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Name:___________________ Review for ELA Final Mrs. McAward May 2015 Sec. 1 Kinds of Sentences: p. 138 #____ There are four kinds of sentences: declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory. Declarative Sentence Makes a statement Example: I am tired of winter. End punctuation: period (.) Interrogative Sentence Asks a question Example: Is it snowing? End punctuation: question mark (?) Write your own sentences: Declarative: Remember by- Imperative Sentence Tells or asks someone to do something Example: Wear your scarf. End punctuation: period (.) Exclamatory Sentence expresses strong feeling Example: That poor cat looks frozen! End punctuation: exclamation mark (!) 1._______________________________________________________ 2._______________________________________________________ Imperative: Remember by1._______________________________________________________ 2._______________________________________________________ Interrogative: Remember by1._______________________________________________________ 2._______________________________________________________ Exclamatory: Remember by1._______________________________________________________ 2._______________________________________________________ Sentence and sentence fragment: p.138 A sentence is a group of words that express a complete thought. It has a noun (subject of sentence) and a verb(predicate). Example:__________________________________________________ Non- example: ______________________________________________ A sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It may need a subject or a predicate. “Needs a subject” example of a sentence fragment: _________________________________________________________ “Needs a predicate” example: _________________________________________________________ Sec 2:Complete subjects and complete predicates: p. 140-141 The complete subject of a sentence includes all of the words that tell whom or what the sentence is about. The complete predicate of a sentence includes all the words that tell what the subject does or is. 1. The quiet house became filled with noises. The quiet house – complete subject became filled with noises – complete predicate 2. The children went to the play. The children – complete subject Simple subject _________ went to the play – complete predicate Simple predicate ______________ 3.The fifth grade students learned about Native Americans. Complete subject Simple subject ________________________________________________________ Complete predicate Simple predicate ________________________________________________________ Simple subjects and simple predicates: p.140 The simple subject is the main word or words in the complete subject. Examples: 1. The envelope was addressed to me. 2. The restaurant had great food. The simple predicate is the main word or words in the complete predicate. The simple predicate is also the verb. Examples: 1. The picture was made from newspaper. 2. We had a good time at the dance. Draw one line under the simple subject and circle the simple predicate. A. The museum gives pottery lessons. B. The instructed shows us artifacts from various tribes. C. He talked for five minutes on lacrosse. Compound subjects and compound predicates: p.141 A sentence with a compound subject has two or more simple subjects with the same predicate. The simple subjects are joined by and or or. Carl and Jessie were shopping all day. Mom and Dad were not home yet. Write your own compound subject sentences. 1.________________________________________________________ 2.________________________________________________________ A sentence with a compound predicate has two or more simple predicates with the same subject. The sentences can also be joined by and or or. The children stand and sit on the bus. My mom watches and protects the baby. Write your own compound predicate sentences. 1.________________________________________________________ 2.________________________________________________________ Compound Sentences:p.139 A compound sentence contains two sentences joined by a comma and the words and, or, or but. Examples: 1. The movie seemed short, but it was more than two hours long. 2. It was a thrilling movie, and I hope for a sequel. 3. You can see it again with Dad, or you can stay home with your brother. Write your own three examples of compound sentences. 1. _______________________________________________________ 2._______________________________________________________ 3._______________________________________________________ Correcting Sentence Fragments: A sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. You must add words or phrases to sentence fragments to form complete sentences. (p.138) Examples: 1. Gone for a long time. 2. Came into the kitchen. A run-on sentence joins together two or more sentences that should be written separately. You can correct a run-on sentence by dividing it into separate sentences. You can also fix a run-on sentence by making it into a compound sentence, using and, or, or but. Examples of run-on sentences: 1. In 1803, American bought the Louisiana Purchase the new territory was huge. _________________________________________________________ 2. The Rocky Mountains were dangerous people needed a clear path to the west. _________________________________________________________ 3. Connecting two sentences with and is fine but do not continue to write further ideas because it is incorrect and gets difficult to follow. