Download Model Examination 2017 january

MODEL EXAMINATION - 2017 JANUARY
SOCIOLOGY SCORING KEY
1.
a Auguste Comte - 1
b. The Entightentment in Europe and the development of scientific attitude
and rationlism (b) Scientific theories of natural evaluation. The publication
of the book ‘Origin of species’ by charles Darwin in which he wrote about
the organic evolution The idea influenced socioligists like Herbert Spencer who
wrote about the evolution of societies. Auguste Comte, Karl Marx Herbert
Spencer and Saint Simon. The thinkers classified the societies as pre modern
and modern societies. The 18th Century Social, political intellectual and eco
nomic conditions paved the way for the development of sociology. The French
Revolution and the ideas of French Revolution such as liberty, equality, Fra
ternity also led to the development of the new science of society, sociology
(Score 5)
2. Anthropology studies simple and primitive societies human race-espicially
the origin of races, about the customs and belief of primitive societies. There
is physical and cultural and social anthropology. Both sociology and anthropol
ogy are intrested in studying about human relations. Sociology is interested
in
studying about present societies. Sociologists study about families, religions,
cultures etc. Both sciences are making use of field work for studying about
societies. Anthropologists used ethnographic research methods. Sociologists
used survey and other quantitative data depending on statistics and question
naires. There is much exchange of ideas and methods between sociology and
anthropology
3. a) Reference group - 1
b) Status Set-1
4. Primary group - small in size, intimate relationship face to face interaction
and cooperation. Personal and close relationship. Eg :- Family, village
secondary group-large in size No face to face interaction, impersonal and de
tached. Relation is formal, indirect. Secondary group members meet to
gether for a particular purpose. Their meeting is for mutual interest. Primary
group is person oriented on the otherhand secondary group is goal oriented.
Eg. Lion’s clubs, Trade unions, Professional Associations (or any relavant
examples) (Score -4)
5 a) Endogamy -1
b) Affinal Kinship-1
6. Nationalism refers to a set of symbols and beliefs that provide the sense of
being part of a single political community. So people are interested in the
citizenship or belongingness to a country Nationalism emerged with the de
velopment of modern state - (Score 4)
7. Individuals can marry again after the death of first spouse or after divorce. At
the same time they cannot have more than one spouse. Such monogamous marriage are called serial monogomy
(Score 2)
8 a Walter ong
(Score -1)
b. Cognitive aspect - How we learn to process what we hear and see and give it
some meaning. Cognitive means knowing, perceiving or conceiving an act. When
we read something we understand the meaning of these words. But in non-literate
societies information is passed from mouth to mouth. Out of 3000 languages only
78 languages have literature of its own. To day we have written or audio visual
records. But Indian classical music students are learning from the mouth of their
Gurus. Here importance is giving on keeping in memory rather than writing it
down
(score 4)
9. In cosmopolitanism other cultures are valued for their own differences. Cosmopolitanism is accommodating other cultural differences as they are. Cosmopolitanism encourages cultural exchange from other cultures (score 2)
11. Field work in sociology is done in modern societies or present societies. The
sociologist lives among community and works like an insider. The sociologist
involved himself with the community and spending most of his time with the
members though '' live in'' was not essential. William Foot Whyte, an American
sociologist did his field work with the street gang in an Italian American slum and
wrote his famous book Street Corner Society village study became very important
for sociology in India The field work method was found to be very useful and
practical for village studies (score 3)
12 a. Durkheim (Score -1)
b. Mechanical Solidarity :- Solidarity based on similarities. It is existed in simple
and pre-industrialised societies. Simple division of labour based on age and sex
No specialisation. Informal means of social control is very effective.
Organic solidarity is based on differences. Existing in industrialised modern societies complex division of labour and specialisation Increasing interdependance
Formal means of social control is very effective (score 4)
13. a Protestant Ethic and spirit of capitatism (score 1)
b. a. Domination :- Domination works through power and much of this power is
legitimate power or authority. A large part of it is codified. (Score 2)
b. Gated communities - Gated communities are the communities where affluent
sections live within the walls of safety and security and provided with ‘ gates in’
and “gates out” They enjoy all the modern facilities that the city offers - water,
electricity, police, security, enough job opportunities, educational facilities etc.
(score 2)
c National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005
(Score-1)
d. Ghettoisation
(Score -1)
14. a. Social Ecology
(Score -1)
15.
16.
17.
18
b. Engviornmental issues are affecting different social groups of a society.
The social staus and the authority are determining how a social group can
protect itself from enviornmental problem Eg:- Huge dams are constructing
across the river after evicting poor farmers. Rich people with commercial
interest are constructing water theme parks in Vidharbha and this led to
acute water shortage in that area so enviormental issues are becoming
Social issues.
(Score-2)
(C) Risk societies:- In risk societies there is the use of technologies and product
that we do not fully grasp. In risk societies resource extraction has expanded
and accelarated affecting imbalance of ecosystem’s There is a high chance of
man made disasters
(Score 2)
a) Alienation:- According to Karl marx capitalist society was undergoing the
process of alienation at various levels. There was alienation from nature
secondly human beings are alienated from each other. The workder is seperated
or alienated from the fruits of labour. They had no control over the products
they produced. Human beings are alienated from themselves. They find them
selves more free and at the same time more alienated and less in control over
their own lives
(Score 3)
b) Class
(Score -1)
Social facts are representations coming from the association of people. They
are not specific to the individual but of general in nature. Social facts could
be observed through social behaviour. Social facts are indirectly observable
through patterns of behaviour. Beliefs, feelings or collective practices are ex
amples of social facts.
(Score-3)
(i) Functioning of officials
(ii) Hierarchical ordering of positions.
(iii) Reliance on written document
(iv) Office Management
(v) Conduct in Office
(Score 5)
(i) Caste is an institution based on segmental divisions.
(ii) Caste society is based on hierarchical divisions.
(iii) Caste involved restrictions on social interaction especially connected
with food.
(iv) Differential rights and duties for different castes.
(v) Choice of occupation is also decided by caste
(vi) There is also restrictions of marriage and caste endogamy is strictly
followed (All these points with a brief explanation)
(Score 8)
Match the following (Score 5)
1.
Peter Berger
Sociologist
Spy
2.
Ingroup
Co operation
We group
3.
William Foote Whyte
Field work
Street corner society
4.
Karl Marx
Production process
Productions relation
5.
A.R. Dasai
Myth of welfare state
Welfare state