Download Chinese Dynasties

Chinese Dynasties
Geography of Growth and
Decline
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AP Period I
To 600 BCE
Xia Dynasty
2070-1600 BCE
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Mythological dynasty
Written accounts from Shang tell their story
Located along Yellow River
Shang Dynasty
1523-1028 BCE
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Yellow River
Oracle Bones show first written language
Horse chariots, spoked wheel, pottery, silk
developed
Decimal system and accurate calendar
Ancestor worship
Zhou Dynasty
1027-256 BCE
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Longest lasting dynasty 900 years
Mandate of Heaven
Feudal system
Kingdoms develop that lead to fall
Confucius (551-479 BCE)
Yin and Yang, Ren and Li
Laozi founds Daoism (the way)
5 Relationships of Confucianism
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Ruler to subject
Father to son
Husband to wife
Older brother to younger brother
Friend to friend
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Period II
600 BCE to 600 CE
Qin Dynasty
221-206 BCE
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10 years long – shortest dynasty
Iron developed
First Emperor Shihuangdi
Unified kingdoms
Built Great Wall
Standardized laws, currency, weights and
measures, writing system
Harsh ruler used “Legalism”
Dynasty falls 1 year after his death
Han Dynasty
206 BCE-220 CE
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Expansion of Empire
North Vietnam, Korea and Central Asia
control
Tribute system developed
Trade along Silk Road booms
Civil Service examinations based on
Confucianism
Invention of paper, sundials, broaden use of
metals
Six Dynasties “Warring States”
220-586 CE
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Period of turmoil and
disunity.
Characteristics of the
period are:
Wars
Plague
Political instability
People begin to
question traditional
belief systems
Sui Dynasty
581-618 CE
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Buddhism popular
Confucian civil service exams
Grand Canal started
Rebellions end empire
Period III
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600 CE to 1450
Tang Dynasty
618-906 CE
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Focus on scholarship over soldiers
Known for poetry
A mini Golden Age
Expanded influence to Tibet, Manchuria,
Mongolia and Korea
Tribute system used
Confucian exams continued
Visited by Byzantines and Arabs
Rise of warlords ends dynasty
Five Dynasties Period “Warring
States”
907-960 CE
Brief and unremarkable in
terms of military
activity and economic
progress.
Two Artistic Advances:
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“white ware” porcelain
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“monumental ink
landscape”
Song Dynasty
960-1279 CE
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Copied Tang model
Developed moveable type printing
Influenced Japan and Korea through literature
Gunpowder invented
Mini industrial revolution in production of iron
Used water wheel powered furnaces
Champa rice
Population doubles
Foot binding
Neo Confucianism – borrowed Buddhist ideas of
soul and individual
Yuan Dynasty
1280 1365 CE
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Kublai Khan
Dismissed Confucian scholars
Imported Islamic administrators
Forbid marriage between Mongols and
Chinese
Banned Chinese from learning Mongol
language
Chinese not allowed to “Mongolize”
Pax Mongolia = trade increases
Paper money
Tax farming
Period 4
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1450-1750
Ming Dynasty
1368-1644 CE
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Return to Confucian principles
De-mongolization
Zheng He explored S.E. Asia, Indian Ocean to
E. Africa 100 years before Europeans.
“Single whip” system = 1 currency silver
Ming porcelain (China)
Problems – Mongols to northwest, pirates off
coast, Portuguese arriving, famine
Hired Qing Manchu soldiers to help in Korea
Period 5
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1750-1900
Qing China
1644-1912 CE
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1773 Opium War
1800 White Lotus Rebellion (Buddhists)
1850 Taiping Rebellion
1860 Self-strengthening movement
1883 Sino-French war lose Vietnam
1893 Sino Japanese war lose Korea and
Taiwan
1900 Boxer rebellion
1901 foot-binding abolished
1905 2,000 year old examination system
abolished
Period 6
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1900 to Present
Republic of China
1912-1949 CE
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1911 Democratic Revolution
Sun Yat-Sen establishes a republic
Kuomindang party (KMT)
Westernization
3 principles = nationalism, socialism,
democracy
Chiang Kai-shek 1925 military leadership after
Sun Yat-Sen dies
WWII KMT and Communists (Mao) fight
Japanese
1949 Mao and Communists defeat KMT
Modern China
1949-Present
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Mao Zedong
People’s Republic of China
1955 Great Leap Forward = agricultural
communes (failed)
1964 develop nuclear bomb
1965 Cultural Revolution = remove western
influence = forced egalitarianism, “little red
book” (failed)
1972 U.S. President Nixon visits China
1976 Mao dies
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1976 Deng Xiaoping
Restored traditional education, restructured
economy
1980 1 child per family policy
Westernization
Joint trade with foreign companies
1989 Tiananmen Square massacre
Comparison of China and USA
China: Language Map