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Introduction To Anatomy
Anatomy and Physiology
• Anatomy is a fun and interesting
topic to study
• It tells us how we function and
live in the world
• However many people often
confuse anatomy with
physiology
• Anatomy is the study of physical
structures of the body
• Anatomy means “cut open” in
Greek
Anatomy and Physiology
• Anatomy is generally broken into
two different sections
• Gross anatomy describes
structures that can be seen with
the naked eye
• Microscopic anatomy deals with
structures that cannot be seen
without instruments or
modification
Anatomy and Physiology
• However people cannot not live
on physical structures alone
• Physiology is the study of how
the physical structures function
• This course will combine the
elements of anatomy and
physiology together to give a
greater understanding of the
human body
Medical Terms
Beware!!!
This course uses A LOT of medical terminology
Medical Terms
• This course will use terms and
terminology that are designed to
make things simple
• Until you get used to the system
it might seem like it is much
harder
• Many medical terms use prefixes
and suffixes
• They also use word parings that
describe form, function and
position in the body
Medical Terms
• To give an example
• The term “cardiac” refers to the
heart
• Veins carry blood to the heart
• The term “great” can mean
uppermost or largest
• The great cardiac vein is the
largest vein on the heart
• It carries deoxygenated blood
from heart tissue back to the
heart
Medical Terms
• There are some common
medical terms that you will need
to identify during this course
• The basics are important to
understand because they are key
to discovering where thing are in
the body
• Keep that in mind while I assault
you with vocabulary
Medical Terms
Term
Refers To…
Term
Refers To…
Cephalic
Head
Pulmonary
Lungs
Brachial
Arm
Hepatic
Liver
Cervical
Neck
Gastric
Stomach
Nasal
Nose
Cardiac
Heart
Oral
Mouth
Dermal
Skin
Levels of Organization
• In anatomy and physiology it is
important to understand how
life is organized
• Different types of small
structural materials make up the
larger structures of the body
• We need to know how the body
is built in order to understand
how it works
Levels of Organization
• I often compare it to a house
• While a house is a whole
structure, it is made of different
things
• Wood and dry wall make up
walls
• Walls make up rooms
• Rooms make up floors
• Floors make up your house
Levels of Organization
• The smallest level is the atomic
level
• The atomic level is made up of
atoms
• These atoms are by themselves
or can make up small chemicals
• Many of these small chemicals
carry out important body
functions
Levels of Organization
• Atoms combine to form the
cellular level
• This level is composed of
individual cells
• On the cellular level we study
the individual cells job in the
body
Levels of Organization
• The next largest level is the
tissue level
• A tissue is a group of similar and
interacting cells
• These cells will perform one or
more functions to help the body
Levels of Organization
• The organ level is the next
largest level or organization
• An organ is a group of tissues
that collectively work together
to perform many different
functions
• These organs generally perform
vital functions and several we
cannot live without
Levels of Organization
• The organ system level is the
largest level that we will study in
anatomy
• Organ systems are groups of
organs that interact to perform a
particular function
• There are only a handful of
organ systems in the body
• When organ systems work
together they make up an
organism
Organ Systems
• There are 12 major organ
systems that we will study in this
class
• You will have to know about
each and every one of them
• Several you may have heard of
before and some you may have
never heard of
Organ Systems
Name of System
Major Organs
Major Function(s)
Other Function(s)
Skeletal
Bones, Connective Tissue, Support and protect
Marrow
Mineral storage, make
blood cells
Muscular
Skeletal muscle, Tendons
Move the body
Generates heat
Nervous
Brain, Spine, Sense
Organs, Nerves
Respond to the world around
you, regulate the body
Coordinate multiple
organs
Endocrine
Pituitary Gland, Thyroid
Gland, Pancreas
Directs changes in the body,
sends signals
Adjusts metabolic activity
Cardiovascular
Heart, Blood Vessels,
Blood
Distributes blood to the body
Reallocates heat
Integumentary
Skin, Hair, Sweat Glands
Protects against environment
Helps regulate body
temperature, provide
sensory information
Organ Systems
Name of System
Major Organs
Major Function(s)
Other Function(s)
Lymphatic
Spleen, Thymus, Lymph
Nodes
Defense against infection
and disease
Return tissue fluids to
blood stream
Respiratory
Lungs, Trachea, Larynx
Deliver O2, Remove CO2
from the body
Produce audible sounds
for communication
Digestive
Stomach, Small and large
Intestine, Liver
Breakdown and absorb
food into the body
Store energy reserves,
fight disease
Urinary
Kidneys, Bladder, Ureters
Remove waste products
from the blood
Control blood pH and ion
levels, control liquid levels
Reproductive (male)
Testes, Prostate Gland,
Penis
Produce male sex cells and Sexual intercourse
hormones
Reproductive (female)
Ovaries, Uterus, Mammary Produce female sex cells
Glands
and hormones, support
developing embryo
Provide nourishment to
newborns, sexual
intercourse
Video
• http://video.nationalgeographic.
com/video/101-videos/humanbody-sci
Organ Systems