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Topic 6 Human Physiology Organization of the body The human body is composed of ______ that are organized into tissues, tissues organized into _________, and organs organized into_________________________. ____________ is the study of identifying structures. _____________ is the study of how the organs and tissues of the body function. 6.1 Digestion & Absorption Digestion is an ______________ facilitated chemical process. The Order of Events: 1 ____________ Eating 2 ____________ Breaking food down 3 ____________ Food molecules into blood/lymph 4 ____________ Circulatory system delivers to body Proteins yield ________________ Lipids yield ___________________________ Carbohydrates yield ___________________ Nucleic acids yield ____________________ This is accomplished thru _______________ reactions Enzymes in Digestion ____________________ – The whole passage along which food passes through the body from mouth to anus. Enzymes are added to food as it travels the alimentary canal. Each enzyme is ___________ for a food type. The human body temp (37.0 C) provides high enough __________________________ for digestive reactions to occur. Anatomy of Human Digestive System A long tube called the Alimentary canal plus the ______________ and _________ which are connected to the alimentary canal by ducts. It begins with the __________ and ends with the __________. All solids and liquids are either ______________ by the body or _____________ as feces. Alimentary canal A muscular tube where food is moved along by _______________________. The contractions of the muscles and the movement of the food is called ___________. Peristalsis in the stomach is called “________________”. Roll of the pancreas The pancreas produces many molecules necessary for normal function of the body. Two hormones – ___________ and ____________, help regulate glucose levels. Three enzymes used in digestion _______________ – used to metabolize lipids _______________ – used to metabolize carbohydrates _______________ – used to metabolize protein As a group, these three enzymes are called _____________________. Pancreatic ________ carries juices to the beginning of the small intestine The liver produces ________ which aids __________ digestion. Bile is stored in the _________________and is carried to the small intestine by the bile duct. Table of Enzymes Digestion of starch begins in the mouth The enzyme ___________________ begins breaking down (hydrolyzing) starch in the saliva of the mouth and converting it into ______________. The activity of this enzyme ends at the stomach due to its ____________________________. Digestion of starch Most of the starch arrives at the beginning of the small intestine still undigested. The pancreas secretes pancreatic amylase into the beginning of the small intestine, called the _________________________. The pH of the small intestine is _______________ which is perfect for this enzyme. Starch continues to be _________________ to maltose. Maltase The small intestine itself produces the enzyme maltase, which further converts the maltose into ______________. Maltase remains attached to the __________ of the small intestine. Mucosa The lining of the small intestine is called the mucosa The mucosa contains finger like projections called __________ which allow for an increased surface area. The villi absorb the ______________ from the ______________. Within the villi are blood capillaries as well as a ___________ (part of the lymph system) Absorption Most nutrients are absorbed into the ______________ of the blood stream while ________________ are usually absorbed into a _____________. Ways epithelial cells absorb nutrients