Download Thermal Energy - Syrian Modern School

Syrian
Modern
School
Name: ____________
2nd Semester (2011-2012)
:
Science Study Sheet
Grade: six
Section:……………………
Chapter 5: Ecosystems:
Climate zone: is a region in which yearly patterns of temperature, rainfall, and
the amount of sunlight are similar.
Earth has 6 major land ecosystems
Tropical Rain Forest
Near the equator
Warm and wet
Variety of plants
Producers form three
layers
1-tallest trees
2-canopy
3-few plants live in the
rain forest floor
Many animals such as
monkeys
Desert
Sun shines nearly every
day ,it doesn’t rain very
often, dry air and soil and
its hot on summer but
temperatures can drop
below freezing on winter
nights
Deciduous Forest
Leaves shed every
year
Moderate
temperature and
moderate amount of
rainfall
Seasonal change
Many species of
insects and rabbits
Grassland
All continents except Antarctica
Moderate temperature and light
rainfall
Grasses have several adaptations
to help them survive without much
rain
Plants have long, slender leaves
that slow water loss
Their roots grow below the
surface to absorb the rain that
does fall.
Small animals
Taiga
Evergreen trees
Such as (pines, firs)
Needle like leaves
have a waxy covering
protects them from
the cold and limits
the amount of water
Tundra
Across Greenland
Low temperatures and long
winters prevent trees from
growing
Only small plants
Large plants can`t survive
because the soil just below
Few plants can grow
Plants have adaptations
that help them conserve
water
*Cactus plant store water
in their thick stems
Their roots lie close to the
surface so they quickly
absorb water
*Mesquite plants don’t
store water instead their
roots grow up to 15m to
reach underground
sources of water
Snakes and lizards
loss
the surface stays frozen all
year
Only two layers
Mosquitos and fly
population increase
during summer
Small plants grow
So far from the equator ,
Sun shines all night during
the summer
Water Ecosystems:
1-Saltwater Ecosystem
2-Fresh water Ecosystem
3- Brackish
*Salt Water Ecosystem:
It has 3 life zones
Intertidal Zone
Near-Shore Zone
Open-Ocean Zone
At the ocean`s edge Waters about 200 m Most of the ocean
deep
Water is very deep
Organisms live near
the surface
Waves lap the
Rivers empty into
Algae or
shore, tides rise and the ocean provide
Phytoplanktun are
fall
most of the
the producers
nutrients for this
Tiny herbivores
A lot of oxygen and
nutrients
Sea stars and crabs
zone
Water is calm
called Zooplanktun
Tuna and sharks
Schools of fish
Few producers at
the bottom because
the lack of sunlight
so no photosynthesis
can occur
Fresh Water Ecosystem
1234-
Lakes
Ponds
Rivers
Swamps
*Plants are adopted to life in fresh water only they can`t survive in salt water
*Duck weed and lilies
*Water temperature and the speed determines the kind of organisms that live in
fresh water
*Streams and rivers water moves fast, so fewer plants and animals can live
*Lakes and ponds water moves slow or stays still so plants and animals have
adaptations for anchoring themselves at the bottom
*Few plants grow in the deeper lakes? Because little sunlight reaches the bottom
Brackish (Estuaries)
Brackish water is a mixture of fresh and salt water it`s often found in an Estuary
Estuary is a place where a freshwater rivers empties into an ocean
*water contains huge amounts of nutrients
Chapter 6: Energy
Energy: the ability to cause a change in a matter
People use energy stored in food to talk and even to sleep.
Kinetic and Potential Energy:
*Kinetic Energy is the energy of motion (speed) if something is moving it has
more Kinetic Energy than a still object.
*Potential Energy: is the energy an object has because of its condition or
position (height)
The higher and object is the more potential energy it has
Energy Transfer: is the movement of energy from one place or object to another.
Solar Energy: energy that comes from the sun
Energy from the sun travels as Radiation
Sun produces several kind of radiation *LIGHT* is radiation which we SEE
*HEAT* is radiation which we FEEL.
Without solar energy Earth would be just a ball of frozen rock with no life.
Chemical Energy: energy that is released by a chemical reaction
Your muscles gets the chemical energy stored in your food then when it`s
released it gives you kinetic energy to move.
The batteries contain chemical energy.
Mechanical Energy: combination of potential and kinetic energy.
Electric Energy: is energy that comes from an electric current
Sound Energy: energy in the form of vibrations that travel through matter.
Thermal Energy: the faster the particle moves the more thermal energy it has
Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between objects with different
temperatures
Thermal energy travels from a warmer object to a cooler object
Temperature is the measurement of the average kinetic energy of all the
particles
A system is a set of parts acting together as a whole object *pot*
*In ice water particles are held together in a pattern they don’t move around ,as
thermal energy is added they vibrate faster and faster at a certain point the
particles have so much energy that they break out of the pattern and flow easily
around each other the ice melts
If you keep adding thermal energy the water particles keep moving faster and
faster finally they rise into the air .the water boils.
Three ways for thermal energy to move
1- Conduction from one object directly into another
2- Convectiontransfer of thermal energy through the movement of gas or liquid
3- Radiationthe transfer of energy through waves
Reflection when heat or light bounces of an object
Nonrenewable and Renewable Energy Resources
Hydroelectric energy is the energy of falling water
Fossil is the remains or traces of past life
It takes millions of years for coal, oil, and natural gas to form
A resource is any material that can be used to satisfy a need
Nonrenewable resource is a resource that once used up it cannot be replaces
within a human life time.
Conservation: to switch to using resources the wont run out
Renewable Resource is a resource that can be replaced within a human life
time
Such as solar energy, falling water, air (wind).
Pollution is anything the dirties or harms the environment.