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Unit 1 Biology 2012
Name: ______________________
Teacher’s Name:
GLS
MAN AYR
ST. COLUMBA’S COLLEGE
YEAR 11 BIOLOGY EXAM
Unit 1
SEMESTER 1
2012 MID-YEAR EXAM
Reading Time: 10 minutes
Writing Time: 90 minutes
Structure of Booklet
Section
Section A: Multiple Choice
Section B: Short Answer
Marks
45
55
TOTAL
100
Instructions
Write your name and circle your teacher’s name at the top of this booklet.
Students are allowed to bring in pens, pencils, ruler and sharpener. No calculators are
allowed.
Circle Multiple Choice answers on the Answer Sheet provided. Answer all Multiple Choice
questions.
Answer Short Answer questions in the spaces provided. Answer all Short Answer questions.
are 8 short answer Questions
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Unit 1 Biology 2012
Multiple Choice Section
Question 1.
Powerful owls are nocturnal, carnivorous birds that feed on marsupials, such as sugar gliders and ringtail
possums. They are unable to digest the fur and bones of these animals and regurgitate through their mouth a
pellet that contains this material. Biologists wishing to study the feeding habits of collect these pellets for study.
By examining these pellets, biologists can determine the
A. autotrophs that owls consume.
B. proportion of different heterotrophs in the diet of powerful owls.
C. time of day when powerful owls feed.
D. effect of predators on powerful owls.
Question 2.
Figure 1 shows the digestive tract of a horse.
Figure 1
In the horses digestive tract, most of the mechanical digestion would occur in the
A. mouth.
B. stomach.
C. small intestine.
D. large intestine.
Use the following information to answer Questions 3 and 4.
The Arum lily, Amorphophallus titanum, is an unusual plant. It consists of a large underground tuber that
periodically sends up a single, short-lived leaf. In old plants, the tubers may reach over 50 kilograms in weight.
An analysis of the tuber shows that it is largely composed of starch.
Question 3.
If the starch from the tuber was chemically digested in the gut of a specialized herbivore and absorbed, it would
enter the bloodstream as
A. amino acids.
B. cellulose.
C. sucrose.
D. glucose.
Question 4.
The starch in the tuber has been produced as a result of
A. photosynthesis occurring in the cells of the tuber.
B. photosynthesis occurring in the cells of the leaf.
C. respiration occurring in the cells of the tuber.
D. respiration occurring in the cells of the leaf.
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Unit 1 Biology 2012
Question 5.
Moss animals belong to the phylum, Bryozoa. They grow on a rocky substrate and form colonies that resemble
seaweed. Many people mistake them for plants. Which of the following would be the best strategy to determine
if an unknown organism was a plant or an animal?
A. Determine the colour of the organism.
B. Determine how the organism obtains organic matter.
C. Determine whether the organism can build proteins from amino acids.
D. Determine whether the organism can move.
The following information relates to Questions 6 and 7.
Figure 2 shows part of the cell membrane of an animal cell.
Region Y
Region X
Figure 2
Question 6.
In Figure 2,
A. Region X represents phospholipids and Region Y represents sugars.
B. Region X represents a protein channel and Region Y represents phospholipids.
C. Region X represents sugars and Region Y represents phospholipids.
D. Region X represents phospholipids and Region Y represents a protein channel.
Question 7.
A water-soluble molecule, such as glucose, would
A. normally cross the cell membrane through Region X.
B. normally cross the cell membrane through Region Y.
C. need to broken down into simpler molecules before it can cross the cell membrane.
D. not be able to cross the cell membrane.
Question 8.
Which of the following shapes is best adapted for efficient gas exchange? (All shapes have the same volume)
A. Sphere
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B. Cube
C. Cylinder
D. Sheet
Unit 1 Biology 2012
Question 9.
A cell in the root tip of an onion plant was dividing. The amount of DNA in the cell was measured at the
beginning of this process and at the end when two cells had been formed. Figure 3 shows the results of this
analysis. Four stages have been labeled.
4
Amount of
DNA in
cell
(arbitrary
units)
2
Figure 3
M
N
P
Q
Time
The S phase of the cell cycle would occur during
A. Stage M.
B. Stage N.
C. Stage P.
D. Stage Q.
Question 10.
