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Name:___________________ Teacher: _____ Topic:_______EGYPT-Section 1-_______ Class/Period_______ Date:____/____/ “Geography and Early Egypt”(88) Nile River Longest river in the world cataracts (89) rapids *delta (89) a triangle shaped area of land made from soil deposited from a river.>2/3 of Egypt farmland. *Upper Egypt Lower Egypt bottom top (because river runs south to north!!!) *Mesopotamia Egypt needed basins of stored water for irrigation No basins/ used canals to redirect water *Natural barriers A) deserts to the west B) Mediterranean sea to the north C) desert + Red Sea D) Nile cataracts (rapids) to the south *Mene’s accomplishments Pharaoh (91) dynasty (91) 1) unify Upper/Lower Egypt 2) first Pharaoh rulers of Egypt.---“great house” series of rulers from the same family *Unification of Egypt *double crown (red/white) >Summary > Name:___________________ Teacher: Class/Period: ________ Date:____/____/ _______ Old Kingdom century *Old Kingdom Topic;___EGYPT-Section 2 (93) *Pharoah both king and god sent to manage Egypt for the other gods absolute power over all land/people *People blamed Pharoah…why? demanded Pharoah…what? “The Old Kingdom” third dynasty 100 years 500 years, 2700 B.C.-2200 A.D. 1) bringing disease 2) crops did not grow 1) prevent wars 2) make trade profitable $$$ *1) Pharoah 2) Nobles 3) Scribes/Craftspeople 4) Farmers/Servant/Slave Ruled Egypt as god Officials/priests help run gov./temples Wrote/produced goods Most people in this category Khufu Egyptian population *Cause><Effect Why?... most famous pharaoh 2 million people growing population = social classes a well ordered society keeps kingdom strong*********** nobles (94) *Large Lower Class advantage disadvantage >Summary Which social class would you prefer to belong to? people from rich or powerful families 80% = lower class (farmer/slave/servant) +plenty of food and labor -possible rebellion against king > I would prefer to be apart of the… because Name:___________________ Teacher: _____ Class/Period: Date:____/____/ *Re / Amon Re Osiris Isis Horus Thoth Geb polytheism *Who would a scribe have prayed to? *after life (96) *ka (96) Topic;___EGYPT-Section 2 “The Old Kingdom” Sun god god of underworld god of magic sky god, god of pharaohs (has head of a bird) god of wisdom earth god worship of more than one god god of wisdom / Thoth life after death an ideal world where everyone is young / happy 1) a person’s life force 2) leaves the body as a spirit after death 3) remains linked to the body & can not leave burial site 4) has all the same living needs (eat,sleep,fun) (this is why they filled the tombs w/clothing, tools, jewelry weapons, and food) *the body had to be preserved if decayed, it’s spirit could not recognize it the ka would not be able to receive food/drink mummies (96) *--embalming specially treated bodies wrapped in cloth >>preserves a dead body for many years! 1) open body, remove organs….except heart! 2) organs stored in jars 3) wrapped dried body in bandages 4) place in coffin (sarcophagus) > >Summary Name:___________________ Topic;___EGYPT-Section 2 Teacher: Class/Period: ___ “The Old Kingdom” Date:____/____/ ______ How pyramids were built? *largest pyramid (2 million limestone blocks!-WOW) the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. (Using science to build stuff-COOL!) were paid 100,000 scientists not exactly sure! Whoa! -how did they move the huge blocks? …symbolizes Pharoah’s journey to afterlife People believed their own fate in the afterlife depended on the Pharoah’s afterlife. Pyramid texts (199) pyramids (98) *… *Pyramid points to the sky Why did the Egyptians want magic spells / songs on Pharoah’s tomb. (People say the tombs are haunted…could this be why The Egyptians want the pyramids to be spectacular? Name:___________________ Teacher: Class/Period Date:____/____/_______ Middle Kingdom Cause><Effect 160 years Middle Kingdom HYKSOS New Kingdom Topic;___EGYPT-Section 3 “THE MIDDLE & NEW KINGDOM” wealth/power of pharaohs declined (goes down) *Nobles begin to challenge pharaohs Nobles come to power><Old Kingdom falls no central ruler a pharaoh defeats his rivals 1750 BC conquered Lower Egypt=200 years Egyptians fight back…and WINS! Ahmose of Thebes declares himself king of Egypt. NEW KINGDOM the point at which Egypt reached the height of its power and glory 1550-1050 BC 1) Hyksos invaded Egypt 2) Egypt kicks Hyksos out 3) Egypt takes control of invasion routes out of FEAR of being invaded again. 4) This turns Egypt into an Empire TRADE Conquest (taking over other countries) brought Egyptian traders into contact w/ more distant lands. trade routes Queen Hatshepsut paths, followed by traders ruler who increased+ Egyptian trade >used $$$ from trade to build: -arts –architecture –temples –monuments >Summary > Name:___________________ Teacher: _____ Topic;___EGYPT-Section 3 Class/Period: __ Date:____/____/______ “THE MIDDLE & NEW KINGDOM” What weakened the new fighting on several fronts/sides, including invasions kingdom? of the Hittites & the Sea People. The New Kingdom was the peak of Egyptian trade & military power, BUT their greatness did not last. population grows so…. people take on different jobs What kinds of writing did scribes do.. kept records, accounts for the state, copied religious & literary texts Why did the pharaoh value talented---architect? Having well-designed pyramids & temples made pharaoh POWERFUL, and according to Egyptian religion, ensured a happy afterlife. What special challenge faced artists who painted a pharoah’s burial chamber? No natural light reached the burial chamber, so artists had to work by torchlight /candle Who made up the lower class and the majority farmers & peasants How did some people become convicted criminals or prisoners captured in war enslaved in Egypt. Women Had rights 1) could divorce their husbands 2) own property 3) make contracts (legal agreement) 4) become priestesses >Summary > Name:___________________ Teacher: Topic;___EGYPT-Section 4 Class/Period: __ Date:____/____/_______ “Egyptian Achievements” www.guardians.net/egypt/hieroglyphs/hiero-translator.ht Hieroglyphics Egyptian writing system (3300 BC) What did each symbol in the One or more sounds in Egyptian language hieroglyphic system represent -600 symbols ? -could be written left to right / right to left horizontally or vertically papyrus advantage> advantage long lasting, paper-like material made from reeds -made by pressing layers of reeds together & pounding them into sheets -easy to roll into scrolls, durable (tough) -made of readily available material -scribes wrote on papyrus w/brushes & ink Rosetta Stone Cause Effect a huge stone slab inscribed w/ hieroglyphics >it also included Greek <allowing scholars who could read Greek, to figure out what the hieroglyphics said! Finally! Egypt Temples Why do people visit? homes of the gods. 1) to worship 2) offer gifts to gods 3) ask favors sphinxes imaginary creatures w/bodies of lions & heads of animals or humans obelisk Why is it pointing up? sanctuary a tall four sided pillar that is pointed on top -leading the way to the afterlife most sacred part of the temple 4 common subjects of Egyptian paintings Important people seen from the side shown straight on Why was the discovery of King Tut’s tomb important? 1) crowning of kings 2) founding of temples 3) religious rituals 4) scenes of everyday life >appear bigger (Pharoahs) heads and legs upper bodies It had never been disturbed by tomb robbers