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Cellular Respiration Mr. Graham Harvesting Energy from Food! • Many organisms harvest the energy stored in foods. Cellular respiration is a chemical reaction that uses oxygen to convert the chemical energy stored in organic molecules into ATP. ATP • Adenosine triphosphate – it is the source of energy used for most cellular work. • When we take in food, ADP is converted to ATP in the process of cellular respiration. • When our cells use this energy, ATP is converted to ADP. What can ATP be used for? • ATP can be used for: – Moving a Muscle Protein – Building Large Molecules – Active Transport Synthesis and Active Transport Aerobic Cellular Respiration • Aerobic = with oxygen • Occurs in the mitochondria • The use of oxygen releases more energy per glucose molecule than anaerobic = without oxygen • Uses oxygen but releases carbon dioxide and water SUMMARY EQUATION: Cellular Respiration • Cellular Respiration is an aerobic process, meaning that it requires oxygen. Both plant and animal cells carry out the final stages of cellular respiration in the mitochondria. Intermembrane Mitochondrion space Outer membrane Animal Cells Plant Cells Inner membrane Matrix Cellular Respiration • There are three parts of cellular respiration. They are glycolysis, krebs cycle, and electron tranport system. STAGES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION • Respiration occurs in three main stages High-energy electrons carried by NADH GLYCOLYSIS Cytoplasmic fluid KREBS CYCLE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN Mitochondrion Cellular Respiration Glycolysis 2ATP Produced Cytoplasm Krebs Cycle 2ATP Produced Mitochondria Electron Transport System 34 ATP Mitochondria Fermentation is an anaerobic alternative to aerobic respiration • Process operates by means of chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes in cytoplasm of cell • Primary mode of energy production for some bacteria and fungi (yeast) • use glycolysis alone to produce small amounts of ATP • Important in production of foods such as cheese, buttermilk, yogurt, alcohol, (wine/beer) and bread • 2 types: 1. alcohol & 2. lactic acid Fermentation • Some organisms can ferment glucose to make energy. This is a form of anaerobic respiration. • The products of fermentation depend upon the type of organism. Some yeast ferment sugar and make alcohol as a by product. • What is a problem with fermentation? Lactic Acid Fermentation • When oxygen levels decrease, your muscles make energy using lactic acid fermentation. The by product of this fermentation is 2ATP and lactic acid. How do microbes help us? • Bacteria and fungi are used to tranform milk into yogurt and cheese. The sharpness or sour flavor of yogurt is due to lactic acid. Comparing photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration