Download 2-The Earth in space

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How Do the Sun, Earth, and Moon Interact?
Science Words
Rotate [ROH•tayt] turn, like a top
It takes about 24 hours for Earth to completely rotate on
As Earth rotates, one side of Earth faces the sun. This
side of Earth has daytime.
The other side of Earth faces away from the sun. This
side of Earth has night time.
Axis [AK•sis] an imaginary line that runs through Earth’s center from the North
Pole to the South pole
Orbit [AWR•bit] the path that an object takes around another object in space.
-It takes Earth about 365 days to complete one
revolution.
The sun, Earth, and the moon form a system held
together by gravity.
The tilt of Earth’s axis and its orbit cause the
seasons.
-The part of Earth tilted toward the sun
has summer.
The part of Earth tilted away from
the sun has winter.
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orbit
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Constellation [khan•stuh•LAY•shuhn] a group of stars that seem to form a
picture in the night sky
Constellation and collection begin with the same sounds. A constellation is
a collection of stars.
This constellation
is called the Big
Dipper.
The Big Dipper is part of a constellation called Ursa Major, or Great Bear.
Long ago, astronomers believed Earth was the center of the universe.
The work of Galileo and Johannes Kepler showed that Earth and other planets
orbited the sun.
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A-Choose the best answer:
1-Earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours. What is the result of Earth’s
rotation?
the seasons
the moon’s phases
night and day
the length of the year
2-Earth is tilted on its axis. Which of these would not exist if Earth had no
tilt?
gravity
lunar phases
seasons
Earth’s rotation
3-Earth revolves around the sun. How long does it take for Earth to
complete one revolution?
one day
one month
one week
one year
4-Look at the diagram below. It shows Earth at four positions in its orbit
around the sun.
At which position does the Northern Hemisphere
receive the least amount of sunlight each day?
Position I
Position III
Position II
Position IV
5-Which of the following statements about planets and stars is correct?
A. Planets and stars orbit moons. S4E1b
B. The Milky Way is a star.
C. A planet is an object that orbits a star.
D. A star is an object that orbits a planet.
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B-Communicate how you know that North America is having winter.
.
.
C-What does this illustration show?
.
D-Compare how Earth rotates with how it revolves.
.
.
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What Are Moon Phases?
-The
moon is a satellite that completes an orbit around
Earth in about one month.
-The moon is small, but it looks large because it is close to Earth.
The moon has no air, wind, or liquid water.
We can see the moon because it reflects sunlight back to Earth.
As the moon revolves around Earth, different amounts of its lit surface can
be seen.
Moon phases [MOON FAYZ•uhz]
changes in the appearance of the moon’s shape
.
The moon looks full when the side that faces Earth is completely lit.
The moon is in a crescent, or C-shape, when the side that faces Earth is only
partly lit.
Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on Earth’s moon.
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A-Choose the best answer:
1-Which phase shown below occurs
approximately two weeks after a new moon?
A
B
C
D
2-The picture below shows one of the phases of the moon.
Which phase does the picture show?
crescent
new moon
first quarter
third quarter
3-The picture below shows one of the phases of the moon.
What will the next phase be?
new moon
first quarter
third quarter
full moon
4-Which set of pictures shows the correct order of moon phases?
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5-The moon goes through a cycle of phases each month. Which phase takes
place when the moon is directly between Earth and the sun?
full moon
new moon
quarter moon
crescent moon
6-The picture below shows a phase of the moon.
Which phase does the picture show?
full moon
third quarter
new moon
crescent
B-Fill in the chart below
Draw a picture of the moon in each box to show how it looks different every
seven days.
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What Are the Planets in Our Solar System?
Science Words
Solar system [SOH•ler SIS•tuhm] a star and the planets and other bodies that
revolve around it
A solar system is the sun and planets that act together as a whole.
planet [PLAN•it] a large, round body that revolves around a star in a clear orbit
\
Our solar system has eight planets plus Pluto, a Dwarf planet.
Often, scientists group them as the inner planets, which are closer to the sun,
and the outer planets, which are farther from the sun.
These groups of planets are separated by a ring of asteroids that orbit the sun
between Mars and Jupiter.
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The Inner Planets
The inner planets are the smallest and warmest planets. They have hard surfaces
made of rock.
The inner planets revolve around the sun more quickly than the outer planets do.
1-Mercury is about the size of Earth’s moon
Mercury has a thin atmosphere of carbon dioxide with a surface like our moon’s.
