereignty
D. their personal like or dislike for the personalities of Thomas Jefferson and Alexander
Hamilton
E. whether they had been patriots or loyalists during the American War of Independence
4. The international incident known as the XYZ Affair involved
A. a French foreign minister’s demand for a bribe before he would meet with American
envoys
B. the British refusal to evacuate their forts on American Territory
C. General Andrew Jackson’s incursion into Spanish-held Florida
D. the British seizure of American crewmen from a U.S Navy warship in Chesapeake Bay
E. Aaron Burr’s secret plot to detach the western United States in order to create a new
nation of which he would be ruler
5. All of the following contributed to the coming of the War of 1812 EXCEPT
A. the Chesapeake- Leopard Incident
B. British impressment of American seamen from American ships on the high seas
C. the concerns of Western Americans that the Indian rids they suffered were being
carried out with British encouragement
D. the Congressional “War Hawks” desire to annex Canada
E. the armed confrontation between U.S. and British forces along the Maine- Canada
border
6. The Monroe Doctrine stated that the United States
A. was not concerned with the type of government other countries might have
B. was concerned only with the type of government that the countries of the Western
Hemisphere might have
C. would not tolerate any new European colonization in the New World
D. claimed the Western Hemisphere as its exclusive zone of influence
E. was prepared to drive out by force any European power that did not give up its
colonies in the Western Hemisphere
7. In 1804, Aaron Burr killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel that was fought because
A. Hamilton had formally accused Burr of treason and Burr felt he had to defend his
honor
B. Burr blamed his loss of the 1804 election for governor of New York on Hamilton’s
charges that Burr was dangerous and untrustworthy
C. Hamilton had uncovered Burr’s plan to form an independent republic compromised of
American territories west of the Appalachians
D. Burr had caught his wife in a sexual liaison with Hamilton and felt that he had to
defend his honor
E. Burr believed that Hamilton had financially destroyed him in a real estate deal in
which Burr lost nearly all of his wealth
8. The Louisiana Purchase resulted primarily from
A. efforts to prevent Spain from closing off westward expansion by the United States
B. glowing reports of the vast beauty and potential of the region as reported by Lewis
and Clark on their return from their famous exploration of the region
C. American efforts to prevent war with France over control of the Louisiana Territory
and secure American commerce rights in New Orleans and along the Mississippi River
D. Federalists desires to establish a strong confederation of antislavery states west of
the Mississippi River and further limit the power of the Southern Republicans
E. Republican desires to further dilute the Federalist power base in New England by
expanding the country and reducing Federalist influence
9. The War of 1812 had all of the following effects EXCEPT:
A. It strengthened American industrial and manufacturing production
B. It virtually destroyed the Federalist party as a credible opposition to the Republican
party
C. It restored a sense of pride in most Americans and led to a wave of nationalism
throughout the country after the conclusion of the war
D. It destroyed the power of the Indian tribes in the Northwest Territory
E. It led to an increased and more active American role in world politics
10. The Treaty of Ghent signaled the end of the
A. Revolutionary War
B. Spanish- American War
C. War of 1812
D Mexican- American War
E. quasi- war with France
11. The American system of manufacturing which emerged in the early 1800’s was successful
because of its use of
A. slave labor
B. handmade, individually crafted, high-quality items
C. the “putting out” system- distributing raw materials and collecting finished products of
distribution
D. early electric power to provide cheap energy for new factories
E. interchangeable parts to allow for mass production of high- quality items
12. The Lewis and Clark expedition occurred AFTER which of the following events?
A. the War of 1812
B. the Louisiana Purchase
C. the Embargo Act of 1807
D. the Missouri Compromise
E. the Nullification Controversy
13. In addition to the Embargo Act of 1807, a significant factor in the development of American
industry in the period 1800-1820 was?
A. the invention of the cotton gin
B. the availability of cheap immigrant labor
C. the development of railroads
D. the Louisiana Purchase
E. protective tariffs
14. In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court declared that?
A. Congress lacked the power the charter a national bank
B. a state cannot tax an agency of the federal government
C. the state of Maryland was superior to the United States
D. a college had a right to charter
15. In the Treaty of Ghent, which ended the War of 1812?
A. most Americans were satisfied
B. the Americans made substantial concessions to the British
C. the issues that had led to war were finally resolved
D. nothing was settled beyond a restoration of the prewar status quo
E. Britain agreed to end the impressment of American seamen
Answers to Multiple Choice Questions
1. C- Marbury vs. Madison asserted the Supreme Courts right to declare a congressional
act unconstitutional.
2. B- The Missouri Compromise declared that all land from the Louisiana Purchase north of
36o 30 would be banned from slavery.
3. B- In the beginning, these two opposing political groups either favored the French cause
or disagreed with aiding them in any way.
4. A- The French foreign minister Talleyrand demanded he receive a bribe before meeting
with American envoys was the international incident known as the XYZ Affair.
5. E- Along the Maine-Canada border the brief and bloodless confrontation known as
“Aroostook War” took place in 1842, 30 years after the start of the War of 1812.
6. C- The United State would not tolerate any new European Colonization in the Monroe
Doctrine.
7. B- Burr and Hamilton were never close friends, in fact, Hamilton publicly voiced his
distrust for Burr.
8. C- Land in America was new and wanted by everyone and every country. The United
States took action to preserve the land as theirs.
9. E- After the War of 1812, Americans were ready to defend THEIR land and not help out
any other country and went as far as the Monroe Doctrine.
10. C- After it was signed all prisoners were released and all lands were restored.
11. E- With textile industries and other new industries taking off, interchangeable parts were
invented to help increase production.
12. B- Louis and Clark were sent by the president to explore the land that was newly
acquired through the Louisiana Purchase.
13. E- In addition to the Embargo Act, protective tariffs were put into place to protect
American industry from foreign influence and markets.
14. B- Lewis and Clark went out to explore the land Jefferson had purchased to see its
quality.
15. D- Along with the Embargo Act, protective tariffs were put into place to protect American
industry. They decided that a state cannot tax a federal business, such as a bank. War
of 1812 was a long war that produced few positive outcomes in the end.
Multiple Choice Questions Cited
A U.S. History. 8th. Piscataway, NJ: Research & Education Association, 2009. Print.
Potatos, Hot. "The Jeffersonian Age: 1800-1824 (2)." Historyteacher.net. 1998. Web. 31 Mar. 2011.
<http://www.historyteacher.net/USProjects/USQuizzes/JeffersonAge2.htm>.