Download Muscle Vocab

Muscular System Vocabulary
1. Agonist: (Primary Movers): Muscle(s) whose contraction actually produces movement.
2. Antagonist: One or more muscles that oppose the action of another group of muscles or
the pull of gravity. Ex. The antagonist of a flexor muscle is an extensor muscle.
3. Aponeuroses: sheet like tendinous expansion, mainly serving to connect a muscle w/
the parts it moves.
4. Buccinator: Muscle found around the cheek
4. Circumduction: a combination of flexion, extension, abduction & adduction commonly
seen in ball & socket joints like the shoulder.
5. Deep Fascia: Sheet of fibrous connective tissue investing the trunk, limbs, & muscles.
6. Endomysium: A fine meshwork of loose connective tissue that surrounds each muscle
fiber.
7. Epimysium: a thicker, outer connective tissue sheath which covers the entire muscle.
8. Fasiculi: Groups of 15 – 40 fibers are bound into bundles & is covered by the
perimysium.
9. Fixators: Muscles that serve to fix or stabilize a joint to augment the effectiveness of a
primary mover (agonist).
10. Gaster: The central fleshy, or meaty contractile position of a muscle also called the
belly of a muscle.
11. Insertion: A tendonous extremityby which the muscle is attached to a bone & allows
for motion at the distal end of a bone.
12. Oblique: when the muscles fibers run oblique or slanted the name includes oblique.
13. Origin: A tendonous extremityby which the muscle is attached to a bone at the
proximal end of a bone & usually remains fixed or stationary when the muscle contracts.
14. Perimysium: a coarse fibrous connective tissue sheath that covers the fassiculi.
15. Pronation: describes the inward rotation of the supinated forearm & hand which
causes the palm of the hand to face posteriorly.
1
16. Protraction: refers to motion that moves a part forward. Reaching for an object
involves protraction of the shoulder girdle. Also known as scapular abduction.
17. Rectus: when a muscle fibers are parallel it’s name includes rectus.
18. Retraction: is the motion that returns a protracted body part to its original or usual
position . also known as scapular adduction.
19. Smooth Muscle: has no striation & is involuntary (not consciously controlled). Found
mainly in the walls of hollow visceral organs ex stomach & bladder & along a definite tract
w/in the body. Also called visceral, nonstriated or involuntary muscle.
20. Sprain: a tear in a ligament. The severity is grades as 1st, 2nd, or 3rd degree or mild,
moderate, & severe.
21. Strain: a tear in a muscle or tendon. The severity is grades as 1st, 2nd, or 3rd degree
or mild, moderate, & severe.
22. Striated Muscle: also called skeletal muscle because its fibers appear to be striped. It
is a voluntary muscle
23. Superficial Fascia: a continuous sheet of loose connective tissue lies directly under
the skin.
24. Supination: occurs at the radioulnar joint. In the anatomical position the hands &
forearms are already supinated (palms forward). Outward rotation of hand & forearm.
25. Synergists: Muscles that contract at the same time as the prime mover, assisting or
supplementing a primary mover in producing a particular movement.
26. Tendon: a strong, fibrous, extension of the muscle that connects muscles to muscles
or muscles to bone.
27. Torticollis or Wryneck: a spasm of one of the neck muscles alone or associated w/the
trapezius
28. Naming skeletal Muscles: Muscles are named on the basis of several criteria, each
focusing on a particular structural or functional characteristic: They include:
1. Direction of the Muscle Fibers:
2. Relative size of the Muscle:
3. Location of the Muscle.
4. Number of origins:
5. Location of the muscle’s origin & insertion.
6. Shape of the muscle.
2
7. Action of the muscle.
29. Types of Muscle Fiber Arrangement (6):
1) Parallel or Longitudinal fibers align along the long axis of the muscle ex. Rectus
abdominis or Sartorious
2) Radiate : fiber arrangement that converge from a broad area of origin to a narrow
insertion ex. Pectoralis major;
3) Multipennate the convergence of fibers in several muscular components ex. Deltoid
muscle;
4) Bipennate with fibers directed obliquely from both sides of a central tendon ex. Rectus
femoris; (produces strongest contractions)
5) Unipennate exhibits fibers inserting diagonally or slanted on only one side of a similar
tendon that runs the entire length of the muscle, much like the feathers in an old fashioned
plume pen ex. (produces strongest contractions)
6) Circular fibers bundles are curved to encircle an opening & are typical in sphincter
muscles such as the Orbicularis oris.
Gross Skeletal Muscles to Memorize
Frontalis:
Orbicularis Oculi:
Orbicularis Oris:
Buccinator:
Zygomaticus:
Masseter:
Temporalis:
Platysma:
Sternocleidomastoid:
Pectoralis Major:
Intercostal Muscles:
Rectus abdominis:
External oblique:
Internal oblique:
Transversus abdominis:
Trapezius:
Latissimus Dorsi:
Erector Spinae:
Deltoid:
Biceps Brachii:
Brachialis:
Brachioradialis:
Triceps Brachii:
Gluteus maximus:
Gluteus medius:
Iliopsoas:
Biceps femoris:
Semimemgbranosus:
Semitendinosus:
Sartorius:
Rectus Femoris:
Vastus Medialis:
Vastus Lateralis:
Vastus Intermedius:
Tibialis Anterior:
Extensor Digitorum Longus:
Fibularis longus:
Fibularis Brevis:
Fibularis tertius:
Gastrocnemius:
Soleus:
3
4
Muscles that move the shoulder:
Muscle
Trapezius
Origin
Occipital bone
Vertebrae (cervical &
thoracic)
Insertion
Clavicle
Scapula (spine &
acromion)
Pectoralis Minor
Ribs (2nd to 5th )
Scapula (coracoid)
Serratus Anterior
Ribs (upper 8 or 9)
Scapula (anterior
surface, vertebral
border)
Function
Raises or lowers shoulder &
shrugs them & Extends head
when occiput acts as
insertion
Pulls shoulder down &
forward
Pulls shoulder forward;
abducts & rotates it upward.
Muscles that move upper arm:
Muscle
Pectoralis Major
Latissimus Dorsi
Origin
Clavicle (medial half)
Sternum
Costal Cartilages of
true ribs
Vertebrae (spines of
lower thoracic, lumbar &
sacral)
Deltoid
Coracobrachialis
Supraspinatus
Teres Major
Teres Minor
Infraspinatus
Ilium (crest)
Lumbodorsal fascia
Clavicle
Scapula(spine & acromion
Scapula (coracoid
process)
Scapula (supraspinous
Insertion
Humerus (greater
tubercle)
Function
Flexes & adducts humerus
Humerus
(intertubercular
groove)
Extends upper arm, adducts
upper arm posteriorly
Humerus (deltoid
tuberosity)
3rd, medial surface)
Abducts upper arm; Assists in
flexion & extension of upper
arm
Adduction; Assists in flexion &
medial rotation of arm.
Humerus (greater
Assists in abducting arm
Humerus (middle
fossa)
tubercle)
Scapula (lower part,
Humerus (upper
axillary border)
part, anterior surface)
Scapula (axillary
border)
Scapula (infraspinatus
Humerus (greater
tubercle)
border)
Humerus (greater
tubercle)
Assists in extension,
adduction, & medial rotation
of arm.
Rotates arm outward
Rotates arm outward
5
Muscles that move the lower arm:
Muscle
Biceps Brachii
Origin
Scapula (supraglenoid
tuberosity)
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Scapula (coracoid)
Humerus (distal ½ ,
Flexes elbow
Humerus (above lateral
Radius (styloid
process)
Scapula (infraglenoid
Proximal Humeral head
Humerus (medial
epicondyle)
Supinator
Ulna (front of coronoid
process
tubrerosity)
Pronator Teres
Function
Flexes elbow &
Supinates forearm &
hand
anterior surface)
epicondyle)
Triceps Brachii
Insertion
Radius (tubercle at
proximal end)
Ulna (coronoid process)
Humerus (lateral
Supinates forearm &
hand:Flexes semipronated
or semisupinated forearm
Ulna (olecranon
process)
Extends lower arm.
(elbow)
Radius (middle 3rd of
lateral surface)
Pronates & flexes
forearm
Raduis (proximal 3rd )
Supinates forearm
epicondyle)
Ulna (proximal 5th )
Muscles that move the Hand:
Muscle
Flexor Carpi
Radialis
Flexor Carpi
Ulnaris
Flexor digitorum
superficialis
Extensor Carpi
Radialis Longus
Origin
Humerus (medial
Insertion
2nd & 3rd Metacarpal
epicondyle)
Humerus (medial
epicondyle)
Ulna (posterior)
Distal Humerus,
ulna & radius
Humerus
Pisiform bone
3rd ,4th & 5th
Metacarpal
Middle phalanges of
2nd – 5th metacarpal
2nd & 3rd Metacarpal
(base of)
Function
Flexes wrist & forearm
Abducts hand
Adducts hand
Flexes wrist
Flexes wrist & fingers
Extends wrist; Abducts
hand (moves toward thumb
side when hand supinated)
Extensor
Digitorum
Extensor Carpi
Ulnaris
Distal Humerus
Humerus (lateral
epicondyle)
Ulna (proximal ¾ )
Distal phalanges of 2nd
to 5th fingers
5th Metacarpal
(base of)
Extends fingers & wrist
Extends hand;
Adducts hand (move toward
little finger side when hand
supinated)
6
Muscles that move the thigh:
Muscle
Iliopsoas (iliacus
& psoas major)
Origin
Ilium (iliac fossa)
Vertebrae (bodies of 12th
Insertion
Femur (small
trochanter)
Ilium (anterior, inferior spine)
Tibia (by way of
Ilium (crest & posterior
Femur (proximal)
Iliotibial tract
Function
Flexes hip;
Flexes trunk (when
femur acts as origin)
thoracic to 5th lumbar)
Rectus Femoris
Gluteus Maximus
surface)
Gleuteus Medius
Sacrum & Coccyx
Sacrotuberous ligament
Ilium (lateral surface)
Gleuteus Minimus Ilium (lateral surface)
Tensor Fasciae
Lata:
Piriformis
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Longus
Adductor Magnus
Gracilis:
Ilium (anterior part of crest)
Vertebrae (front of
sacrum)
Pubic
Pubic
Pubic
Pubic
bone
bone
bone
bone (just below
symphysis)
patellar tendon)
Femur (greater
trochanter)
Femur (greater
trochanter)
Tibia (by way of
Iliotibial tract)
Femur (medial aspect
of greater trochanter)
Proximal Femur
Proximal Femur
Proximal Femur
Tibia (medial surface
behind sartorius)
Flexes hip;
Extends lower leg
Extends thigh – rotates
outward
Abducts thigh – rotates
outward; Stabilizes
pelvis of femur.