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Sec 3:Capitalizing and Punctuating Sentences: Every sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with a punctuation mark. See types of sentences for correct punctuation. The Five Rules for Writing Direct Quotations Rule 1 Rule 2 Rule 3 Rule 4 Add quotation marks. Separate Capitalize the Add end source phrase first word of marks. from quote. the direct quotation. Rule 5 Add needed capitalization and punctuation. Use commas toTo set off the name of the person to whom you are speaking. _________________________________________________________ After introductory words and interjections. _________________________________________________________ To separate words or groups of words in a series. _________________________________________________________ To join two related sentences. _________________________________________________________ To separate the name of a city and its state or country. _________________________________________________________ To separate a quote from a source phrase. _________________________________________________________ Between the day of the week and the month – Between the date and the year ________________________________________________________ In friendly letters, after the greeting and closing In business letters, after the closing _________________________________________________________ Sec. 4: Parts of Speech p.142-154 You should review rules for nouns, verbs, and pronouns. You will be asked to choose the nouns, verbs, pronouns, adjective, articles and interjections in sentences. Example: Underline the noun and circle the verb. The quite boy left the park early. 1. Nouns: p. 142-143 definition for a noun :________________________________________ Singular nouns: _________________________________________________________ Plural nouns: _________________________________________________________ Check spelling rules for making nouns plural. Ex. box-boxes, lunch –lunches, child-children, woman-women, knife-knives, leaf-leaves, Common nouns are nouns- ____________________________________ Examples:_________________________________________________ Proper nouns are nouns- _____________________________________ examples__________________________________________________ Write c (common) or p (proper) above each noun below. Capitalize proper nouns. We will be going to a museum called Garvies point. It is in the little village of oyster Bay. The museum is located on the water, called Long island sound. The presentations we will be involved in are on native american Indians. You must bring your own lunch. Miss oliver said, “No, tommy. The bus will not stop at panera bread for lunch.” What does the word possessive mean? __________________________ _______________________________________________________ What is a possessive noun? ___________________________________ Give two examples: _________________________________________ What is a singular possessive noun? _____________________________ What is a plural possessive noun? ______________________________ Write what kind of nouns these are: The boy’s book - ___________ bench’s color __________ loaves’ flavor _______ Men’s band ____________ child’s mother ____________ mice’s food ________ 2. Verbs: p. 196- 205 Define verbs- _____________________________________________ Give three examples- ________________________________________ Action verbs-_____________________________________________ Give three examples and use them in a sentence each. 1. _________-____________________________________________ 2._________ -___________________________________________ 3._________ - __________________________________________ Direct object of the action verb?? 1._______________________________________________________ 2._______________________________________________________ 3._______________________________________________________ Verb tenses- tells when something happens. Give two more examples below. Present-tense – writes, _________, ____________ Past-tense- wrote, ___________, _____________ Future tense- will write, ________________, ______________ Be careful of the spelling of verbs when you change the tense. -Change y to i and add es or es. (try- tries) - word ends in one vowel and a consonant-double consonant and add ed. hop –hopped - words ending in e- drop the e before adding ed Subject- verb agreement Remember that the subject of the sentence is who or what the sentence is about. 1.What is a singular subject? ____________________________________ 2.A singular subject must go with a singular verb and of course the opposite is true ,too.... 3.A singular verb ___________________________________. Vinny (singular subject) loves (singular verb) to play basketball. 4.A singular verb is __________________________________________. 5.A plural verb must then be___________________________________. 6.And a plural verb must go with a _________________ subject. ** The boys (plural subject) love (plural verb) love to play basketball.** Circle the subject and underline the verb. Then write an “s” for singular and “p’ for plural. 7. Tom plays basketball for his school. 8. They enjoy going to dance class. 9. I walk to the games. 10. Amy and Joe remind the group to bring water. Helping Verbs What are helping verbs? _________________________________________________________ Write hv for helping verb or mv for main verb over each verb. 1. The girls will play again tomorrow. 2. Mrs. Redmond drove the kids to school. 3. The Fire Chief may visit the school tomorrow. 4. Everyone agrees to play in the rain. Remember that Mr. Do can help you remember these. Give that chart a good look over. It is still up on Class pages, under verbs. The fill in below. ***The moral of the story is May Be Mr. Do Should Have a Will. Linking Verbs A linking verb links the subject of a sentence to the noun or adjective in the predicate(the state of being verb). The teacher looks happy. Teacher links with happy or teacher =happy My dad is the coach. Dad (subject) = is the coach(predicate) The noun in the predicate is coach . Dad =coach So the word “is” links them and is therefore a linking verb. You try it. Draw an arrow from the subject to the noun or adjective it links with. The circle the linking verb. Do not circle the verb if it is helping another verb. 1. The singers are talented. 2. I will go there tomorrow. 