Download Chapter 1 Review Sheet

Chapter 1 Review Sheet
Definitions:
1. element – the most simple form of matter that can’t be broken down by either
chemical or physical means
2. compound – two or more elements that are chemically combined
3. atom – the smallest representative part of an element
4. atomic mass unit – the unit used to measure the relative mass of atoms
5. physical property – a property that can be observed without changing the
substances identity
6. chemical property – a property that is displayed when matter undergoes a change
in composition
Identify the following as either a physical or a chemical property:
7. color
PHYSICAL
8. state of matter
PHYSICAL
9. ability to rust
CHEMICAL
10. magnetic
PHYSICAL
11. boiling point
PHYSICAL
12. ability to react
CHEMICAL
13. ability to tarnish
CHEMICAL
14. pH
PHYSICAL
15. density
PHYSICAL
Element Names & Symbols:
Carbon C
Calcium Ca
Copper Cu
Chlorine Cl
Sulfur S
Silicon Si
Gold Au
Silver Ag
Neon Ne
Nitrogen N
Sodium Na
Nickel Ni
Identify the following scientists:
16.
Joseph Proust
17.
JJ Thomspon
developed the Law of Definite Proportions.
discovered the electron and developed the Plum
Pudding Model.
18.
Democritus
believed that matter was made of tiny particles
and there was space between them.
19.
Dmitri Mendeleev
first organized the periodic table.
20.
Ernest Rutherford
discovered the nucleus of the atom during his
Gold Foil Experiment.
21.
Niels Bohr
developed a model of the atom in which the
electrons orbit the nucleus similar to the way planets orbit the sun.
22.
John Dalton
possible relationship.
believed that atoms combine in the simplest
Short Answer:
23. How was Mendeleev’s original periodic table of elements different from our
current periodic table?
Mendeleev’s table only had about 30 elements and it was ordered by increasing
atomic mass, our current table has 118 elements and is ordered by increasing
atomic number
24. How was Mendeleev’s original periodic table of elements similar to our current
periodic table?
Mendeleev grouped elements based on their common properties and our current
table does the same
25. Describe Ernest Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment. How did we simulate this
experiment in a lab?
Rutherford shot particles through a thin piece of gold foil. Most particles went
through but some bounced back. We simulated this experiment with wooden
boards and marbles.
26. Describe the pH scale. Identify the pH values for acids, bases and neutral
solutions.
The pH scale goes from 0-14. Acids are from 0-6.9, Bases are from 7.1-14 and
neutral solutions are at 7.
27. What were the 3 indicators of a chemical reaction that were observed in Chapter 1
Activity 2?
bubbles (gas produced), heat produced, color change
28. Draw a transverse wave and label the following parts: crest, trough & wavelength
29. List the 7 parts of the electromagnetic spectrum in order of lowest to highest
energy.
radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, UV, x-rays, gamma rays
30. List the 7 colors of the visible spectrum in order of lowest to highest energy.
Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet
Calculations:
f=C
λ
E=hxf
C = 3.00 x 108 m/s
h = 6.63 x 10-34 Jּs
31. What is the velocity of a wave that has a wavelength of 5.92 x 10-6 m?
f=C
f = 3.00 x 108
f = 5.07 x 1013 m/s
-6
λ
5.92 x 10
32. What is the wavelength of a wave that has a velocity of 2.13 x 1013 m/s?
λ=C
λ = 3.00 x 108
λ = 1.41 x 10-5 m
V
2.13 x 1013
33. How much energy is released from a wave with a frequency of 7.5 x 1013 Hz?
E=hxf
E = 6.63 x 10-34 Jּs x 7.5 x 1013 Hz
E = 5.0 x 10-20 J
34. How much energy is released
when an electron jumps from
E4 to E2? 2.55 eV