Abducts thigh;
stabilizes pelvis on
femur; Rotates thigh
medially.
Abducts thigh;
Tightens iliotibial tract
Rotates thigh outward;
Abducts thigh; Extends
thigh.
Adducts thigh
Adducts thigh
Adducts thigh
Adducts thigh & Flexes
knee
Muscles of the pelvic floor:
Muscle
Levator Ani
Origin
Pubis (posterior
surface)
Ischium (spine)
Insertion
Coccyx
Function
Coccygeus (posterior
Ischium (spine)
Coccyx
Sacrum
Same as levator ani
continuation of levator ani)
Together form floor of pelvic cavity;
support pelvic organs; If these
muscles are badly torn @ childbirth or
become too relaxed, uterus or bladder
my prolapse, that is drop out.
7
Muscular System Vocabulary
1. Agonist: (Primary Movers): Muscle(s) whose contraction actually produces movement.
2. Antagonist: One or more muscles that oppose the action of another group of muscles or
the pull of gravity. Ex. The antagonist of a flexor muscle is an extensor muscle.
3. Aponeuroses: sheet like tendinous expansion, mainly serving to connect a muscle w/
the parts it moves.
4. Circumduction: a combination of flexion, extension, abduction & adduction commonly
seen in ball & socket joints like the shoulder.
5. Deep Fascia: Sheet of fibrous connective tissue investing the trunk, limbs, & muscles.
6. Endomysium: A fine meshwork of loose connective tissue that surrounds each muscle
fiber.
7. Epimysium: a thicker, outer connective tissue sheath which covers the entire muscle.
8. Fasiculi: Groups of 15 – 40 fibers are bound into bundles & is covered by the
perimysium.
9. Fixators: Muscles that serve to fix or stabilize a joint to augment the effectiveness of a
primary mover (agonist).
10. Gaster: The central fleshy, or meaty contractile position of a muscle also called the
belly of a muscle.
11. Insertion: A tendonous extremityby which the muscle is attached to a bone & allows
for motion at the distal end of a bone.
12. Oblique: when the muscles fibers run oblique or slanted the name includes oblique.
13. Origin: A tendonous extremityby which the muscle is attached to a bone at the
proximal end of a bone & usually remains fixed or stationary when the muscle contracts.
14. Perimysium: a coarse fibrous connective tissue sheath that covers the fassiculi.
15. Pronation: describes the inward rotation of the supinated forearm & hand which
causes the palm of the hand to face posteriorly.
16. Protraction: refers to motion that moves a part forward. Reaching for an object
involves protraction of the shoulder girdle. Also known as scapular abduction.
8
17. Rectus: when a muscle fibers are parallel it’s name includes rectus.
18. Retraction: is the motion that returns a protracted body part to its original or usual
position . also known as scapular adduction.
19. Smooth Muscle: has no striation & is involuntary (not consciously controlled). Found
mainly in the walls of hollow visceral organs ex stomach & bladder & along a definite tract
w/in the body. Also called visceral, nonstriated or involuntary muscle.
20. Sprain: a tear in a ligament. The severity is grades as 1st, 2nd, or 3rd degree or mild,
moderate, & severe.
21. Strain: a tear in a muscle or tendon. The severity is grades as 1st, 2nd, or 3rd degree
or mild, moderate, & severe.
22. Striated Muscle: also called skeletal muscle because its fibers appear to be striped. It
is a voluntary muscle
23. Superficial Fascia: a continuous sheet of loose connective tissue lies directly under
the skin.
24. Supination: occurs at the radioulnar joint. In the anatomical position the hands &
forearms are already supinated (palms forward). Outward rotation of hand & forearm.
25. Synergists: Muscles that contract at the same time as the prime mover, assisting or
supplementing a primary mover in producing a particular movement.
26. Tendon: a strong, fibrous, extension of the muscle that connects muscles to muscles
or muscles to bone.
