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Chemistry 226H
Organic Chemistry Worksheet 2 Notes
1.
Show the mechanism for:
of AlCl3
Oregon State University
Dr. Richard Nafshun
+
Cl
in the presence
2.
Show the mechanism for:
presence of AlCl3
+
1-chloropentane in the
3.
The reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid will form:
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
4.
Consider five amino acids: Ala, Gly, Asn, Phe, and Thr. The amino acid that
contains two chiral carbon atoms is:
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
5.
an alkene.
an ether.
an aldehyde.
an ester.
an amide.
Ala.
Gly.
Asn.
Phe.
Thr.
Define: trans-, unsaturated, saturated, and omega-3 fats. What is meant by
partially hydrogenated vegetable oil?
trans- fats
have the trans- conformation about a double bond.
unsaturated fats
have double bonds (they are not saturated with hydrogens).
saturated fats
have no double bonds (any double bonds have been
saturated with hydrogen).
omega-3 fats
have a double bond located at the third carbon from the end
of the chain. The term omega-3 is used because omega
indicates the first carbon at the end of the chain and the 3
indicates the third carbon atom in.
partially hydrogenated vegetable oil some, but not all, of the double bonds
present in the carbon chains have been hydrogenated (had
hydrogen added across the pi-bond). Research shows that
some of the cis- have been converted to trans-.
6.
How can the denaturing (killing) of an enzyme occur?
Change in temperature (heat), change in pH, metals, solvents (organic
compounds), soaps and detergents, and toxins.
7.
What is an enzyme?
A biological catalyst.
8.
What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of fructose-5phoshate?
Would you believe fructose-5-phosphatase?
9.
What is the active site?
The portion of the enzyme where the reaction is facilitated.
10.
What is the "lock-and-key" model?
Implying that the enzyme is a specific lock and the substrate is the specific key.
A molecule without the correct shape and functionality is not operated on.
11.
What is an inhibitor?
An inhibitor prevents the enzyme from operating. It can bind to the active site or
deactivate the enzyme by changing its structure or functionality.
12.
What is meant by primary structure? Give an example.
Primary structure is the order that the amino acids are connected.
Ala-Gly-Glu-Ala denotes the order in which the amino acids are connected.
What is meant by secondary structure? Give an example.
Secondary structure is the orientation the primary structure obtains (alpha helix or
beta sheet)
What is meant by tertiary structure? Give an example.
The secondary structure takes on a three-dimensional "globular" structure—this is
the tertiary structure.
What is meant by quaternary structure? Give an example.
Hemoglobin is composed of four tertiary globular structures.
13.
Ala-Gly-Glu can be best described by:
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
14.
Alpha helixes and Beta sheets are types of:
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
15.
Primary structure.
Secondary structure.
Tertiary structure.
Quaternary structure.
Primary structure.
Secondary structure.
Tertiary structure.
Quaternary structure.
What does hydrogen bonding have to do with secondary structure?
Hydrogen bonding is responsible for the interactions between strands or within a
strand.
16.
Draw a molecule which contains two chiral carbons. Identify these chiral
carbons.
CHClF-CClFH and so many others.
17.
Does CHFClBr have a non-superimposable mirror image?
Yes. The carbon atom is chiral because it has four different groups around it.
18.
Does CF2ClBr have a non-superimposable mirror image?
No. The carbon atom is not chiral because it does not have four different groups
around it.