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Exploration
Who, Where, Why?
Countries
Portugal: Da Gama, Cabral
England: Cabot, Hudson
Spain: Columbus, Vespucci, Balboa, Magellan
France: Verrazzano, Cartier, Champlain
Netherlands: Hudson
Here’s the ‘Where’
http://www.cortezhistory.com/Age%20of
%20Exploration%20Map.jpg
Da Gama (Portugal) sailed around Cape of
Good Hope.
Portugal wound up claiming parts of Brazil and
South America.
England claimed coastal North America.
France laid claim to Canada.
Where? contd
Spain ended up in the South America region.
The Netherlands (Dutch) explored the New York
region.
Why?
That’s a little more complicated!
Each country had the same general reasons, but
there were other, more subtle, reasons.
Mostly, it was about controlling trade and trade
routes!
SPAIN
Isabella & Ferdinand won the conflict or
RECONQUISTA with Granada, so could fund
Columbus.
Their initial reason was to compete with Portugal.
They also had visions of converting people to
Christianity.
SPAIN VS. PORTUGAL
TREATY OF TORDESILLAS determined where each
nation could explore and claim.
The LINE OF DEMARCATION was set in this treaty.
The Great Race
Everyone wanted to find the fastest
route to the Indies.
Some were looking for an eastern
route, some a western route.
Why? Look at the goodies on the
map!
Portugal
Because of Treaty, Portugal was a little
restricted on where they could go.
Da Gama sailed around the Cape of
Good Hope.
Enabled Portugal to win the race for
the time being.
Portugal
Cabral wanted to follow in Da Gama’s
‘boat’steps but got blown off course.
He ended up in Brazil, claiming it for
Portugal.
Portugal eventually set up seaports &
trading posts there.
England
•
King Henry of England decided to throw his hat in
the ring, once he saw what other countries were
doing.
•
His motivation was to just explore what’s out there.
•
Cabot was sent by England, enabling North America
and possibly Newfoundland to be claimed for the
king.
•
Cabot’s goal was to find a sea route to Asia.
Spain
• Spain decided to get back in the mix to explore.
•
Amerigo Vespucci discovered South America and
wrote about it.
•
His writings piqued the interest of others.
•
Balboa set out to find a water route through the
Americas
•
They finally figured out that Columbus had really
found a continent.
Spain
• Remember, the underlying motivation is still to
get to the Indies.
• Now they’re looking for an all-water route
through the Americas.
• Balboa figured out how to cross South America
by land.
• Magellan found a sea passage (Strait of Magellan)
at southern tip of South America
Spain
• Magellan came closest to finding the all-water
route westward.
• Part of his crew were the first to
CIRCUMNAVIGATE the globe
• Poor Magellan was killed in the Phillipines!
Who’s Left?
France, England,
Dutch
• All wanted a sea route to China, Indies,
Japan.
• France sent Varrazzano, Cartier, Champlain
• They sought a northern sea passage.
France
• None found a Northwest Passage.
• They did explore a lot of Canada and
Newfoundland.
• Found the fishing there to be profitable.
• Enabled French claims to Canada.
Netherlands,
England
•Hudson sailed for Dutch first,
then England.
•Still looking for a Northwest
Passage.
•He pretty much got stuck in New
York.
Summarize: Why?
Scarcity -> Trade -> control routes > fastest water routes -> gain wealth
Everyone wanted to get to the Indies,
China, & Japan
Americas were an obstacle to get
around
Other Reasons
Religious - convert peoples to
Christianity
Curiosity - books, Vespucci’s letters
Stay competitive
Results
Never found a Northwest Passage
Circumnavigated with the southern
route around South America
Trading port set up in Brazil &
Phillipines
Europe became more interested in the
‘roadblock’ we call America!
Notice where all these nations ended
up; basis for American history