27. Torticollis or Wryneck: a spasm of one of the neck muscles alone or associated w/the
trapezius
28. Naming skeletal Muscles: Muscles are named on the basis of several criteria, each
focusing on a particular structural or functional characteristic: They include:
1. Direction of the Muscle Fibers:
2. Relative size of the Muscle:
3. Location of the Muscle.
4. Number of origins:
5. Location of the muscle’s origin & insertion.
6. Shape of the muscle.
7. Action of the muscle.
9
29. Types of Muscle Fiber Arrangement (6):
1) Parallel or Longitudinal fibers align along the long axis of the muscle ex. Rectus
abdominis or Sartorious
2) Radiate : fiber arrangement that converge from a broad area of origin to a narrow
insertion ex. Pectoralis major;
3) Multipennate the convergence of fibers in several muscular components ex. Deltoid
muscle;
4) Bipennate with fibers directed obliquely from both sides of a central tendon ex. Rectus
femoris; (produces strongest contractions)
5) Unipennate exhibits fibers inserting diagonally or slanted on only one side of a similar
tendon that runs the entire length of the muscle, much like the feathers in an old fashioned
plume pen ex. (produces strongest contractions)
6) Circular fibers bundles are curved to encircle an opening & are typical in sphincter
muscles such as the Orbicularis oris.
Gross Skeletal Muscles to Memorize
Frontalis:
Orbicularis Oculi:
Orbicularis Oris:
Buccinator:
Zygomaticus:
Masseter:
Temporalis:
Platysma:
Sternocleidomastoid:
Pectoralis Major:
Intercostal Muscles:
Rectus abdominis:
External oblique:
Internal oblique:
Transversus abdominis:
Trapezius:
Latissimus Dorsi:
Erector Spinae:
Deltoid:
Biceps Brachii:
Brachialis:
Brachioradialis:
Triceps Brachii:
Gluteus maximus:
Gluteus medius:
Iliopsoas:
Biceps femoris:
Semimemgbranosus:
Semitendinosus:
Sartorius:
Rectus Femoris:
Vastus Medialis:
Vastus Lateralis:
Vastus Intermedius:
Tibialis Anterior:
Extensor Digitorum Longus:
Fibularis longus:
Fibularis Brevis:
Fibularis tertius:
Gastrocnemius:
Soleus:
10
Muscles that move the shoulder:
Muscle
Trapezius
Origin
Occipital bone
Vertebrae (cervical &
thoracic)
Insertion
Clavicle
Scapula (spine &
acromion)
Pectoralis Minor
Ribs (2nd to 5th )
Scapula (coracoid)
Serratus Anterior
Ribs (upper 8 or 9)
Scapula (anterior
surface, vertebral
border)
Function
Raises or lowers shoulder &
shrugs them & Extends head
when occiput acts as
insertion
Pulls shoulder down &
forward
Pulls shoulder forward;
abducts & rotates it upward.
Muscles that move upper arm:
Muscle
Pectoralis Major
Latissimus Dorsi
Origin
Clavicle (medial half)
Sternum
Costal Cartilages of
true ribs
Vertebrae (spines of
lower thoracic, lumbar &
sacral)
Deltoid
Coracobrachialis
Supraspinatus
Teres Major
Teres Minor
Infraspinatus
Ilium (crest)
Lumbodorsal fascia
Clavicle
Scapula(spine & acromion
Scapula (coracoid
process)
Scapula (supraspinous
Insertion
Humerus (greater
tubercle)
Function
Flexes & adducts humerus
Humerus
(intertubercular
groove)
Extends upper arm, adducts
upper arm posteriorly
Humerus (deltoid
tuberosity)
3rd, medial surface)
Abducts upper arm; Assists in
flexion & extension of upper
arm
Adduction; Assists in flexion &
medial rotation of arm.
Humerus (greater
Assists in abducting arm
Humerus (middle
fossa)
tubercle)
Scapula (lower part,
Humerus (upper
axillary border)
part, anterior surface)
Scapula (axillary
border)
Scapula (infraspinatus
Humerus (greater
tubercle)
border)
Humerus (greater
tubercle)
Assists in extension,
adduction, & medial rotation
of arm.
Rotates arm outward
Rotates arm outward
11
Muscles that move the lower arm:
Muscle
Biceps Brachii
Origin
Scapula (supraglenoid
tuberosity)
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Scapula (coracoid)
Humerus (distal ½ ,
Flexes elbow
Humerus (above lateral
Radius (styloid
process)
Scapula (infraglenoid
Proximal Humeral head
Humerus (medial
epicondyle)
Supinator
Ulna (front of coronoid
process
tubrerosity)
Pronator Teres
Function
Flexes elbow &
Supinates forearm &
hand
anterior surface)
epicondyle)
Triceps Brachii
Insertion
Radius (tubercle at
proximal end)
Ulna (coronoid process)
Humerus (lateral
Supinates forearm &
hand:Flexes semipronated
or semisupinated forearm
Ulna (olecranon
process)
Extends lower arm.