In the process of active transport
A. materials move along a concentration gradient with the use of respiratory energy.
B. materials move along a concentration gradient without the use of respiratory energy.
C. materials move against a concentration gradient with the use of respiratory energy.
D. materials move against a concentration gradient without the use of respiratory energy.
Question 11.
In the complete respiration of one glucose molecule, there is a
A. net gain of energy in the form of ATP from the mitochondria only.
B. net gain of energy in the form of ATP from both the mitochondria and cytoplasm.
C. net loss of energy in the form of ATP from the mitochondria only.
D. net loss of energy in the form of ATP from both the mitochondria and cytoplasm.
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Unit 1 Biology 2012
Question 12.
A student observed a symbol from a piece of newsprint under a light microscope. As the student looked down
the microscope, the symbol appeared as shown below.
A second student took the slide off the microscope and looked at the symbol as it appeared on the glass slide.
To the second student, the symbol would appear as
A.
B.
C.
D.
Question 13.
Under an electron microscope, the cell membrane appears as shown below.
Under a light microscope, the cell membrane would appear as
A.
B.
C.
D.
Question 14.
Which of the following animals would have the smallest surface area to volume ratio?
A. A cat.
B. A mouse.
C. An elephant
D. A human.
Question 15.
Carbon dioxide enters a leaf through the
A. stomata.
B. veins in the leaf.
C. chloroplasts.
D. lenticels.
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Unit 1 Biology 2012
Question 16.
Vampire bats drink blood from mammals. Blood is the only food they consume.
It would be expected that a vampire bat would have
A. a well developed caecum.
B. molar teeth suited to grinding food.
C. a relatively short digestive tract compared to a herbivore.
D. cells in its digestive tract that secrete cellulase.
Question 17.
A compound that would be found in some plant cells but never in animal cells is
A. glucose
B. an amino acid
C. chloroplast
D. chlorophyll
Question 18.
Two compounds found in animal and plant cells are water and carbon dioxide. These two compounds are
A. produced in respiration by both plant and animal cells.
B. used up in respiration by both plant and animal cells.
C. produced in photosynthesis by both plant and animal cells.
D. used up in photosynthesis by both plant and animal cells.
Question 19.
If the stomata of a plant were closed for an extensive period of time, it would be reasonable to conclude that
A. the plant is growing in a well watered position.
B. the plant is not receiving adequate nutrients from the soil.
C. the plant would display an increased rate of growth.
D. the plant would display a decreased rate of growth.
Question 20.
Nitrates are required from the soil by plants
A. as a raw material for photosynthesis.
B. as a source of nitrogen for the manufacture of carbohydrates.
C. as a raw material for respiration.
D. as a source of nitrogen for the manufacture of proteins.
Question 21.
The organism shown opposite is a heterotroph.
It would be reasonable to suggest that the organism
A. needs sunlight to survive.
B. consumes other organisms.
C. carries out photosynthesis.
D. would break down proteins into simple sugars.
Question 22.
Which of the following foods would contain the greatest amount of cellulose?
A. A stick of celery.
B. A meat pie.
C. A glass of coca-cola.
D. A glass of orange juice
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Unit 1 Biology 2012
Question 23
The picture opposite is from the epidermis of a leaf.
The number of guard cells in this picture is
A. 6.
B. 12.
C. 18.
D. 24.
Question 24.
All mammals
A. have pouches.
B. produce milk to feed their young.
C. give birth to live offspring.
D. have canine teeth.
Use the following information to answer Questions 25 to27.
The diagram below shows the digestive tracts of six different mammals. The caecum of each animal is shaded.
Question 25.
Two of the animals are omnivores. These are most likely
A. the zebra and the human.
B. the opossum and the zebra.
C. the kangaroo and the human.
D. the human and the opossum.
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Unit 1 Biology 2012
Question 26.
Three of the animals are hindgut fermenters. These are most likely
A. the zebra, the koala and the human.
B. the opossum, the rabbit and the zebra.
C. the kangaroo, the zebra and the rabbit.
D. the rabbit, the koala and the zebra.
Question 27.
How many of the six animals are foregut fermenters?
