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10.1 – The Rise of
http://uwacadweb.uwyo.edu/religionet/er/islam/index.htm
Mr. Marijanovich
Crestwood High School
World History A
10.1 Objectives
• Describe Arabia before the rise of
Islam.
• Explain how Muhammad began to
unify the Arabian Peninsula under
Islam.
• Identify Islamic beliefs and practices.
Time of Muhammad (570-632 AD)
• During the time of Muhammad, the Arabian
Peninsula was the home of nomadic herders,
traders, and a constant flow of pilgrims.
• Pilgrims – people who travel for religious
reasons.
• Because of the constant movement of people,
the cities of the Arabian peninsula were quite
cosmopolitan, or influenced by many
cultures.
Mecca & Yathrib
• Mecca & Yathrib were the
leading towns in the
Arabian Peninsula.
• Mecca benefited from a
constant flow of pilgrims
that came to worship at the
sacred shrine of Kaaba.
• Kaaba housed the images of
many Arab gods and the
sacred Black Stone.
• The sacred Black Stone was
a meteorite that the Arabs
believed was sent from
heaven.
Life of Muhammad
• 570 AD
- Born in Mecca.
- His parents died when he was young.
- He worked for a wealthy widow named Khadija,
leading trade caravans across the desert to Palestine
and Syria.
• Around 600 AD
-Muhammad marries Khadija.
• Around 610 AD
-While on a religious retreat, he heard the voice of
Gabriel ordering him to “proclaim”, or preach, to all
people.
-The experience frightened him & he returned home.
He told Khadija what had happened. She encouraged
him to accept this mission.
Muhammad’s Revelation
• Muhammad believed that Allah was speaking
to him through Gabriel, and that he was the last
of the prophets.
• The beliefs that Muhammad preached became
known as Islam (submission to the will of
Allah).
• The followers of Islam became known as
Muslims (one who submits to the will of Allah).
Break!
Thumbs up if the answer is true, thumbs down if
the answer is false:
Mecca was not really a place where ideas and
trade flourished, not many people went there.
FALSE!!!
Muhammad had met a peasant named Khadija,
who helped him through his revelations.
FALSE!!! (she was wealthy and higher status)
 Muhammad believed that the angel who had
been talking to him was Gabriel.
TRUE 
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all worship the
same God, they just have different beliefs.
TRUE 
Aftermath of Muhammad’s
Revelation
• Muhammad’s message of one god angered the
people of the town who were afraid to lose the
profitable pilgrim traffic to Mecca.
• After Khadijia dies, Muhammad and his
followers are forced to leave Mecca.
• They went to Yathrib, where he was welcomed
as a respected leader.
• Later the name was changed to Medina, or “city
of the prophet.”
http://www.p12.nysed.gov/ciai/socst/ghgonline/turnpoint/cities6.html
Muhammad Captures Mecca
• The migration from Mecca
to Medina became known as
the hijrah. It is the first year
of the Muslim calendar.
• In 630 A.D., he returned to
Mecca with an army of over
10,000 from Yathrib
followers and laid siege to
the city.
• Mecca’s leaders surrender,
and Muhammad claims the
city of Mecca for Allah.
• He entered the Kaaba,
smashed the images of the
Arab gods, and dedicated the
black stone to God.
http://keep3.sjfc.edu/students/blg08333/e-port/msti260/VLA/Belief%20Systems.html
Muhammad Captures Mecca
(Continued)
• Most Meccans pledge loyalty to Muhammad,
convert to Islam and join the umma, or
Muslim religious community.
• Muhammad died in 632 A.D. at the age of
62.
• At the time of his death, he had done more
than any other to unite the Arabian
peninsula.
Beliefs of Islam
• Five Pillars
1.) Belief in one God & Muhammad is
his prophet
2.) Prayer - 5 times per day facing
Mecca
3.) Charity to the poor and aged
4.) Fasting during the holy month of
Ramadan
5.) Hajj - pilgrimage to Mecca
Beliefs of Islam (Continued)
• Forbidden to eat pork.
• Forbidden to drink alcohol.
• Set Friday aside for communal worship (Muslim holy
day)
• Each Muslim is expected to worship Allah
directly…there are no priests to act as go-betweens.
• The Qur’an – the Muslim holy book that contains the
proclamations of Muhammad. These are directives that
came to Muhammad from Allah through the archangel
Gabriel.
• PLEASE ADD TO YOUR NOTES – Muslims are to
practice tolerance to Christians and Jews, because they
are “the people of the book”
Sources of Islamic Authority
• The Qur’an is written in Arabic, and only the
Arabic versions are considered the true word of
Allah. Only Arabic can be used in worship.
• Muhammad’s actions while alive are a blueprint
for Muslims to follow in their lives. Muslims call
it the Sunna, or Muhammad’s example.
• The Qur’an and Sunna form the basis for a body
of law known as shari’a. Shari’a law regulates
the family life, moral conduct, business and
community lives of Muslims.