(elbow)
Radius (middle 3rd of
lateral surface)
Pronates & flexes
forearm
Raduis (proximal 3rd )
Supinates forearm
epicondyle)
Ulna (proximal 5th )
Muscles that move the Hand:
Muscle
Flexor Carpi
Radialis
Flexor Carpi
Ulnaris
Flexor digitorum
superficialis
Extensor Carpi
Radialis Longus
Origin
Humerus (medial
Insertion
2nd & 3rd Metacarpal
epicondyle)
Humerus (medial
epicondyle)
Ulna (posterior)
Distal Humerus,
ulna & radius
Humerus
Pisiform bone
3rd ,4th & 5th
Metacarpal
Middle phalanges of
2nd – 5th metacarpal
2nd & 3rd Metacarpal
(base of)
Function
Flexes wrist & forearm
Abducts hand
Adducts hand
Flexes wrist
Flexes wrist & fingers
Extends wrist; Abducts
hand (moves toward thumb
side when hand supinated)
Extensor
Digitorum
Extensor Carpi
Ulnaris
Distal Humerus
Humerus (lateral
epicondyle)
Ulna (proximal ¾ )
Distal phalanges of 2nd
to 5th fingers
5th Metacarpal
(base of)
Extends fingers & wrist
Extends hand;
Adducts hand (move toward
little finger side when hand
supinated)
12
Muscles that move the thigh:
Muscle
Iliopsoas (iliacus
& psoas major)
Origin
Ilium (iliac fossa)
Vertebrae (bodies of 12th
Insertion
Femur (small
trochanter)
Ilium (anterior, inferior spine)
Tibia (by way of
Ilium (crest & posterior
Femur (proximal)
Iliotibial tract
Function
Flexes hip;
Flexes trunk (when
femur acts as origin)
thoracic to 5th lumbar)
Rectus Femoris
Gluteus Maximus
surface)
Gleuteus Medius
Sacrum & Coccyx
Sacrotuberous ligament
Ilium (lateral surface)
Gleuteus Minimus Ilium (lateral surface)
Tensor Fasciae
Lata:
Piriformis
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Longus
Adductor Magnus
Gracilis:
Ilium (anterior part of crest)
Vertebrae (front of
sacrum)
Pubic
Pubic
Pubic
Pubic
bone
bone
bone
bone (just below
symphysis)
patellar tendon)
Femur (greater
trochanter)
Femur (greater
trochanter)
Tibia (by way of
Iliotibial tract)
Femur (medial aspect
of greater trochanter)
Proximal Femur
Proximal Femur
Proximal Femur
Tibia (medial surface
behind sartorius)
Flexes hip;
Extends lower leg
Extends thigh – rotates
outward
Abducts thigh – rotates
outward; Stabilizes
pelvis of femur.
Abducts thigh;
stabilizes pelvis on
femur; Rotates thigh
medially.
Abducts thigh;
Tightens iliotibial tract
Rotates thigh outward;
Abducts thigh; Extends
thigh.
Adducts thigh
Adducts thigh
Adducts thigh
Adducts thigh & Flexes
knee
Muscles of the pelvic floor:
Muscle
Levator Ani
Origin
Pubis (posterior
surface)
Ischium (spine)
Insertion
Coccyx
Function
Coccygeus (posterior
Ischium (spine)
Coccyx
Sacrum
Same as levator ani
continuation of levator ani)
Together form floor of pelvic cavity;
support pelvic organs; If these
muscles are badly torn @ childbirth or
become too relaxed, uterus or bladder
my prolapse, that is drop out.
13
Muscles that move the lower leg:
Muscle
Quadriceps Femoris
Group:
Rectus Femoris:
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis
Vastus Intermedius:
Sartorius
Hamstring Group:
Biceps Femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Origin
Ilium (anterior,
inferior spine)
Insertion
Tibia (by way of
patellar tendon)
Function
Extends knee, flexes
hip
Femur (linea aspera)
Tibia (by way of
patellar tendon)
Tibia (by way of
patellar tendon)
Tibia (by way of
patellar tendon)
Extends knee
Proximal tibia
Adducts & flexes leg;
Femur
Femur (anterior
surface)
Os Innominatum
(ilium)
Extends knee
Extends knee
Permits crossing of legs
tailor fashion.
Ischium (tuberosity) Fibula (head of )
Femur (linea aspera) Tibia (lateral
condyle)
Ischium (tuberosity) Tibia (proximal end,
medial surface)
Ischium (tuberosity) Tibia (medial
condyle)
Flexes leg.
Extends thigh
Extends thigh
Extends thigh.
Muscles that move the foot:
Muscle
Tibialis Anterior
Origin
Tibia (proximal lateral
condyle)
Gastroccnemius
Soleus
Extensor Digirorum
Longus
Peroneus Longus
(fibularis longus)
Femur (distal condyles)
Tibia (proximal)
Fibula
Lateral tibial
condyle
Tibia (lateral condyle
Fibula (head & shaft)
Peroneus Brevis
(fibularis Brevis)
Fibula (lower 2/3 of
Tibialis Posterior
Tibia (posterior
lateral surface of shaft)
surface)
Fibula (posterior
surface)
Peroneus Tertius
(fibularis tertius)
Fibula (distal third)
Insertion
1st Cuneiform &base
of 1st Metatarsal
Calcaneus by way of
Achilles tendon)
Calcaneus by way of
Function
Dorsiflex foot
Inverts foot
Plantar flexes foot
Flexes lower leg
Plantar flexes foot
Achilles tendon)
Phalanges of 2-5
toes
Toe extension &
dorsiflexor of foot
1st Cuneiform
Base of 1st
metatarsal
5th Metatarsal
(tubercle, dorsal
surface)
Navicular Bone
Cuboid Bone
All 3 Cuneiforms
2nd & 4th Metatarsals
4th & 5th Metatarsals
Plantarflexes foot
Everts foot.
