Download nucleic acids definitions

NUCLEIC ACIDS & PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
DEFINITIONS
1
NUCLEOLI: These contain proteins and nucleic acids found within the nucleus and they
manufacture RNA and are concerned with protein synthesis.
2
CHROMOSOMES: Chromosomes are long threads made of DNA and some protein.
3
CHROMATIN: When a cell Is not dividing the chromosomes are not visible but are in a very
tangled mass.
4
RIBOSOME: Occur on the cytoplasm or outer membrane of ER and these are concerned
with protein synthesis. Composed of RNA and protein.
5
GENES: A segment of DNA and it controls the making of specific proteins in the body,
making that body unique and different.
6
DNA (DeoxiriboNucleic Acid): A double helix, which means it is like a twisted ladder.
DNA is made of building-blocks called nucleotides and controls the synthesis of proteins and
Hereditary information (genes) is found in the D.N.A. Genes, represented by a section of
D.N.A. control the synthesis of proteins, which give a cell its structural individuality.
7
RNA (Ribo Nucleic Acid): Single strand composed of nucleotides which carries the
instructions of the segment of DNA (gene) which codes for a protein.
8
tRNA: with three free bases (the anticodon) and each tRNA attaches to it, a specific amino
acid.
9
NUCLEOTIDE: The building blocks (monomers) of nucleic acids. Four types depending on
the nitrogenous base.
10
PAIRED NITROGENOUS BASES: In DNA: Cytosine and Guanine bond and Adenine and
Thymine bond in the double helix. I RNA, no base pairing and Uracil replaces Thymine (C, G,
A, U).
11
WEAK HYDROGEN BONDS: Between the paired nitrogenous bases in DNA which break
during protein synthesis and DNA replication.
12
TRANSCRIPTION: First phase of protein synthesis when a segment of DNA codes for an
mRNA.
13
TRANSLATION: Second phase in cytoplasm where mRNA codons attract tRNA in a
sequence, each carrying a specific amino acid which joins a growing polypeptide chain.
14
TRIPLET CODON: Every three nitrogenous bases in DNA codes for one amino acid,. The
codon is carried by the mRNA to the cytoplasm.
15
COMPLIMETARY BASE PAIRING: When nitrogenous bases pair up (C to G, A to T, and A to
U)during protein synthesis and DNA replication.
16
DNA REPLICATION: During mitosis, DNA produces two identical copies f itself so that each
daughter cell formed will have identical DNA to each other and to the original DNA.