Download Animalia Overview

Animal Kingdom
Characteristics of animals?
 Multicellular
 specialized cells (they rely on each other to function)
 Heterotrophic
 ingestion and digestion
 Lack cell walls
 Many move
 Nervous tissue and muscle tissue work together
 Most reproduce sexually but some can reproduce
asexually
How do we classify animals?
 Body structure and formation
 External appearance
 Internal structures
 Organization of fundamental tissue types
 And Invertebrates or Vertebrates
Respiration: How do
animals get oxygen?
 Diffusion
 Gills
 Lungs
How do animals reproduce?
 Asexual reproduction – one parent
 Fragmentation
 Parthenogenesis – unfertilized eggs
 Budding
 Binary fission
 Sexual reproduction: two gametes (usually 2
parents)



Hermaphrodites – have both ovaries and
testes
External fertilization
Internal fertilization
What are the different body
structures?
 Symmetry: overall patterns



Radial symmetry: a circular symmetry
Bilateral symmetry: a lengthwise line divides 2
sides that are mirror images of each other (a
left and a right side)
Asymmetrical: no pattern
What are the different types of
circulatory system?
 Open circulatory system
 When the “blood” is not contained entirely within
vessels (like veins and arteries)
 Closed circulatory system
 When the “blood” is contained with in vessels
What types of support structures do
animals have?
 Hydrostatic skeleton – water fills spaces
within the organism.
 Exoskeleton – ridge external skeleton
 Endoskeleton – internal skeleton made of
hard materials (like bone)
In animals, Cells Differentiate
 A zygote is formed (egg
+ sperm)
 Cells divide and form a
hollow ball = Blastula
 These cells differentiate
further.



Ectoderm – skin, nerve
cells, sense organs
(eyes)
Endoderm – digestive
system, lungs, bladder,
liver
Mesoderm – skeleton,
muscles, circulatory
system, reproductive
organs.
 Tissues and then organs
can be formed.
Internal Body Plans
 Coelom is fluid fill
space between the
body wall and
digestive tract
(mesoderm cells) that
protects organs from
being damaged



Acoelomate – no
body cavity
Coelomates – cavity
entirely within
mesoderm and
endoderm.
Pesudocoelomates
– cavity between
mesoderm &
endoderm (false
coelom)
Nervous Systems: How Animals
interact with their environments.
 Brains condense nerve fibers in a centralized
location, allowing form complex response
mechanisms.
 Not all animals are that evolved
 Some just have, what’s referred to as, a “nerve net”
What are the ways animals digest
food?
 Digest food with in each body cell.
 Digest food within body but not in body cell, in
a digestive cavity.


Gastrovascular cavity – only one opening
Digestive tract (gut) – two openings (mouth
and anus)
Which animals are the simplest and
which are the most complex?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Sponges (Porifera)
Stinging-Cell (Cnidaria)
Flatworms (Platyhelminthes)
Roundworms (Nematoda)
Segmented worms (Annelida)
Soft-bodied (Mollusca)
Jointed-foot (Arthropoda)
Spiny-skin (Echinodermata)
Chordates (Chordata)
Continue Working on Animalia Pt I
 This is to be complete by Friday.
 You will complete the chart on Friday.
 Animalia quiz on Monday.
Sponges (Porifera)
 Pores (small openings, like on your skin)
 Live only in water (mostly the ocean)
 Do not move about on their own
 Asymmetrical
 Lack tissues and organs
 Two cell layers
Sponges (Porifera)
 REPRODUCTION
 Sexual
 Sperm and eggs produced by
same sponge. (hermaphroditic)
Exchanged with a separate
individual.
 Asexual
 Small pieces break off and form
new individuals. (Regeneration)
 Budding
Cniderians (STINGING-CELL)
 Have "stinging" cells (cnideria) for capture of








food/prey.
Hollow, saclike bodies with NO organs.
Radial symmetry
Live in water
Tentacles around moth
Stinging cells on tentacles
Have muscle cells and nerve cells
Sexually (similar to sponges)
Asexually (budding)
Flatworms (Platyhelminthes)




Flattened body.
Bilateral symmetry
Nerves and sensory organs are at the head
Food comes in an opening and leaves the same
opening
 Muscles and Intestines
 Male and female reproductive organs on the same
animal but they exchange sperm
 Asexual reproduction

Splits from end-to-end, down the middle
 Most are parasites
 Some may live on water or land
Roundworms (Nematoda)
 Long bodies with pointed ends.
 Many are parasites, animal or plant, most are free







living.
Many are microscopic.
Long, rounded body.
Set of muscles end to end.
Mouth on one end (food in).
Anus on other end (undigestables out).
Intestine tube mouth to anus.
Males and females are separate animals.
Roundworms (Nematoda)
Segmented worms (Annelida)









Bodies divided into sections called segments.
Layers of muscles in body wall.
Bristles on each segment move it through soil.
Mouth and anus.
Intestinal tube.
Distinct parts for holding, grinding, digesting.
Most segments have organs that get rid of wastes.
2 blood vessels run length of body.
Bilateral symmetry
Segmented worms (Annelida)
 5 pairs of simple hearts
 Nerves length of body
 Sexual reproduction


Some have both
Others have genders
Soft-bodied (Molusca)
 Soft body, usually protected by hard shell.
 Body covered by mantle, a thin fleshy tissue which





makes the shell.
Muscular foot for movement.
most have a head with a mouth.
most have a tongue-like, tooth-covered structure for
scraping food off of surfaces.
Separate circulatory system
Separate genders with external fertilization
Univalve: snails and slugs
 Live on land, one muscular foot, one shell,
tentacles sense light
Bivalves: clams, oysters, scallops
 2 shells, foot is used to bury itself, eats by
sticking our 2 tubes that filter water
Cephalopods: octopus and squid
 Squid have shells inside body octopus don’t
 Muscular foot divided into 2 arms, well developed
eyes, move fast by shooting a jet of water backwards,
more advanced nervous system, closed circulatory
Arthropoda (Jointed-foot)
Arthropoda (Jointed-foot)








Outside skeleton (Exoskeleton)
Bilateral symmetry
Jointed appendages: structures that grows out of an
animal's body, allow quick movement
Legs, antennae, wings are appendages
Divided into 3 sections: Head, Thorax, Abdomen
Molting
Compound eyes
Open circulatory system
Insects







More insects than all other animal types combined
Over 700,000 species
Thousands more discovered each year
Live almost anywhere
Eat almost anything
Come in many shapes and colors
Have special mouthparts for: Chewing, Lapping,
Sucking
Insects
 3 Main body part: head, thorax, abdomen
 2 compound eyes, 3 simple eyes,1 pair antennae,
Several mouthparts
 Thorax has 3 pairs walking legs and Often 2 pair
wings
 The only invertebrates that can fly
 Reproduce sexually


Separate sexes producing egg and sperm
Fertilized eggs produced in large quantities and left
Spiny-skin (Echinodermata)





"5-part" body design
Radial symmetry
Spines
Live in oceans, common along rocky shores
Have Tube Feet


Which work using suction,
as part of a water vascular system of tubes linking the feet
 Reproduction:
 Regeneration: starfish can grow a new arm if they lose one
(Asexual Reproduction or recovering from an injury)
 Sexual reproduction is the norm (Separate sexes produce
sperm and eggs)
Chordates (Chordata)
 Animals with a backbone
 More complex than other organisms
 Have an Endoskeleton: an Internal Skeleton
 Growth is less limited than with an
exoskeleton
 Bilateral symmetry
 A tail at some stage in life
Which animals are chordatas?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Jawless fish
Cartilage fish
Bony fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals