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Classical Greece Test Review Name: ________________________ #______ I. 1. 2. 3. Date: _________________ Classical period Brought us: The Parthenon Greek Tragedy Historians such as Herodotus and Hippocrates II. Persian Wars The Persian Wars were a series of wars fought between the Persians and the Greeks (Athens and Sparta) from 492 BC to 449 BC. It started in Turkey and stretched all the way to the ancient Indus River Valley. The Persians sent warriors to the Greek peninsula to squash the Greeks. They attempted three times to conquer the Greeks at the famous battles of Marathon, Thermopylae, and Salamis. Each time, the Greeks drove them away. Xerxes, the Persian King, could not believe that the tiny Greeks had defeated his capable warriors. Xerxes got mad. sent a huge number of Persian ships to the Greek peninsula. Instead, Xerxes watched his own men die. The Greeks had small ships. Those Persians who made it to shore were met by the terrifying Spartan army. III. Rise of Athens After the battle the end of the Persian Empire marked the beginning of the Athenian political, economic, and cultural dominance. IV. End of Autocracy government in which one person has uncontrolled or unlimited authority over others; the government or power of an absolute monarch. The peoples as noble men overthrown the autocratic tyrants and devised a new system of self-governance called demorkkatia. WWW.JUNIORSASR.WORDPRESS.COM 1 In Cleisthenes demokkratia system every male citizen older than 18 was eligible to Join the Ekklecia or assembly governing of Athens. Other legislators were chosen randomly V. Delian League Alliance of Greek city states led by Athens to liberate Greece from the Persians. Greece had victories in the battles of Marathon, Salamis, and Plataea. To protect Greek territories, Athens organized a confederacy of Alliances called the Delian League. Athens was the one in charge. VI. Athens under Pericles Athenian General Pericles consolidated his own power by using all the tribute money to serve rich and poor citizens. Generals were among the only public officials in Athens who were elected. They could not keep their job for more than one year. Pericles paid wages to jurors and members of the Ekklesia so that everyone could participate in demokkratia. VII. Democracy and the Demos Herodotus said “there is, first, that most splendid of virtues, equality before the law.” Cleisthenes demokkratia abolished the political distinction between the Athenian aristocrats who had monopolized the political-decision making process was based on the military and middle class people who made the army and navy. VIII. Ekklesia, Boule, Dikasteria the ekklesia (Legislative), a sovereign governing body that wrote laws and dictated foreign policy. Meetings were held 40 times a year, in an auditorium called the Pryx. Only men attended approximately 40,000. Ostracism in which a citizen could be expelled from Athens for 10 years. the boule (Executive) a council of representatives from the ten Athenian tribes. 500 men attended, 50 from each Athenian Tribe, chosen randomly. Supervised workers, in charge of navy ships, and horses. the dikasteria, the popular courts in which citizens argued cases before a group of lottery-selected jurors. Every day more than 500 jurors were chosen by lot from a pool of citizens over 30 years old. Aristotle said that it contributed with the strength of democracy. WWW.JUNIORSASR.WORDPRESS.COM 2 IX. End of democracy Under the rule of Pericles, the democracy evolved into something called aristocracy. But ever since the democracy has inspired many governments. X. Art and Architecture Pericles used the tribute money to support Athenian artist and thinkers. He paid to rebuild that parts of Athens that were destroyed by the Persians. The result was the Parthenon a new temple for Athena, also they built temples in Hephaestus, Poseidon concert Hall and the temple of Poseidon in Attica. Pericles paid for the annual production of comedic and dramatic plays at the Acropolis. To support this many people payed a tax, know as Liturgy which supported the arts. Some people known were: Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, they depicted the religion between Gods and men, citizens and Polis, and Tate & Justice, these plays epitomize the cultural achievements of classical Greece. Athenians were defined by logic, pattern, order, faith, humanism, these attributes are associated with the arts, cultures, and politics of the era. XI. Peloponnesian War Peloponnesian War, (431–404 be), war fought between the two leading city-states in ancient Greece, Athens, and Sparta. Each stood at the head of alliances that, between them, included nearly every Greek city-state. In the wake of the Persian retreat, however, Athens grew more powerful and tensions rose, escalating into nearly three decades of war. Sparta emerged victorious, while the constant fighting left Athens bankrupt, exhausted and demoralized. Neither city-state regained the military strength they once had. XII. Alexander the Great Son of King Philip and Queen Olympia. Titular by Aristotle and 18 defeated the Athenian and Trojan army. When his father died, he became king leader of the Corinthian league. He conquered Persia, Egypt, his kingdom ranged from the Mediterranean to the border of India. At 32 he died from Malaria, he was a brilliant military leader. WWW.JUNIORSASR.WORDPRESS.COM 3