(bases of)
Everts foot
Flexes foot
Extends foot (plantar
flexion)
Inverts foot
Flexes foot
Everts foot
14
Muscles that move the head:
Muscle
Sternocleidomastoid
Origin
Sternum
Clavicle
Insertion
Temporal Bone
(mastoid process)
Semispinalis Capitis
Vertebrae (transverse
Occipital Bone (b/w
superior & inferior
nuchal lines)
processes of upper 6
thoracic, articular
processes of lower 4
cervical)
Splenius Capitis
Ligamentum Nuchae
Vertebrae (spinous
processes of upper 3 or 4
thoracic)
Longissimus Capitis
Vertebrae (transverse
processes of upper 6
thoracic, articular
processes of lower 4
cervical)
Function
Flexes head (prayer
muscle); One muscle
alone, rotates head
toward opposite side;
spasm of this muscle
alone or associated
w/trapezius called
torticollis or wry-neck
Extends head;
Bends it laterally
Temporal Bone
(mastoid process)
Occipital Bone
Extends head;
Bends & rotates head
toward same side as
contracting muscle.
Temporal Bone
(mastoid process)
Extends Head;
Bends & rotates head
toward contracting
side.
Muscles that move the chest wall:
Muscle
External Intercostals
Origin
Rib (lower border;
forward fibers)
Insertion
Rib (upper border of
rib below origin)
Function
Elevate ribs
Internal Intercostals
Rib (inner surface,
Probably depress ribs
lower border;
Rib (upper border of
rib below origin)
Lower circumference
of Thorax (of rib cage)
Central tendon of
Diaphragm
Enlarges thorax,
cuasing inspiration.
backward fibers)
Diaphragm
15
Muscles that move the abdominal wall:
Muscle
External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Origin
Ribs (lower 8)
Function
Insertion
Ossa Coxae (iliac crest Flexes & rotates vertebral
& pubis by way of
inguinal ligament)
Linea alba by way of
an aponeurosis
column; when these
muscles lose their tone,
common figure faults of
protruding abdomen &
lordosis develop.
Ossa Coxae (iliac
Ribs (lower 3)
Pubic bone
Linea Alba
Pubic bone;
Linea Alba
Trunk Flexion
Same as external
oblique
Ribs (costal cartilage of
Trunk Flexion;
Same as external oblique;
because abdominal
muscles compress
abdominal cavity, they aid
in straining, defecation,
forced expiration, childbirth,
etc.; abdominal muscles
are antagonists of
diaphragm, relaxing as it
contracts & vice versa.
crest & inguinal ligament)
Transversalis
Lumbodorsal Fascia
Ribs (lower 6)
Ossa Coxae (iliac
Same as external
oblique
crest, inguinal ligament)
Rectus Abdominis
Lumbodorsal Fascia
Ossa Coxae (pubic
bone & symphysis pubis)
5th,
6th,
&
7th
ribs)
Sternum (xiphoid
process)
Muscles of Facial Expression & Mastication
Muscle
Masseter
Temporalis
Epicranius (occiput
Origin
Zygomatic Arch
Temporal bone
Insertion
Mandible
Mandible
Function
Closes jaw
Closes jaw
Fascia of upper part
of deltoid &
pectoralis major
Mandible (lower
Draws corners of mouth
down - pouting
frontalis)
Orbicularis Oculi
Orbicularis Oris
Platysma
Zygomaticus
Zygomatic bone
Buccinator
Maxillae & mandible
near molars
border)
Skin around corners
of mouth
Skin & muscles @
corner of lips
Orbicularis oris
Raises corner of mouth
Permits smiling,
blowing, sucking, &
holding food b/w teeth
during chewing.
16
Muscles that move the trunk:
Muscle
Sacrospinalis
(Ercector Spinae)
Origin
Iliac crests, ribs 312, & vertebrae
Insertion
Ribs, thoracic &
cervical vertebrae
Function
Extend Back; Maintain
erect posture of trunk.
