Download Types of Animals

General Features of Animals
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
heterotrophy
mobility
multicellularity
diploidy (adults have two copies of chromosomes)
sexual reproduction
absence of a cell wall
blastula formation
tissues
Types of Animals
Phylum
Examples
Porifera
Cnidaria
sponges
jellyfish, hydra, coral
Platyhelminthes
flatworms
Nematoda
Mollusca
Annalida
Arthropoda
roundworms
clams, squids, snails
earthworms, leeches
insects, spiders,
crustaceans
starfish
vertebrates
Echinodermata
Chordata
Milestone
multicellularity
Tissues,
stingers
bilateral
symmetry
pseudocoelom
coelom
segmentation
jointed
appendages
deuterostomes
notochord
From: http://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/notes-chap28.html
Animal Body Systems
1. Digestion
a. Gastrovascular cavity - one opening
b. Digestive tract (gut)- two openings (one for food
intake, one for waste expelling)
2. Respiration - taking in oxygen, releasing carbon dioxide
a. Diffusion across moist surfaces (earthworm)
b. Gills in aquatic animals
c. Lungs in terretrial animals
3. Circulation - how oxygen and nutrients are transported
throughout body
a. Open Circulatory System - some vessels, body cavity is
"washed" with blood
b. Closed Circulatory System - all blood is enclosed in
vessels, capillaries deliver to organs
4. Nervous System - coordinates the activities of the animal
body
a. Neurons - nerve cells that send impulses
b. Nerve Net - network of neurons, very little coordination
c. Ganglion - clusters of neurons (simple brain)
d. Brain - sensory structures and neurons located at
anterior end, complex coordination and behavior
5. Support -how the body maintains its shape
a. Hydrostatic skeleton - water pressure (jellyfish, worms)
b. Exoskeleton - outside skeleton (insects and crabs)
c. Endoskeleton - inside skeleton (vertebrates)
6. Excretion - the removal of wastes from the body
a. Diffusion can release wastes in simple aquatic animals
b. Excretory system in terrestrial animals removes waste
without loss of water
7. Reproduction - process by which organisms make more of their
own kind
a. Asexual reproduction - reproduction only needs 1 parent,
offspring are identical
1) regeneration - fragmentation and regrowth (sponges)
2) budding - growth of a clone and release (hydra)
3) parthenogenesis - rare, individual develops from
unfertilized eggs
b. Sexual reproduction - reproduction involves the joining
of egg and sperm (2 parents)
1) Hermaphrodite - animals that produce both egg &
sperm, have both sexes (earthworm)
2) External Fertilization - sperm is released into
water where it fertilizes eggs in the water
3) Internal Fertilization - sperm and egg join within
the body of the female
8. Gestation (?)
a. External (eggs, etc.)
b. Internal