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Transcript
TEACHER’S NOTES – Power from the People Event Description Key Words Power from the People helps pupils understand simple electric circuits. It shows electricity can be created by passing magnets over wire coils and the energy for this can come from a human. Age Range & Curriculum Links Power from the People is aimed at 9-11 year olds. Energy Systems: - Grade 5 – Identify that energy can be moved in a range of ways; for example an electric current. Physical World: - Grade 6 – Describe a range of applications of magnetism - Grade 7 – Construct simple circuits Electricity Wire Circuit Electrons Battery Magnets Magnetic field Energy Sustainable energy The Science in the Workshop Electricity is a mysterious force. We can’t see it like we see the sun. We can’t hold it like we hold coal. We know when it is working, but it is hard to know exactly what it is. Before we can understand electricity we need to learn about atoms. An atom looks like the sun with the planets spinning around it. The centre is called the nucleus. It is made of tiny protons and neutrons. Electrons move around the nucleus in energy levels or shells far from the nucleus. Electrons stay in their shells because a special force holds them there. Protons and electrons are attracted to each other. Protons have a positive charge (+) and electrons have a negative charge (–). Opposite charges attract each other. The electrons near the nucleus are held tight to the atom. Sometimes, the ones farthest away are not. We can push some of these electrons out of their energy levels and we can move them. Moving electrons are called electricity. Power plants use huge magnets to make or generate electricity. In a generator, a big coil of copper wire spins inside the magnets. As it spins, the magnetic fields push and pull electrons in the wire. The electrons in the copper wire flow into power lines. These moving electrons are the electricity that powers our houses. © 2012 Abu Dhabi Technology Development Committee. Useful Resources Topic Related Websites: http://www.need.org/needpdf/infobook_activities/ElemInfo/ElecE.pdf - a clear and accurate explanation of what electricity is and where it comes from. General Science Websites: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/scienceclips/ - accompanies the Science Clips TV series aimed at 5-11 year olds and their teachers. Follow-Up Activity Make an Electromagnet You will need: Iron bolt (about 8cm in length) One nut and two washers to fit the bolt Insulated copper wire (about 1m in length) Nail clippers (for use by an adult only) Battery Paper clips What to do: 1. Place one of the washers on the bolt. Leave 20cm of wire free at the end. 2. Travelling up the length of the bolt, wrap the wire carefully round the bolt as many times as you can. 3. Leave 20cm of wire free at the end and slide the other washer over the bolt. Screw the nut in place. 4. Have an ADULT carefully scrape about 2.5cm of insulation off each end of the wire with the clippers. 5. Connect the free ends to the positive terminal of a battery and the other lead to the negative terminal. SAFETY: There is a risk in this experiment of the wire heating up with the potential to burn a child’s hand. The battery in the electromagnet should only be connected for short periods of time (up to 20 second) and should never be connected permanently. Discussion Ideas: What do you see when you place the electromagnet close to the paperclips? Does wrapping the wire around the bolt more or less times affect the strength of the magnet? What was happening? © 2012 Abu Dhabi Technology Development Committee. We can use magnets to make electricity. A magnetic field can pull and push electrons to make them move. Some metals like copper have electrons that are loosely held. They are easily pushed from their shells. Magnetism and electricity are related. Magnets can create electricity and electricity can produce magnetic fields. Every time a magnetic field changes, an electric field is created. Every time an electric field changes, a magnetic field is created. Magnetism and electricity are always linked together; thus, you can’t have one without the other. This is called electromagnetism. © 2012 Abu Dhabi Technology Development Committee.