Lateral Portion:
Iliocostalis Lumborum
Iliac crest:
sacrum (posterior
Ribs, lower six
Trunk extension
Elevation of pelvis
Ribs, upper 6
Vertebrae, 4th to 6th
cervical
Vertebrae, thoracic
ribs
Trunk Extension
Neck Extension
Vertebrae, 2nd to 6th
cervical
Neck Extension
Temporal bone,
mastoid process
Neck Extension
Ribs (12th )
Vertebrae (transverse
processes of 1st 4
lumbar)
Elevates pelvis
Both muscles together
extend spine; One muscle
alone abducts trunk toward
side of contracting muscle
Femur
Flexes trunk & hip
surface), &
Iliocostalis Dorsi
Iliocostalis Cervicis
Medial Portion:
Longissimus Dorsi
Longissimus Cervicis
Longissimus Capitis
Lumbar vertebrae
(spinous processes)
Ribs, lower 6
Ribs, upper 6
Same as Iliocostalis
Lumborum
Vertebrae, upper 6
thoracic
Vertebrae, upper 6
thoracic & last 4
cervical
Quadratus Lumborum
Ilium (posterior part
(forms part of posterior
abdominal wall)
of crest)
Vertebrae (lower 3
lumbar)
Iliposoas
Ilium & lumbar
vertebrae
Trunk rotation
Information from: Athletic Injury Assessment by James M. Booher, & Gary A. Thibodeau,
Times Mirror / Mosby College Publishing
17
Physiology of the Muscular System Vocabulary
Actin:
Action Potential:
Axon:
Clonic Muscle Spasm:
Concentric Contraction
Contractility:
Dark A Band:
Fast
Fast Twitch
Irritability:
Isometric Contraction
Light I Band:
Motor Unit:
Myofibrils:
Myofilaments:
Myosin:
Neurotransmitter:
Acetylocholine:
Nueromuscular Junction:
Sarcomere:
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum:
Sliding Filament Theory:
Slow Twitch
Synaptic Cleft:
Tonic Muscle Spasm:
Z Disc:
Cartilaginous Joint:
Condyloid Joint:
Ball & Socket Joint:
Fibrous Joint:
Pivot Joint:
Plane Joint:
Saddle Joint:
Hinge Joint:
Amphiarthroses:
Synarthroses:
Synovial Joint:
Diathroses:
18
Muscles that move the lower leg:
Muscle
Quadriceps Femoris
Group:
Rectus Femoris:
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis
Vastus Intermedius:
Sartorius
Hamstring Group:
Biceps Femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Origin
Ilium (anterior,
inferior spine)
Insertion
Tibia (by way of
patellar tendon)
Function
Extends knee, flexes
hip
Femur (linea aspera)
Tibia (by way of
patellar tendon)
Tibia (by way of
patellar tendon)
Tibia (by way of
patellar tendon)
Extends knee
Proximal tibia
Adducts & flexes leg;
Femur
Femur (anterior
surface)
Os Innominatum
(ilium)
Extends knee
Extends knee
Permits crossing of legs
tailor fashion.
Ischium (tuberosity) Fibula (head of )
Femur (linea aspera) Tibia (lateral
condyle)
Ischium (tuberosity) Tibia (proximal end,
medial surface)
Ischium (tuberosity) Tibia (medial
condyle)
Flexes leg.
Extends thigh
Extends thigh
Extends thigh.
Muscles that move the foot:
Muscle
Tibialis Anterior
Origin
Tibia (proximal lateral
condyle)
Gastroccnemius
Soleus
Extensor Digirorum
Longus
Peroneus Longus
(fibularis longus)
Femur (distal condyles)
Tibia (proximal)
Fibula
Lateral tibial
condyle
Tibia (lateral condyle
Fibula (head & shaft)
Peroneus Brevis
(fibularis Brevis)
Fibula (lower 2/3 of
Tibialis Posterior
Tibia (posterior
lateral surface of shaft)
surface)
Fibula (posterior
surface)
Peroneus Tertius
(fibularis tertius)
Fibula (distal third)
Insertion
1st Cuneiform &base
of 1st Metatarsal
Calcaneus by way of
Achilles tendon)
Calcaneus by way of
Function
Dorsiflex foot
Inverts foot
Plantar flexes foot
Flexes lower leg
Plantar flexes foot
Achilles tendon)
Phalanges of 2-5
toes
Toe extension &
dorsiflexor of foot
1st Cuneiform
Base of 1st
metatarsal
5th Metatarsal
(tubercle, dorsal
surface)
Navicular Bone
Cuboid Bone
All 3 Cuneiforms
2nd & 4th Metatarsals
4th & 5th Metatarsals
Plantarflexes foot
Everts foot.
(bases of)
Everts foot
Flexes foot
Extends foot (plantar
flexion)
Inverts foot
Flexes foot
Everts foot
19
Muscles that move the head:
Muscle
Sternocleidomastoid
Origin
Sternum
Clavicle
Insertion
Temporal Bone
(mastoid process)
Semispinalis Capitis
Vertebrae (transverse
Occipital Bone (b/w
superior & inferior
nuchal lines)
processes of upper 6
thoracic, articular
processes of lower 4
cervical)
Splenius Capitis
Ligamentum Nuchae
Vertebrae (spinous
processes of upper 3 or 4
thoracic)
Longissimus Capitis
Vertebrae (transverse
processes of upper 6
thoracic, articular
processes of lower 4
cervical)
Function
Flexes head (prayer
muscle); One muscle
alone, rotates head
toward opposite side;
spasm of this muscle
alone or associated
w/trapezius called
torticollis or wry-neck
Extends head;
Bends it laterally
Temporal Bone
(mastoid process)
Occipital Bone
Extends head;
Bends & rotates head
toward same side as
contracting muscle.
Temporal Bone
(mastoid process)
Extends Head;
Bends & rotates head
toward contracting
side.
