Download Biology Pre-Learning Check

Chapter 12: Work and Energy
Indicators:
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(9-PS-E12) explain how an object’s kinetic energy depends on its mass and its speed (KE=1/2mv²).
(9-PS-E13) demonstrate that near Earth’s surface an object’s gravitational potential energy depends
upon its weight (mg where m is the object’s mass and g is the acceleration due to gravity) and height
(h) above a reference surface (PE=mgh).
(9-PS-F3) describe radioactive substances as unstable nuclei that undergo random spontaneous
nuclear decay emitting particles and/or high energy wavelike radiation.
(9-PS-F11) explain how thermal energy exists in the random motion and vibrations of atoms and
molecules. Recognize that the higher the temperature, the greater the average atomic or molecular
motion, and during changes of state the temperature remains constant.
(9-PS-F14) summarize how nuclear reactions convert a small amount of matter into a large amount of
energy. (Fission involved the splitting of a large nucleus into smaller nuclei; fusion is the joining of
two small nuclei into a larger nucleus at extremely high energies).
(9-PS-F15) trace the transformations of energy within a system (e.g., chemical to electrical to
mechanical) and recognize that energy is conserved. Show that these transformations involve the
release of some thermal energy.
For this unit, we will study the concepts of work and power, as well as the
types of energy involved in doing work (potential and kinetic, as well as other forms)
and how work is done to transform that energy from one form to another. We will
look at real life scenarios and calculate the amount of kinetic, gravitational potential
energy or elastic potential energy involved. We will also look at other forms of energy
(light, sound, thermal) and how work is done to change energy from one form to
another while conserving the total amount of energy. We will discuss the efficiency of
systems…the amount that is “lost” due to friction and how to improve it.
There are two parts to the assessment for this unit. One is a mixed format
test….multiple choice questions, problems, short answer, diagrams, etc. The second
is a project about your wooden car. You’ll be making some changes, re-running it,
then reporting on its motion (ch 10), Forces (ch 11) and Energy (ch 12).
Vocab
+ if you’re an expert (can explain to someone else)
 if you’ve heard of it (and know a little)
0 if you’ve never heard of it
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work
Joules
simple machine
gravitational
potential energy
mechanical energy
thermal energy
radiant energy
nuclear energy
Law of conservation
of energy
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power
Watts
kinetic energy
elastic potential
energy
sound energy
light energy
electrical energy
efficiency
closed system
open system
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Learning Targets (Skills):
_____ Define/calculate work, including using the correct SI units (ch 12.1)
_____ Define/calculate power, including using the correct SI units (ch 12.1)
_____ Distinguish between situations where work is being done or no work is being
Done (ch 12.1)
_____ Explain the relationship between energy and work (ch 12.3)
_____ Calculate gravitational potential energy, including using the correct SI units
(ch 12.3)
_____ Use gravitational potential energy to predict mass and height of an object
(ch 12.3)
_____ Calculate kinetic energy, including using the correct SI units (ch 12.3)
_____ Use kinetic energy to predict mass and velocity of an object (ch 12.3)
_____ Identify positions associated with maximum and minimum values of kinetic
and gravitational potential energy (ch 12.3)
_____ Distinguish between other forms of energy besides GPE, KE and EPE (ch 12.3)
_____ Solve problems involving energy transfer and conservation requiring you to use
multiple equations simultaneously (i.e. set two of the above energy
equations equal to each other and solve) (ch 12.4)
_____ Identify/describe transformations of energy for a given situation including the
work being done that causes the energy change to occur (ch 12.4)
_____ Trace a sequence of energy transformations for a given situation (ch 12.4)
_____ Explain the Law of Conservation of Energy and apply it to situations (ch 12.4)
_____ Discuss efficiency and how to improve it (ch 12.4)
_____ Identify areas where energy is “lost” and how to minimize that (ch 12.4)