Download Biology Pre-Learning Check

Chapter 12: Work and Energy
Benchmarks:
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9-PS-E – Demonstrate that energy can be considered to be either kinetic (motion) or
potential (stored).
9-PS-F – Explain how energy may change form or be redistributed but the total
quantity of energy is conserved.
Indicators:
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(9-PS-E12) explain how an object’s kinetic energy depends on its mass and its speed
(KE=1/2mv²).
(9-PS-E13) demonstrate that near Earth’s surface an object’s gravitational potential
energy depends upon its weight (mg where m is the object’s mass and g is the
acceleration due to gravity) and height (h) above a reference surface (PE=mgh).
(9-PS-F3) describe radioactive substances as unstable nuclei that undergo random
spontaneous nuclear decay emitting particles and/or high energy wavelike radiation.
(9-PS-F11) explain how thermal energy exists in the random motion and vibrations of
atoms and molecules. Recognize that the higher the temperature, the greater the
average atomic or molecular motion, and during changes of state the temperature
remains constant.
(9-PS-F14) summarize how nuclear reactions convert a small amount of matter into a
large amount of energy. (Fission involved the splitting of a large nucleus into smaller
nuclei; fusion is the joining of two small nuclei into a larger nucleus at extremely high
energies).
(9-PS-F15) trace the transformations of energy within a system (e.g., chemical to
electrical to mechanical) and recognize that energy is conserved. Show that these
transformations involve the release of some thermal energy.
Description:
For this unit, we will build on the last unit and be studying the effects of forces
… work and power. We will learn about how work is done and power is used in real
life scenarios and calculate the amount of work done and power used.
We will also study the types of energy involved in doing work (potential and
kinetic, as well as other forms) and how work is done to transform that energy from
one form to another. Again, we will look at real life scenarios and calculate the
amount of kinetic, gravitational potential energy or elastic potential energy involved.
We will also look at other forms of energy (light, sound, thermal) and how work is
done to change energy from one form to another while conserving the total amount of
energy. We will discuss the efficiency of systems…the amount that is “lost” due to
friction and how to improve it.
There are two parts to the assessment for this unit. One is a mixed format
test….multiple choice questions, problems, short answer, diagrams, etc. The second
is a project including a lab report/journal similar to the egg drop. This time your task
is to build a self powered car that goes at least 5m. It will be discussed on a separate
sheet of paper.
Chapter 12: Work and Energy
+ if you’re an expert (can explain to someone else)
 if you’ve heard of it (and know a little)
0 if you’ve never heard of it
_____ work
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_____ power
_____
_____ Joules
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_____ Watts
_____
_____ simple machine
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_____ potential energy
_____
_____ kinetic energy
_____
_____ gravitational
_____ elastic potential
potential energy
_____
energy
_____
_____ mechanical energy
_____
_____ sound energy
_____
_____ thermal energy
_____
_____ light energy
_____
_____ radiant energy
_____
_____ electrical energy
_____
_____ nuclear energy
_____
_____ efficiency
_____
_____ Law of conservation
_____ closed system
_____
_____ open system
_____
of energy
_____