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4-2 What shapes an ecosystem?
IaN pg. 55
MAIN IDEAS
1. Biotic Factor
2. Abiotic Factor
3. Niche
4. Competitive
Exclusion Principle
5. Ecological
Succession
Objective
Identify the
interactions within
communities
explaining how
disturbances, biotic &
abiotic factors effect
an ecosystem.
Key Concepts:
1. How do abiotic & biotic factors influence an ecosystem?
2. What interactions occur within communities?
3. What is ecological succession?
I. Biotic & Abiotic Factors
A. Living = Biotic
B. Non-living = Abiotic
Create a 5 line “T” Chart in your notes. Label 1
column Biotic the other Abiotic. List at least 5
Biotic factors found in the grassland ecosystem
of Prescott Valley and 5 Abiotic Factors.
Biotic Factors Abiotic Factors
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
4.
4.
5.
5.
II. The Niche
A. Occupation of an organism
within a habitat. Including:
1.
2.
3.
Type of food it eats, Trophic Level
Physical conditions needed to survive
Reproduction methods (When, Type)
4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem?
Community Interactions
What interactions occur within
communities?
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4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem?
Community Interactions
Competition
Competition occurs when organisms of the same
or different species attempt to use an ecological
resource in the same place at the same time.
A resource is any necessity of life, such as water,
nutrients, light, food, or space.
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4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem?
Community Interactions
Direct competition in nature often results in a winner
and a loser—with the losing organism failing to
survive.
The competitive exclusion principle states that no
two species can occupy the same niche in the same
habitat at the same time.
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4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem?
Community Interactions
The distribution of these warblers avoids direct
competition, because each species feeds in a
different part of the tree.
Feeding height (m)
18
12
6
Cape May
Warbler
BayBreasted
Warbler
Yellow-Rumped Warbler
0
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4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem?
Community Interactions
Predation
An interaction in which one organism captures and
feeds on another organism is called predation.
The organism that does the killing and eating is
called the predator, and the food organism is the
prey.
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4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem?
Community Interactions
Symbiosis
Any relationship in which two species live closely
together is called symbiosis.
Symbiotic relationships include:
• mutualism
• commensalism
• parasitism
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4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem?
Community Interactions
Mutualism: both species benefit from the
relationship.
Commensalism: one member of the association
benefits and the other is neither helped nor
harmed.
Parasitism: one organism lives on or inside
another organism and harms it.
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III. Community
Interactions
Use your textbook to complete the table below in your
notes.
Interaction Type Species 1 Species 2 Description w/
(+, - or 0) (+, - or 0) Example
Competitive
Predation
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
+
+
+
+
+
0
-
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GxE1SSq
IV. Ecological Succession = Series of predictable
changes to a community over time.
A. Primary Succession = No soil exists. Bare rock.
1. Pioneer Species = 1st Species to populate a Primary
Succession area.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jZKIHe2LDP8
B. Secondary Succession = soil remains following disturbance
1. Wildfires, Clear cutting, Abandoned Farm land
• Explain what a Climax Community is?
• How is it defined?
• Is it permanent?
C. Marine Succession = soil remains
following disturbance
• Describe the 3 examples of ecological
succession in a marine system? (pgs. 9697)