Muscles that move the chest wall:
Muscle
External Intercostals
Origin
Rib (lower border;
forward fibers)
Insertion
Rib (upper border of
rib below origin)
Function
Elevate ribs
Internal Intercostals
Rib (inner surface,
Probably depress ribs
lower border;
Rib (upper border of
rib below origin)
Lower circumference
of Thorax (of rib cage)
Central tendon of
Diaphragm
Enlarges thorax,
cuasing inspiration.
backward fibers)
Diaphragm
20
Muscles that move the abdominal wall:
Muscle
External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Origin
Ribs (lower 8)
Function
Insertion
Ossa Coxae (iliac crest Flexes & rotates vertebral
& pubis by way of
inguinal ligament)
Linea alba by way of
an aponeurosis
column; when these
muscles lose their tone,
common figure faults of
protruding abdomen &
lordosis develop.
Ossa Coxae (iliac
Ribs (lower 3)
Pubic bone
Linea Alba
Pubic bone;
Linea Alba
Trunk Flexion
Same as external
oblique
Ribs (costal cartilage of
Trunk Flexion;
Same as external oblique;
because abdominal
muscles compress
abdominal cavity, they aid
in straining, defecation,
forced expiration, childbirth,
etc.; abdominal muscles
are antagonists of
diaphragm, relaxing as it
contracts & vice versa.
crest & inguinal ligament)
Transversalis
Lumbodorsal Fascia
Ribs (lower 6)
Ossa Coxae (iliac
Same as external
oblique
crest, inguinal ligament)
Rectus Abdominis
Lumbodorsal Fascia
Ossa Coxae (pubic
bone & symphysis pubis)
5th,
6th,
&
7th
ribs)
Sternum (xiphoid
process)
Muscles of Facial Expression & Mastication
Muscle
Masseter
Temporalis
Epicranius (occiput
Origin
Zygomatic Arch
Temporal bone
Insertion
Mandible
Mandible
Function
Closes jaw
Closes jaw
Fascia of upper part
of deltoid &
pectoralis major
Mandible (lower
Draws corners of mouth
down - pouting
frontalis)
Orbicularis Oculi
Orbicularis Oris
Platysma
Zygomaticus
Zygomatic bone
Buccinator
Maxillae & mandible
near molars
border)
Skin around corners
of mouth
Skin & muscles @
corner of lips
Orbicularis oris
Raises corner of mouth
Permits smiling,
blowing, sucking, &
holding food b/w teeth
during chewing.
21
Muscles that move the trunk:
Muscle
Sacrospinalis
(Ercector Spinae)
Origin
Iliac crests, ribs 312, & vertebrae
Insertion
Ribs, thoracic &
cervical vertebrae
Function
Extend Back; Maintain
erect posture of trunk.
Lateral Portion:
Iliocostalis Lumborum
Iliac crest:
sacrum (posterior
Ribs, lower six
Trunk extension
Elevation of pelvis
Ribs, upper 6
Vertebrae, 4th to 6th
cervical
Vertebrae, thoracic
ribs
Trunk Extension
Neck Extension
Vertebrae, 2nd to 6th
cervical
Neck Extension
Temporal bone,
mastoid process
Neck Extension
Ribs (12th )
Vertebrae (transverse
processes of 1st 4
lumbar)
Elevates pelvis
Both muscles together
extend spine; One muscle
alone abducts trunk toward
side of contracting muscle
Femur
Flexes trunk & hip
surface), &
Iliocostalis Dorsi
Iliocostalis Cervicis
Medial Portion:
Longissimus Dorsi
Longissimus Cervicis
Longissimus Capitis
Lumbar vertebrae
(spinous processes)
Ribs, lower 6
Ribs, upper 6
Same as Iliocostalis
Lumborum
Vertebrae, upper 6
thoracic
Vertebrae, upper 6
thoracic & last 4
cervical
Quadratus Lumborum
Ilium (posterior part
(forms part of posterior
abdominal wall)
of crest)
Vertebrae (lower 3
lumbar)
Iliposoas
Ilium & lumbar
vertebrae
Trunk rotation
Information from: Athletic Injury Assessment by James M. Booher, & Gary A. Thibodeau,
Times Mirror / Mosby College Publishing
22
Physiology of the Muscular System Vocabulary
Actin:
Action Potential:
Axon:
Clonic Muscle Spasm:
Concentric Contraction
Contractility:
Dark A Band:
Fast
Fast Twitch
Irritability:
Isometric Contraction
Light I Band:
Motor Unit:
Myofibrils:
Myofilaments:
Myosin:
Neurotransmitter:
Acetylocholine:
Nueromuscular Junction:
Sarcomere:
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum:
Sliding Filament Theory:
Slow Twitch
Synaptic Cleft:
Tonic Muscle Spasm:
Z Disc:
Cartilaginous Joint:
Condyloid Joint:
Ball & Socket Joint:
Fibrous Joint:
Pivot Joint:
Plane Joint:
Saddle Joint:
Hinge Joint:
Amphiarthroses:
Synarthroses:
Synovial Joint:
Diathroses:
23