* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Upper Respiratory Tract Disorder
Toxoplasmosis wikipedia , lookup
Hookworm infection wikipedia , lookup
Traveler's diarrhea wikipedia , lookup
Orthohantavirus wikipedia , lookup
African trypanosomiasis wikipedia , lookup
Rocky Mountain spotted fever wikipedia , lookup
Chagas disease wikipedia , lookup
Anaerobic infection wikipedia , lookup
Onchocerciasis wikipedia , lookup
Clostridium difficile infection wikipedia , lookup
Sexually transmitted infection wikipedia , lookup
Herpes simplex wikipedia , lookup
Leptospirosis wikipedia , lookup
Dirofilaria immitis wikipedia , lookup
Trichinosis wikipedia , lookup
Gastroenteritis wikipedia , lookup
Neisseria meningitidis wikipedia , lookup
Sarcocystis wikipedia , lookup
West Nile fever wikipedia , lookup
Middle East respiratory syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Herpes simplex virus wikipedia , lookup
Marburg virus disease wikipedia , lookup
Henipavirus wikipedia , lookup
Hepatitis C wikipedia , lookup
Oesophagostomum wikipedia , lookup
Schistosomiasis wikipedia , lookup
Human cytomegalovirus wikipedia , lookup
Fasciolosis wikipedia , lookup
Hospital-acquired infection wikipedia , lookup
Neonatal infection wikipedia , lookup
Coccidioidomycosis wikipedia , lookup
Upper Respiratory Tract Disorder Lecture 2 4/29/2017 1 • Upper respiratory tract infection is the most common reason for absenteeism worldwide • Most of the upper respiratory tract infection is viral ( 90%) • Most of the upper respiratory tract infection are self limiting 4/29/2017 2 Rhinitis • Inflammation and irritation of the mucous membrane of the nose. • The disease can be acute or chronic , allergic or nonallergic • The most common cause is common cold • Other causes include over use of nasal decongestants, deviated septum, and hormonal changes. 4/29/2017 3 Rhinitis Management • Antihistamin such as diphenhydramin • Saline nasal spray • Ipratropium (Atrovent) inhalation 4/29/2017 4 Viral Rhinitis • The most frequent infection in the world • More than 200 viruses can cause rhinitis • The most common virus is Rhinovirus, influensa and parainfluensa • Self limiting infection caise by virus • Afebrile ( no fever), infectious, acute inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity. • Usually patient has nasal congestion. Rhinorrhea, sneezing, sorethroat and general malaise • Despite popular beliefs exposure to cold weather don’t increase the incidence or severity of the disease clinical manifestations include nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, nasal discharge, sneezing 4/29/2017 5 Viral Rhinitis • • • • • Management Increase fluid intake, bed rest Use expectorant ( helps to clear seputum ) Warm salt water gurgle Aspirin and ibuprofen 4/29/2017 6 Acute sinusitis • Infection of the mucous membrane that line the paranasal sinus. • Can be acute,subacute, chronic or allergic • During infection if the passage between the sinus and the nose is clear the infection resolve easily but if there is obstruction by tumor or septum deviation the case become complicated • Becterial infection account for 60% of the cases :Streptococcus pneumonia, Haimophilus influenzae, and streptococcus pyogenes. Are the most frequent. 4/29/2017 7 Acute sinusitis Clinical manifestations • Facial pain or pressure over the affected sinus • Nasal obstruction • Fatigue • Fever and headach • Ear pain and sense of fullness • Comnplications : if sinusitis not treated may lead to meningitis, abscess and osteomyelitis Management : antibiotisc, dacongestants, • Saline irrigation 4/29/2017 8 Acute Pharyngitis • Is sudden inflammation of pharynx • More common in Childs ate age 5-15 years old • mostly cause by viral infection such as adenovirus, influenza virus, Epstein Barr virus and herbes simplex • Bacteria is less common cause and include streptococcus, H. influenzae • Clinical manifestations: sore throat, fever, red pharynx • Management: antibiotics , aspirin, antitussive medication( relieve cough) such as codeine 4/29/2017 9 Tonsilitis and Adenoiditis • Lymphatic tissue situated in each side of oropharynx • The adenois are the tonsils of the nasopharynx • Adenoditis and tonsilitis are most commonly caused by streptococcus Clinical manifestations: fever, sore throat, snoring difficulty swallowing . • Infection may spread to the middle ear through eustachian tube and cause otitis media 4/29/2017 10 Tonsilitis and Adenoiditis Management • Increase fluid • Analgesic • Salt water regurgitation • Rest • Penicillin in case of bacterial infection 4/29/2017 11 Laryngitis • Inflammation of larynx • May be caused by bacterial or viral infection however non infectious causes are common such as abuse of voice, or exposure to dust • Clinical manifestations: • Hoarsness ( harsh voice) • Aphonia: complete loss of voice • Sever cough worsens by cold and relieved by warm climate Management • Rest the voice, antibiotics, corticosteroid 4/29/2017 12 Nursing process 4/29/2017 13