Download Classical Greece Test Review Name: #______ Date: Classical

Classical Greece
Test Review
Name: ________________________ #______
I.
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1.
2.
3.
Date: _________________
Classical period
Brought us:
The Parthenon
Greek Tragedy
Historians such as Herodotus and Hippocrates
II.
Persian Wars
 The Persian Wars were a series of wars fought between the Persians and the
Greeks (Athens and Sparta) from 492 BC to 449 BC.
 It started in Turkey and stretched all the way to the ancient Indus River
Valley.
 The Persians sent warriors to the Greek peninsula to squash the Greeks.
 They attempted three times to conquer the Greeks at the famous battles
of Marathon, Thermopylae, and Salamis. Each time, the Greeks drove them
away.
 Xerxes, the Persian King, could not believe that the tiny Greeks had
defeated his capable warriors.
 Xerxes got mad. sent a huge number of Persian ships to the Greek
peninsula.
 Instead, Xerxes watched his own men die. The Greeks had small ships.
 Those Persians who made it to shore were met by the terrifying Spartan
army.
III.
Rise of Athens
 After the battle the end of the Persian Empire marked the beginning of the
Athenian political, economic, and cultural dominance.
IV.
End of Autocracy
 government in which one person has uncontrolled or unlimited authority
over others; the government or power of an absolute monarch.
 The peoples as noble men overthrown the autocratic tyrants and devised
a new system of self-governance called demorkkatia.
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In Cleisthenes demokkratia system every male citizen older than 18 was
eligible to Join the Ekklecia or assembly governing of Athens.
Other legislators were chosen randomly
V.
Delian League
 Alliance of Greek city states led by Athens to liberate Greece from the
Persians.
 Greece had victories in the battles of Marathon, Salamis, and Plataea.
 To protect Greek territories, Athens organized a confederacy of Alliances
called the Delian League.
 Athens was the one in charge.
VI.
Athens under Pericles
 Athenian General Pericles consolidated his own power by using all the
tribute money to serve rich and poor citizens.
 Generals were among the only public officials in Athens who were elected.
 They could not keep their job for more than one year.
 Pericles paid wages to jurors and members of the Ekklesia so that everyone
could participate in demokkratia.
VII. Democracy and the Demos
 Herodotus said “there is, first, that most splendid of virtues, equality before
the law.”
 Cleisthenes demokkratia abolished the political distinction between the
Athenian aristocrats who had monopolized the political-decision making
process was based on the military and middle class people who made the
army and navy.
VIII. Ekklesia, Boule, Dikasteria
 the ekklesia (Legislative), a sovereign governing body that wrote laws and
dictated foreign policy. Meetings were held 40 times a year, in an
auditorium called the Pryx. Only men attended approximately 40,000.
Ostracism in which a citizen could be expelled from Athens for 10 years.
 the boule (Executive) a council of representatives from the ten Athenian
tribes. 500 men attended, 50 from each Athenian Tribe, chosen randomly.
Supervised workers, in charge of navy ships, and horses.
 the dikasteria, the popular courts in which citizens argued cases before a
group of lottery-selected jurors. Every day more than 500 jurors were chosen
by lot from a pool of citizens over 30 years old. Aristotle said that it
contributed with the strength of democracy.
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IX.
End of democracy
 Under the rule of Pericles, the democracy evolved into something called
aristocracy.
 But ever since the democracy has inspired many governments.
X.
Art and Architecture
 Pericles used the tribute money to support Athenian artist and thinkers.
 He paid to rebuild that parts of Athens that were destroyed by the Persians.
 The result was the Parthenon a new temple for Athena, also they built
temples in Hephaestus, Poseidon concert Hall and the temple of Poseidon
in Attica.
 Pericles paid for the annual production of comedic and dramatic plays at
the Acropolis.
 To support this many people payed a tax, know as Liturgy which supported
the arts.
 Some people known were: Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, they
depicted the religion between Gods and men, citizens and Polis, and Tate
& Justice, these plays epitomize the cultural achievements of classical
Greece.
 Athenians were defined by logic, pattern, order, faith, humanism, these
attributes are associated with the arts, cultures, and politics of the era.
XI.
Peloponnesian War
 Peloponnesian War, (431–404 be), war fought between the two leading
city-states in ancient Greece, Athens, and Sparta. Each stood at the head
of alliances that, between them, included nearly every Greek city-state.
 In the wake of the Persian retreat, however, Athens grew more powerful
and tensions rose, escalating into nearly three decades of war.
 Sparta emerged victorious, while the constant fighting left Athens bankrupt,
exhausted and demoralized. Neither city-state regained the military
strength they once had.
XII. Alexander the Great
 Son of King Philip and Queen Olympia.
 Titular by Aristotle and 18 defeated the Athenian and Trojan army.
 When his father died, he became king leader of the Corinthian league.
 He conquered Persia, Egypt, his kingdom ranged from the Mediterranean
to the border of India.
 At 32 he died from Malaria, he was a brilliant military leader.
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