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Transcript
Lab 1 Functional Anatomy of the Endocrine Glands - Exercise 27 Activity 1: Identifying the Endocrine Organs Activity 2: Examining the Microscopic Structure of Endocrine Glands Thyroid gland - colloid-filled follicles, follicle cells, parafollicular cells. Parathyroid gland - chief cells. Adrenal gland - cortex and medulla.. Pancreas - islets of Langerhans and acinar cells. Hormonal Action – Movie - Endocrinology Experiments To access the movie online (via DSL or cable) Massasoit Home Page Massasoit onDemand Course Media Linda Kollett Anatomy and Physiology Audio/Video Banner Login and Password Anatomy and Physiology Video Clips Endocrinology Experiments Name____________________________ Lab Section ________________ Hormonal Action: Wet Lab Movie Movie - Experiments in Hormonal Action Answer the following questions after watching the movie in lab or on Massasoit onDemand at the MCC web site. 1. Pituitary Extract and Frog Ovulation. a. What are the two main hormones of interest in the frog pituitary extract? ________________ and _______________ b. What is the role of pituitary extract in the frog? c. What is the control frog in the experiment? d. Do the data support the hypothesis that pituitary extract is necessary for ovulation? _____ e. Explain your answer. 2. Effects of Hyperinsulinism. a. Describe the fish swimming behavior when it is first put in the water containing insulin. b. Describe the fish swimming behavior after swimming in the insulin and water for a few minutes. c. Where does insulin enter into the fish? d. What does insulin do to blood glucose levels in the fish to cause the observed effect? e. Why does the fish go into a coma? f. Why does the fish recover when it is put in a bowl containing glucose and water? g. Based on this observation, what do you think might happen to a person if the blood glucose level falls precipitously (hypoglycemia) and why ? 3. Epinephrine and the Heart. a. What effect did epinephrine have on the force of heart contraction? Circle one increase decrease no effect b. What effect did epinephrine have on the rate of heart contraction? c. Circle one increase decrease no effect d. What gland releases epinephrine as a hormone? Be as specific as you can. e. What advantage might there be to having the heart rate and force of cont raction increase during the fight or flight response? 4. Acetylcholine and the Heart (ACh is not a hormone in vivo, but this demonstrates the effect of an ANS neurotransmitter on the heart. a. What effect did ACh have on the force of contraction? Circle one increase decrease no effect b. What effect did ACh have on the rate of heart contraction? Circle one increase decrease no effect c. What branch of the ANS releases ACh as a postganglionic fiber neurotransmitter? d. Is the effect agonistic or antagonistic to epinephrine? Circle one agonistic antagonistic Review Sheet Exercise 27 - Functional Anatomy of the Endocrine Glands 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1. Match the labels on the figure with the terms below ____ Adrenal gland ____ Pineal gland ____ Hypothalamus ____ Pituitary gland ____ Ovary ____ Testis ____ Pancreas ____ Thymus ____ Parathyroid gland ____ Thyroid gland 2. What gland or glands release(s) each of the following hormones? ______________________ Parathyroid hormone ______________________ Estrogens and progesterone ______________________ Testosterone ______________________ Many releasing hormones (TRH, CRH, GHRH etc.) ______________________ FSH, LH, GH, ACTH, Prolactin, TSH, ______________________ T-cell stimulating hormones ______________________ Melatonin ______________________ Mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens, epinephrine and norepinephrine ______________________ Insulin and glucagons ______________________ Thyroid hormone 3. Define hormone 4. Define target cell 5. Hormones are carried in the blood. Why don't all tissues respond to all hormones? Note: Information from questions 6 – 11 may appear on the first lecture exam. 6. Classify each of the following hormones as steroid or amino acid-based. Indicate whether the hormone uses the second messenger or direct gene activation mechanism of action. Hormone Molecule Type Amino Steroid acidbased Mechanism of Action Direct gene Second activation messenger Other mechanism Thyroid hormone Growth hormone Insulin Glucagon Aldosterone Cortisone Parathyroid hormone Hormones - Matching (8-9) A Aldosterone B Cortisol C Glucagon D Growth Hormone E Insulin F Parathyroid Hormone G Thyroid Hormone 7. Target Cells or Tissues - Match the hormones and the correct target cells. ____ Liver, muscle, bone, cartilage ____ Body cells/gluconeogenesis, fat mobilization, protein metabolism ____ Osteoclasts (stimulates), kidneys, intestine via activated Vitamin D ____ Kidney tubules ____ Body cells/ role in metabolic rate regulation, growth and development ____ Liver ____ Muscle and fat cells, but NOT liver, kidney and brain 8. Stimulus for Release - Match the stimulus for release listed below with the correct hormone. A Aldosterone B Calcitonin C Cortisol D Glucagon E Growth Hormone F Insulin G Parathyroid Hormone H Thyroid Hormone ____ Rising levels of blood glucose, amino acids and fatty acids ____ Falling levels of blood glucose ____ Low sodium, high potassium, renin-angiotensin mechanism ____ ACTH release ____ Low blood calcium levels ____ Increasing levels of TSH ____ GHRH release, hypoglycemia, exercise etc. 10. Blood glucose levels are normally maintained from 70-120 mg/dl. Describe the role of negative feedback in maintaining homeostasis of blood glucose. 6 points