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
Question 28.
The dental formula for a flying squirrel is shown below.
It would be reasonable to conclude that
A. flying squirrels would eat meat.
B. male flying squirrels would have larger canine teeth than female flying squirrels.
C. flying squirrels would have 6 molar teeth in their upper jaw.
D. flying squirrels are foregut fermenters.
Question 29.
From the table shown below, which alternative best describes the features of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Answer
A
B
C
D
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Contains a cell
membrane
Both eukaryotic
and prokaryotic
Both eukaryotic
and prokaryotic
Eukaryotic only
Contains a
nucleus
Both eukaryotic
and prokaryotic
Eukaryotic only
Contains DNA
Both eukaryotic
and prokaryotic
Both eukaryotic
and prokaryotic
Both eukaryotic Eukaryotic only
and prokaryotic
Eukaryotic only Eukaryotic only Eukaryotic only
Unit 1 Biology 2012
Question 30
The diagram opposite demonstrates the action of an enzyme.
In the table shown below, which alternative correctly
names the labelled parts of this diagram?
Answer
A
B
C
D
Enzyme
P
P
Q
Q
Substrate
Q
R
R
P
Active Site
R
Q
P
R
Question 31.
The cell shown opposite is undergoing mitosis.
The stage of mitosis shown is
A. telophase.
B. metaphase.
C. anaphase.
D. prophase.
Question 32.
The diagram below shows two mature red blood cells from a mammal.
From your studies in biology this year, it would be reasonable to assume that these two cells
A. each have a nucleus to control their activity.
B. would have a high surface area to volume ratio to maximize the uptake of oxygen.
C. would each contain 46 chromosomes.
D. would be able to divide and develop into nerve cells.
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Unit 1 Biology 2012
Question 33.
The diagram below shows an unstained cell from a green banana.
The white organelles shown in this diagram are
A. leucoplasts.
B. chromoplasts.
C. chloroplasts.
D. elastoplasts.
Question 34.
The specialised function of this cell is to
A. provide part of a protective layer to the developing seeds in the banana.
B. carry out photosynthesis.
C. provide colour to the banana to attract animals.
D. store starch.
Question 35.
The diagram below shows part of a structure found in all cells.
The diagram shown is
A. a protein channel from the cell membrane.
B. composed of amino acids bonded together.
C. the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane.
D. a carbohydrate receptor on the surface of a cell.
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Unit 1 Biology 2012
The following information relates to Questions 36 and 37.
The diagram below shows three ways that substances can enter or leave cells.
Method 1
Method 2
Method 3
Question 36
In this diagram,
A. Method 1 represents simple diffusion, Method 2 represents active transport and Method 3 represents
facilitated diffusion.
B. Method 1 represents facilitated diffusion, Method 2 represents active transport and Method 3 represents
simple diffusion.
C. Method 1 represents active transport, Method 2 represents simple diffusion and Method 3 represents
facilitated diffusion.
D. Method 1 represents active transport, Method 2 represents facilitated diffusion and Method 3 represents
simple diffusion.
Question 37.
The ATP referred to in this diagram would be converted to
A. glucose.
B. ADP.
C. carbon dioxide and water.
D. oxygen.
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Unit 1 Biology 2012
Question 38.
The figure below shows red blood cells after they have been put into three glucose solutions of different
concentrations. Glucose attracts water by osmosis.
Beaker A
Cells Normal
Beaker B
Cells Shrunken
Beaker C
Cells Swollen
Which of the following shows the concentrations of the glucose solutions in the three beakers in order from
most concentrated to most dilute?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Beaker A, Beaker C, Beaker B.
Beaker B, Beaker C, Beaker A.
Beaker C, Beaker B, Beaker A.
Beaker B, Beaker A, Beaker C.
Question 39.
When one glucose molecule is completely respired during respiration
A. ATP is produced in the cytoplasm only.
B. ATP is produced in the mitochondrion only.
C. ATP is produced in both the cytoplasm and the mitochondrion.
D. ATP is not produced in the cytoplasm or mitochondrion.
Question 40.
Some species of mushrooms have been shown to contain small amounts of a protein known as flammutoxin.
