Download 6.1 digestive system notes

Topic 6 Human Physiology
Organization of the body
The human body is composed of ______ that are organized into tissues, tissues
organized into _________, and organs organized
into_________________________.
____________ is the study of identifying structures.
_____________ is the study of how the organs and tissues of the body function.
6.1 Digestion & Absorption
Digestion is an ______________ facilitated chemical process.
The Order of Events:
1 ____________ Eating
2 ____________ Breaking food down
3 ____________ Food molecules into blood/lymph
4 ____________ Circulatory system delivers to body
Proteins
yield ________________
Lipids
yield
___________________________
Carbohydrates
yield
___________________
Nucleic acids
yield
____________________
This is accomplished thru _______________ reactions
Enzymes in Digestion
____________________ – The whole passage along which food passes through
the body from mouth to anus.
Enzymes are added to food as it travels the alimentary canal.
Each enzyme is ___________ for a food type.
The human body temp (37.0 C) provides high enough
__________________________ for digestive reactions to occur.
Anatomy of Human Digestive System
A long tube called the Alimentary canal plus the ______________ and _________
which are connected to the alimentary canal by ducts.
It begins with the __________ and ends with the __________.
All solids and liquids are either ______________ by the body or _____________
as feces.
Alimentary canal
A muscular tube where food is moved along by _______________________.
The contractions of the muscles and the movement of the food is called
___________.
Peristalsis in the stomach is called “________________”.
Roll of the pancreas
The pancreas produces many molecules necessary for normal function of the
body.
Two hormones – ___________ and ____________, help regulate glucose levels.
Three enzymes used in digestion
_______________ – used to metabolize lipids
_______________ – used to metabolize carbohydrates
_______________ – used to metabolize protein
As a group, these three enzymes are called _____________________.
Pancreatic ________ carries juices to the beginning of the small intestine
The liver produces ________ which aids __________ digestion. Bile is stored in
the _________________and is carried to the small intestine by the bile duct.
Table of Enzymes
Digestion of starch begins in the mouth
The enzyme ___________________ begins breaking down (hydrolyzing) starch in
the saliva of the mouth and converting it into ______________.
The activity of this enzyme ends at the stomach due to its
____________________________.
Digestion of starch
Most of the starch arrives at the beginning of the small intestine still undigested.
The pancreas secretes pancreatic amylase into the beginning of the small
intestine, called the _________________________.
The pH of the small intestine is _______________ which is perfect for this
enzyme.
Starch continues to be _________________ to maltose.
Maltase
The small intestine itself produces the enzyme maltase, which further converts
the maltose into ______________.
Maltase remains attached to the __________ of the small intestine.
Mucosa
The lining of the small intestine is called the mucosa
The mucosa contains finger like projections called __________ which allow for an
increased surface area.
The villi absorb the ______________ from the ______________.
Within the villi are blood capillaries as well as a ___________ (part of the lymph
system)
Absorption
Most nutrients are absorbed into the ______________ of the blood stream while
________________ are usually absorbed into a _____________.
Ways epithelial cells absorb nutrients