Download Invertebrates – have no backbone

Kingdom Animalia
Invertebrates
no backbone
What is an Animal?
Heterotrophic
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
No Cell walls
Most move-mobile
Most do sexual reproduction
95% = invertebrates (no backbone) video
5% Vertebrates (backbone) video
3
Animals
Vertebrates: have backbones
Phylum Chordates
Invertebrates: do not have a backbone
8 Different Phylums
•
Porifera (Sponges) - SIMPLEST
•
Cnidaria (Stinging Cells)
•
Platyhelmenthes (Flatworms)
•
Nematoda (Roundworms)
•
Annelida (Segmented worms)
•
Mollusca (soft-bodied animals)
•
Arthropoda (Jointed-leg) – 85% of all species because they include insects.
•
Echinodermata (Spiny-skin)
Seven Essential Functions
of Animals
1.
Feeding -
2.
Respiration -
3.
Circulation -
4.
Excretion -
5.
Response -
6.
Movement -
7.
Reproduction -
Feeding
Herbivore - eat plants
Carnivores - eat animals
Omnivore - eat plants and animals
Detritivore - Feed on decaying organic
material
Filter Feeders - aquatic animals that
strain food from water
Parasite - lives in or on another
organism (symbiotic relationship)
1 way digestive tract – food and waste
both enter and leave through same
opening.
2 way digestive tract – mouth and anus.
Respiration
Take in O2 and release Co2
Organs have a large surface
area so gas exchange can
take place.
Lungs – gas exchange
Gills – feathery structures
exposed to water for gas
exchange.
Diffusion through moist skin
for gas exchange
Circulation
All cells require a constant
supply of oxygen as well as
remove metabolic waste.
Very small animals rely on
diffusion.
Larger animals have a
circulatory system
Blood is moved through 1 or
more hearts.
Open or closed circulatory
system.
Circulation
• Open circulatory system
• Blood is only partially contained
within a system of blood vessels.
• Blood gets pumped into a system
of sinuses or cavities.
• Characteristic of Arthropods and
Mollusks.
• Closed circulatory system
• Blood vessels extend throughout
the body.
Response
Receptor cells = respond to sound,
light, external stimuli
Nerve cells (neurons) = nervous
system
More complex animals have a
concentration of nerve cells in the
head.
Movement
Most animals are mobile
(can move)
Some are sessile –
attached-no movement
Muscles usually work with
a skeleton.
Endoskeleton – inside the
body, provide support and
protection.
Exoskeleton – hard,
outside body covering
made of chitin.
Reproduction
Most reproduce sexually- genetic
diversity
Many invertebrates can also
reproduce asexually - to increase
their numbers quickly.
Binary fission video
Budding video
Fragmentation
Trends in Animal Evolution
Cell specialization and levels of organization increase
with complexity.
Cells with specific tasks
Cells-> Tissues-> Organs->Organ Systems->Organism
The cells differentiate into
three layers
Endoderm -
Mesoderm Ectoderm -
Body Symmetry
The body plan of an animal - how
the parts are arranged
Asymmetry - no pattern (corals,
sponges)
Radial symmetry - shaped like
a wheel (starfish, hydra,
jellyfish)
Bilateral symmetry - has a right
and left side (humans, insects,
cats) – mirror images
Bilateral symmetry
Cephalization - an anterior concentration of sense organs
(to have a head)
The more complex, the more pronounced the
cephalization
Anterior- toward the head
Posterior- toward the tail
Dorsal- back side
Ventral- belly side
Segmentation- advanced organisms have body segments
and specialization of tissue