Download Circulatory System Activities Packet 2015

Human Biology- Circulatory System
Ch. 47.1 – Circulatory System
Assigned: 11/19
Due: 12/2
Name:______________________ Block:______
Late Box
Submitted on:
Parent Signature: _____________________________
Read Chapter 47.1, pp. 931-937, then complete the following questions, diagrams, and activities.
A. Anatomy of the Heart
1. What is the central organ of the circulatory system? What is its function?
2. Label the structures of the heart on the diagram below. Read through the chapter to find and understand
the function of these structures.
KEY:
A. _________________________________
B. _________________________________
C. _________________________________
D. _________________________________
E. _________________________________
F. _________________________________
G. _________________________________
H. _________________________________
I. _________________________________
J. _________________________________
K. _________________________________
L. _________________________________
M. _________________________________
3. What structure divides the heart vertically into left
and right sides?
N. _________________________________
O. _________________________________
Horizontally into upper and lower halves?
4. How do valves keep blood flowing in one direction?
B. Blood Flow
1. Which side (left or right) of the heart has a low concentration of oxygen (or deoxygenated blood)?
2. Where is the blood coming from when it enters this side of the heart?
3. When blood leaves this side of the heart, where is it pumped to next?
4. Which side of the heart has a high concentration of oxygen (or oxygenated blood)?
5. Where is the blood coming from when it enters this side of the heart?
6. When blood leaves this side of the heart, where is it pumped to?
7. What is the name of the major artery that pumps blood to all body areas but the lungs?
8. Using colored pencils, draw arrows on the diagram to show the flow of blood through the heart. When
blood is oxygenated, use one color for the arrows. When blood is low in oxygen, but high in carbon
dioxide, use a different color. Make a key to show which color represents which condition.
C
. Heartbeat
C. Heartbeat
1. Explain exactly how the heart is stimulated to contract.
2. What structure (within the heart) is known as the pacemaker of the heart?
3. How does the location of the sinoatrial (SA) node aid in its function? (Hint: what contracts first?)
4. What is the function of the atrioventricular (AV) node?
5. What is Phase One of a heartbeat? What structures are involved in this phase & what do they do?
6. What is Phase Two of a heartbeat? What structures are involved in this phase & what do they do?
Take Your Pulse!!
You can listen to a heartbeat, but you have to feel a pulse. What you are feeling is the elastic walls
(smooth muscle) of the arteries stretching and relaxing as a bulge of blood squirts by under pressure.
Arteries are generally far below the skin for protection. There are a few places, called pulse points,
where arteries pass just beneath the surface and close to a bone. Examples of pulse points are the radial
arteries of the wrists, the carotid arteries of the neck, and the femoral arteries of the upper inside thighs.
Finding these spots will allow you to feel for a pulse.
Take your partner’s pulse at the inside of the wrist. Use your index finger and middle fingers
(NOT your thumb, which has its own arterial pulse). If the wrist is too difficult to find, try the pulse point
in the neck, in the groove between your trachea and trapezius muscle.
Procedure:
At rest: Time your partner’s pulse for 15 seconds while s/he is seated. Multiply this number by 4 to
find the pulse rate per minute. Your partner should write their data in their class activity packet.
After exercise: Have your partner do vigorous jumping jacks in place for 30 seconds. Time the pulse as
before, and record their pulse rate per minute.
1. Pulse:
bpm
(beats per minute)
At Rest:
After exercise:
2. Look at your wrist. The shallow blood vessels close to the skin’s surface that you can see appear blue
(but the blood is actually red!). Are these arteries or veins?
3. Your blood is never blue (it just turns a darker red when deoxygenated), so why do these vessels look
blue?
4. What, exactly, are you actually feeling when you feel your pulse?
LISTEN UP!!
The first stethoscope, which was simply a hollow tube, was invented in 1819. Prior to this, physicians
listened to heart sounds by placing an ear against the patient’s chest.
There are two sounds to every heartbeat: lubb and dup. The closing of the atrioventricular (AV) valves, at
which point the ventricles begin their contraction, causes the lubb sound. The dup sound is heard at the end of
ventricular contraction when the blood has been ejected into the arteries, and the valves to those arteries (the
semilunar valves) close. A different sound will be heard in a person with a heart murmur. In this condition, most
common in young children and the elderly, the valves in the heart do not seal properly and there is some leakage. In
this instance, what you will hear something like “lubb-shh dup” or “ lubb-dup rumble.”
Procedure: Listen for the heart beat of your partner by placing the stethoscope on the left side of the chest. Be
extremely quiet, and try to distinguish between the lubb and dup sounds. Based upon what you hear, check the
appropriate box below.
1. Heart sounds:
Normal?
Heart Murmur?
2. Explain why are there two sounds to every heartbeat.
D. Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure
1. Why is the circulatory system called a closed system?
2. ____________ carry blood Away from the heart.
3. How many layers do arteries have?
4. Why are arteries so thick? Why do they need this thickness?
5. What is blood pressure?
PRESSURE!
Blood is under considerable pressure in the arterial system, as blood is forced out of the heart into the
arteries as the ventricles contract. The peak arterial pressure, called _____________________ pressure,
occurs as the ventricles contract forcing blood into the arteries. Minimum arterial pressure, called
_____________________ pressure, occurs as the relaxed ventricles refill with blood as the atria
contract, and no new rush of blood enters the arteries.
Everyone has had their blood pressure taken at one time or another. A cuff is placed around the
arm and inflated with arm, which collapses the brachial artery and stops the flow of blood. The pressure in
the cuff is then gradually lowered. With a stethoscope on the brachial artery, the health care professional
listens for the sound of blood returning through the artery, which will sound like a tap or thud. When this
sound first occurs, the cuff pressure is recorded as the systolic pressure. As the cuff pressure is
progressively lowered, the sounds will disappear completely. The cuff pressure at which the sounds
disappear is recorded as diastolic pressure.
Procedure:
1. Wrap the blood pressure cuff around your partner’s arm
and pump up the cuff to a MAXIMUM of 160.
2. Put the stethoscope on the artery on the inside of your arm.
3. Slowly, let the air out of the cuff, while doing this listen for
a “bump”—you will also see the needle on the
sphygmomanometer jump. REMEMBER that number.
4. Continue to let air out slowly until you don’t hear any
more “bumps” – you will also see the needle stop
twitching. REMEMBER the number at which this occurs.
Measure the systolic and diastolic pressure of your partner, and
have your partner measure yours. Record your blood pressure
below. The systolic pressure is given first, followed by the
diastolic pressure: for example 120/80.
1. My blood pressure is:
2. Why is systolic pressure higher than diastolic pressure?
3. Which number do you think is more significant (in terms of health) in a blood pressure reading, the
systolic or diastolic pressure? Why?
4. What is the relationship between blood pressure and health (i.e. what are some consequences of blood
pressure that is too high or too low)?
Capillaries and Veins
LOOK AT THIS!
Use the microscopes to view the cross sections of an artery and vein.
1. Draw the cross section of the artery and vein in the microscope. Use the textbook to help you label the
following structures: endothelium, smooth muscle, connective tissue.
2. Which blood vessel has a thicker smooth muscle layer? Why?
CLEAR!!
When impulses travel through the heart from the SA node, electrical currents are generated that spread
throughout the body. These impulses can be detected on the body surface and can be recorded with an
electrocardiograph. The recording that is made, an electrocardiogram (ECG, or EKG), traces the flow of current
through the heart.
The typical ECG has three recognizable waves. The first wave, the P wave, is small and shows the spread of the
electrical signal from the SA node through the atria just before the atria contract. The large QRS complex, which
results from the spread of the electrical signal through the ventricles, precedes the contraction of the ventricles. The
T wave results from the repolarization of the ventricles, as the ions in the cardiac muscles “recharge” to prepare for
the next contraction.
To record your own ECG, follow this procedure:
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Sign on to a computer.
Run the Science Program called LoggerPro in the Vernier Software folder.
Turn on a LabQuest hand held data collector and connect the ECG sensor to Channel 1.
On the computer, go to Options, Graph Options, and give your graph the title (Your Name) ECG.
Go to clock icon and set time for 4 seconds. You can also do this by clicking on “Experiment” and “Data Collection.”
Apply three ECG electrodes to the inside of your arms as shown on the ECG sensor
Connect color-coded electrodes to the corresponding sensors as shown on the ECG sensor.
When you see your electrical potential begin to register in the Potential window, click the Collect icon (green arrow)
on the toolbar.
When your ECG is complete, right click on the graph and copy.
Open a new word document, change the orientation to landscape, and Paste in your graph.
Print your ECG to the Library printer.
With a colored pencil or pen, indicate and label the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave of one cycle on your ECG.
Staple your ECG to the back of this Circulatory System Activities worksheet.
1. Why do you think it is important for the electrical impulse to follow a certain path through the heart and not be
out of order (i.e., what would happen if it did not)?
2. Why do you think it is important for the atria to contract fully before the ventricles? (What would happen if the
contractions of those chambers overlapped?)
E. Patterns of Circulation
1. Pulmonary circulation supplies blood to the ___________________.
2. Coronary circulation supplies blood to the ____________________.
3. Renal circulation supplies blood to the _________________.
4. Hepatic portal circulation supplies blood to the ___________________.
F. Lymphatic System
1. What is the function of the lymphatic system?
2. What are lymphocytes and what role do they play in the function of the lymphatic system?
3. How are blood vessels and the lymphatic system similar?
4. How are blood vessels and the lymphatic system different?
5. What is the function of lymph nodes?
G. Vocabulary: you should know the following vocabulary words in order to understand the key
concepts of the circulatory system.
Aorta
Aortic Semilunar (SL) Valve
Arteriole
Artery
Atrioventricular (AV) valve
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Atrium
Blood pressure
Capillary
Coronary Circulation
Diastole
Diastolic pressure
Hepatic portal Circulation
Inferior vena cava
Lymph
Lymph nodes
Lymphatic system
Lymphocytes
Mitral valve
Pacemaker
Pericardium
Pulmonary Circulation
Pulmonary Arteries
Pulmonary semilunar (SL) valve
Pulmonary Veins
Renal Circulation
Septum
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Superior vena cava
Systemic Circulation
Systole
Systolic pressure
Tricuspid valve
Vein
Ventricle
Venule