3. The team seems tired. Irregular Verbs *A verb that does not add –d or –ed to form the past tense or past participle. Sarah runs(present tense) - Sarah_____________ (Irregular past tense) She buys (present tense) - She _______________ (Irregular past tense) Her dad teaches (present tense) -He _______________(Irreg past tense) *Past participle of irregular verbs need helping verbs . Sarah has run (Past participle) When saying that Sarah ran in a race in the past you cannot say Sarah run in a race. You say, Sarah has run in the race before. 3. Pronouns What are pronouns? _______________________________________________________ Give three examples. ______________________________________ Now use them in a sentence each. 1. _____________________________________________________ 2. _____________________________________________________ 3._____________________________________________________ Circle the pronoun in each sentence. 4.Can you please put this in the trash? 5.How could they leave the garbage behind? 6.Maggie saw who left it there. 7.She asked the girls to pick it up. 8.The students said the trash was not their garbage. 9.What is the difference between singular pronouns and plural pronouns? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Two examples of each:_____________________________________________ Draw one line under the singular pronouns and two lines under the plural pronouns. 10. Paul thoughtfully cleaned them up. 11. He gathered the empty bottles. 12. We should help him. 13. They stopped playing and helped him. 14. I was surprised at how quickly it was cleaned up. Replace each underlined word or words with a pronoun that matches the noun(s).Write the pronoun on the blank line. 15. Jen and Rob had more work to do. ____________ 16. The teacher gave the recycling bin to Kristen and Fred. ________ 17. Molly sorted the plastic and the glass. ______________ 18. The bin was overflowing with bottles. ___________ 19. “What a great job,” Miss Oliver exclaimed. Fill in the correct pronoun for the underlined words. 20. Miss Oliver praised the students for a job well done. __________ 21. Miss Oliver asked Tom and me to help her. __________ 22. Mr. and Mrs. Price were amazed with the results._________ 23. The students showed the pictures at Recess.__________ 24. My classmates and I discussed the play.______________ Possessive PronounsDescribe possessive pronouns? –Use two examples in as sentence for each. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Contractions – USING Pronoun and verb Write what each means. Use in sentences. 25.It’s -______________ _______________________________________________________ 26.he’s -________ ________ _________________________________________________________ 27.they’re- _____________________ _________________________________________________________ 28.I’m- _____________________ ________________________________________________________ Give 2 examples of character traits using adjectives to describe the personality or attribute(not physical description) of characters from stories we have read. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ What are adjectives? _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Give examples of adjectives_________________________________________________________ Rewrite these using an adjective for every noun in the sentence. Then circle the adjective and underline the noun it describes. The man crossed the street. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Please, pick up the book off the floor. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Circle the proper adjectives : My favorite kind of food is Chinese. Michelangelo is a true Renaissance man. Our vacation plans include exploring the Mexican ruins. Review & use in a sentence each: their, there, they’re__________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ its, it’s___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ your, you’re, _________________________________________________________ where, we’re _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ to, two, too, _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Prefixes and suffixes p 245 _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Greek and Latin roots Ones to remember: _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Transition words p.244 Examples_furthermore,____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________ _______ When do you use them? Write 3 sentences using one in each. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Figurative Language p. 247 personification______________________________________________ Ex: ______________________________________________________ imagery___________________________________________________ Ex: ______________________________________________________ simile_____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ metaphor__________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Onomatopoeia ____________________________________________________ hyperbole_________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Main idea_-Usually found - ____________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Supporting details _________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Summary_________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Citing_evidence_____________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ “Compare/contrast_characters” means_________________________________________________________ words to compare__________________ _________________________________________________________ Primary_sources_____________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Elements0fNonfiction________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Elements of persuasive writing p. 27-states the opinion of the writer and attempts to influence an audience to agree with that opinion _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Write a persuasive paragraph on -Should you be given Summer Reading Assignments? _________________________________________________________