It is the smallest planet in our solar system.
2-Venus a thick carbon dioxide atmosphere, which makes it boiling hot.
It’s the second planet closest from the sun.
3-Earth is the largest of the inner planets.
It’s the only planet known to have life
and the only one whose surface is mostly water.
4-Mars is called the Red Planet because it
looks fiery red from Earth.
Mars is dry and freezing cold. Huge dust storms blow across Mars’s surface.
Mars has mountains, wide plains, canyons, volcanoes, and iron-rich red soil.
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The Outer Planets
They are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
The outer planets are giant balls of gases with very small, solid cores.
The outer planets rotate quickly, which makes for a short day; however, these planets take a long
time to revolve once around the sun. Therefore, they have short days but long years.
5-Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system.
Jupiter has at least 63 moons.
It has a great Red Spot
6-Saturn has rings that are visible from Earth through a telescope.
Saturn has thousands of rings. Scientists think
these rings are leftover pieces of comets, asteroids, or moons that broke up long ago.
7-Uranus is another gas giant.
Uranus tilts so far on its axis that it looks as if
it revolves around the sun on its side.
Methane gas in its atmosphere gives Uranus its blue color.
8-Neptune is one of the windiest places in the solar system.
Neptune is the farthest planet in the solar system.
From space, Neptune’s atmosphere looks blue.
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Other Objects in the Solar System
-Asteroids are bits of rock and metal.
-By contrast, a comet is a ball of rock, ice, and frozen gases.
The Sun and Other Stars
A star is a huge ball of superheated gases.
The sun is a star that is at the center of our solar system.
-The sun sometimes has dark spots called sunspots on its surface.
They do not give off as much light and heat energy as the rest of the sun’s surface.
-A galaxy is a huge system of gases, dust, and stars.
Galaxies contain billions of stars.
Our sun is on the edge of the Milky Way galaxy.
The universe is everything that exists in space.
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A-Choose the best answer:
1-A thick atmosphere surrounds this planet. As a result, the temperature at
its rocky surface is the hottest in the solar system. Which planet is it?
Jupiter
Neptune
Saturn
Venus
2-Inner planets and outer planets have different structures. Which
characteristic do all inner planets share?
small solid core
surface of frozen gases
large solid core
surface of mostly liquid water
3-The planets of the solar system are very different in size. Which list
orders the planets correctly from smallest to largest?
Jupiter – Venus – Saturn
Venus – Saturn – Jupiter
Neptune – Uranus – Jupiter
Earth – Mars – Jupiter
4-Luce made a scale model of the solar system. What did he notice about
the inner planets—Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars?
They are all the same size.
They are all larger than the sun.
They are all larger than the outer planets.
They are all smaller than the outer planets.
5-What is a large round object that revolves around a star?
a sun
a moon
a planet
an asteroid
6-What does a solar system contain?
a group of stars
a star and the planets near it
the planets, moons, and asteroids around a star
a star and all the bodies that revolve around it
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B-Compete the following:
(axis-comet-star-telescope-orbit-sun-moon-galaxy-solar system-universe-planet)
1-The star at the center of our solar system is the _______.
2-The path an object takes around another object is its _______.
3-A star and a group of objects that revolve around it make up a _______.
4-The imaginary line through both poles of a planet is its _______.
5-A small mass of rock, ice, and frozen gases that orbits the sun is a
_______.
6-A large object that revolves around a star is a _______.
7-An enormous ball of superheated gases in space is a _______.
8-Everything that exists in space is part of the _______.
9-A large system of stars, dust, and gas is a _______.
10-Anatural object that revolves around a planet is a _______.
11-A device that helps people view distant objects is a _______.
C-Fill in the chart below.
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D-Match each word to the words that tell about it.
1-solar system
a• a large ball of rock or gas that move around the sun
2-planet
b• a path around something
3-orbit
c• a group of stars that forms a pattern
4-star
d • the sun, the planets, and the planets’ moons
5-constellation
e• a huge ball of hot gases
Answer the following:
1-Although there are eight planets in the solar system, they have many
differences. How are Jupiter and Earth different?
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2-How long does it take for Erath to complete one rotation?
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3-What is caused by Earth’s rotation?
.
4-How long does it take Erath to revolve around the sun?
.
(phases- revolve-rotate -axis_)
1-Each shape the moon seems to have through a month is called a.......................
2-The imaginary lines that passes through the Earth’s poles is.....................
3-The Earth.......................... on its axis.
4-The Erath ............................. around the sun.
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