This protein is poisonous to the heart and also has the ability to cause red blood cells to burst. In what part of a
mushroom cell would you expect flammutoxin to be made?
A. The cell membrane.
B. The nucleus.
C. A mitochondrion.
D. A ribosome.
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Unit 1 Biology 2012
Question 41.
The dental formula for a skunk is given below.
3131
3132
Using this dental formula, it is possible to conclude that the skunk would have
A. 12 incisor teeth.
B. 2 canine teeth.
C. 18 molar teeth.
D. 18 teeth in its upper jaw.
Question 42.
The animal most likely to have bacteria in its digestive tract that produces cellulase would be
A. a frog that feeds on small insects.
B. a domestic cat that eats tinned meat.
C. a grub that eats the dead wood from trees.
D. a snake that eats mice and frogs.
Question 43.
The photograph below shows the skull of a mammal.
It would be reasonable to assume that this animal
A. ate large amounts of plant food.
B. had a high proportion of protein in its diet.
C. is readily able to digest cellulose.
D. has a well-developed caecum.
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Unit 1 Biology 2012
Question 44.
The picture below shows an organelle from a muscle cell.
It would be expected that this organelle would
A. carry out photosynthesis.
B. produce large amounts of ATP.
C. be present in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
D. produce oxygen as a waste product.
Question 45.
The diagram below shows a cell as seen under the microscope. The diameter of the field of view of the
microscope is 450 um.
Cell
The approximate length of the cell is
A. 450 um.
B. 45 um.
C. 150 um.
D. 900 um.
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Unit 1 Biology 2012
Short Answer Section
Question 1.
Table 1 lists some of the important organic molecules found in cells and their building blocks.
a. What element do all organic compounds contain?
_________________________________________________ (1 mark)
b. Fill in the blank spaces shown in Table 1.
Biomacromolecule
Protein
Table 1
Building Blocks (monomers)
Complex Carbohydrates
(Polysaccharides)
Nucleotides
Fatty acids and glycerol
(2 marks)
c. Give an example of a complex carbohydrate found in a plant cell.
______________________________________________ (1 mark)
d. Name four elements that you would expect to find in all proteins.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________ (1 mark)
e. Photosynthesis and respiration are two key processes that occur in cells. Fill in the table below by writing
Yes or No in the blank spaces. An example has been completed.
Process
Photosynthesis
Requires Light
(Yes or No)
(example)
Yes (example)
Respiration
No (example)
Overall reaction is
catabolic
(Yes or No)
Involves a stage
called glycolysis
(Yes or No)
(2 marks)
Total = 7 marks
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Unit 1 Biology 2012
Question 2.
The diagram below shows a cross section of a typical leaf.
A
B
C
D
a. Name the parts of the leaf labeled A to D in the spaces below.
A. _____________________________ B. ___________________________
C. _____________________________ D. ___________________________
(2 marks)
b. What is the function of the part of the leaf labeled A?
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________ (1 mark)
c. Suggest why stomata are not present on the upper surface of the leaf. Justify your answer.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________ (2 marks)
d. State two changes that you might expect to see in this leaf if it came from a plant growing in the desert.
1. ___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
Total = 7 marks
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Unit 1 Biology 2012
Question 3.
Wood from trees contains large amounts of cellulose. Many species of termites eat wood but are unable to
produce the enzyme necessary to digest cellulose.
a. Name the enzyme that can digest cellulose.
________________________________ (1 mark)
The picture opposite shows a
protozoan found in the
digestive tract of a termite.
b. Suggest why termites benefit from having these protozoans in their digestive tract.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________ (1 mark)
c. What term describes the relationship between the termite and the protozoan?
_____________________________________ (1 mark)
d. Would you expect these protozoans to be capable of movement? Justify your answer.
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________ (1 mark)
Total = 4 marks
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Unit 1 Biology 2012
Question 4
The diagram below shows a model of the plasma membrane.
J
K
.
a. Name components labelled J and K.
(2 marks)
b. Active transport occurs through structure K.
Give a key difference between this process and facilitated diffusion.
(1 mark)
c. i. Through which part of the plasma membrane does O2 enter the cell?
(1 mark)
ii. By what type of transport does it enter the cell?
(1 mark)
iii. For what cellular process is oxygen required?
(1 mark)
iv. Give the generalised word equation for this process.
(2 marks)
Total 8 marks
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Unit 1 Biology 2012
Question 5.
The common ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus perigrinus) is a marsupial native to eastern Australia and the
south west of Western Australia. Its diet consists mainly of eucalypt leaves and the leaves and flowers of other
plants.
a. Why can all marsupials be regarded as heterotrophs?
(1 mark)
The digestive tract of the common ringtail possum is shown in the figure below.
Mouth
Anus
b. Name the parts of the digestive tract that are labeled
i.
A ____________________________________
ii.
B ____________________________________
iii.
C ____________________________________ (3 marks)
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Unit 1 Biology 2012
c. Why can a common ringtail possum be regarded as a hind-gut fermenter?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________ (2 marks)
When it is active at night, fluids that are high in nutrients are moved back into the the caecum. Large particles
that have little nutritional value are excreted through the anus in the form of hard, dry, faecal pellets. During
the day, the common ringtail possum curls up in a ball in its nest. During this time, the contents of the caecum
are excreted from the anus. These faecal pellets are soft and are eaten by the common ringtail possum.
d. Describe two differences in the nutritional content of the pellets released during the night compared to those
released during the day.
Difference 1: _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Difference 2 _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
e. Describe two features of the dentition of a common ringtail possum that is consistent with its diet of leaves
and flowers.
Feature 1 _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Feature 2 _____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________ (2 marks)
Total = 10 marks
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Unit 1 Biology 2012
Question 6.
A student observed the following structure from a multicellular organism.
a. Name a multicellular organism that would possess this structure.
__________________________________ (1 mark)
b. Would you expect this structure to come from a prokaryotic or eukaryotic organism? Justify your answer.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________ (1 mark)
c. Briefly describe how you would expect this structure to change during the day if the weather was very hot
and dry.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________ (2 mark)
d. Refer to the change mentioned in your answer to Part c. What effect would this have on the organism’s
ability to produce organic matter? Justify your answer.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________ (2 marks)
Total = 6 marks
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Unit 1 Biology 2012
Question 7.
The diagram below shows the structure of an enzyme and four molecules (1 to 4) from the cytoplasm of a cell.
Enzyme
1
2
3
4
a. Which of the four molecules (1, 2, 3 or 4) is most likely to react with the enzyme? Justify your answer.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
b. If the temperature of the cell dropped from 35 C to 10 C, what effect would this have on the functioning of
the enzyme? Justify your answer.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
c. Why are enzymes necessary in living cells?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
d. The drawing below shows the structure of another enzyme that is active in a human muscle cell. In the box
on the right, draw how this enzyme might appear if the temperature of the muscle cell was raised to 45 C.
(1 mark)
22
Active Site
Unit 1 Biology 2012
(1 mark)
Total = 5 marks
Question 8.
A biologist noticed that the hydrangeas in her garden produced pink flowers in one garden bed and blue flowers
in another garden bed. She measured the pH of the soil and found that the pink flowered hydrangeas were
growing in alkaline soil and the blue flowered hydrangeas were growing in acidic soil. The diagram below
shows a cross section of her garden bed.
Blue Flowers
Pink Flowers
SOIL pH
(acidic)
SOIL pH
(alkaline)
a. Design an experiment to test the hypothesis “that flower colour in Hydrangeas is determined by the pH of the
soil they are growing in.” In your answer, also include the results that would support the hypothesis.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(4 marks)
In a separate experiment, a biologist measured the proportion of tadpoles in pond water that showed
deformities, such as missing toes, when exposed to heavy metals, such as lead, at a range of concentrations.
100
Tadpoles with
deformities (%)
50
0
23
1
2
3
4
5
Concentration of heavy metals
(arbitrary units)
Unit 1 Biology 2012
b. i. What is the independent variable in this experiment?
___________________________________________________________ (1 mark)
ii. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?
___________________________________________________________ (1 mark)
c. State one hypothesis that is supported by the data.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
d. A student stated that “tadpoles only have deformities when exposed to heavy metals.” By referring to the
graph, comment on this statement.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
Total = 8 marks
END OF TASK
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