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Name ____________________________________________ Date ______________ Class Period _________ ELECTROMAGNETS PROBLEM: Can the strength of an electromagnet be changed by changing the voltage of the power source? Can the strength of an electromagnet be changed by changing the amount of wire wrapped around its core? BACKGROUND RESEARCH: 1. Heating or hitting a permanent magnet can ruin it. 2. Iron is a good metal to use to make an electromagnet. 3. The north pole of one magnet will attract the south pole of another magnet. 4. Magnets and electromagnets are used in many devices. 5. The “V” stands for volts. A volt is a unit used to measure the amount of electricity in something, like meters is a unit used to measure the length of something. HYPOTHESIS: If I increase the voltage, then the electromagnet’s strength will ___. (increase, decrease or not change). If I increase the number of wire coils, then the electromagnet’s strength will ____. (increase, decrease or not change). MATERIALS: -1 meter of wire -a nail -2 batteries -masking tape - paper clips PROCEDURE: 1. Take the wire and straighten it. 2. Take the wire and wrap it neatly around the nail. Start wrapping at the flat part of the nail and work your way towards the nail’s point. 3. Wrap the wire around the nail 10 times to build the first electromagnet. 4. Assign jobs to different students a. Crane Operator b. Power Operator c. Data Recorder Name ____________________________________________ Date ______________ Class Period _________ We will test the electromagnet 2 ways: Using the magnetic field sensor COLLECT DATA FOR ZERO COILS 1. Tape a magnetic field sensor to the tabletop. The white side of the sensor (or white dot) should face up and be parallel to the tabletop. 2. Zero the sensor 3. Write down the data in your data table for zero winds. Simply write down the number shown in the sensor window when it is nowhere near the nail or a magnet. This should be close to zero!! COLLECT DATA FOR 10 COILS 4. Power Operator - Now take the wire wrapped nail and tape one bare end of the wire to the + end of a D battery (1.5 Volts). 5. Firmly press the other bare end to the – end of the D battery. 6. Crane Operator – touch the pointed end of the nail to the top of the sensor at its very own as shown Using the Paperclips The other way we will test the electromagnet is to see how many paperclips it will pick up. COLLECT DATA FOR 10 COILS 1. Power Operator - Now take the wire wrapped nail and tape one bare end of the wire to the + end of a D battery (1.5 Volts). 2. Firmly press the other bare end to the – end of the D battery. 3. Crane Operator –Gently mix the paperclips with the electromagnet. 4. Carefully lift the electromagnet out of the paper clip container and move it to a clean spot over your desk. 5. Turn off the electromagnet by removing the wire from the battery pack and let the paper clips fall. 6. Count how many paper clips the electromagnet picked up and record that number in your data table. 7. Repeat the above steps for 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 coils. Record all data in tables similar to the ones shown below. 7. Data Collector – record number on handheld computer in data table. The units are mT (milliTeslas). 8. Repeat steps above for 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 coils. Record all data in tables similar to the ones shown below. 9. Now, connect 2 batteries and record the magnetic field with 40 coils. Then, reduce the number of coils to 35 and record the magnetic field and so on. 8. Now, connect 2 batteries and record the magnetic field with 40 coils. Then, reduce the number of coils to 35 and record the magnetic field and so on. Name ____________________________________________ Date ______________ Class Period _________ DATA: One battery Number of Coils Magnetic Field (mT) Number of Paperclips Picked up 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Two batteries Number of Coils Magnetic Field (mT) Number of Paperclips Picked up 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Magnetic Field Strength (mT) Number of Paper Clips Picked Up Graph your data! A sample graph is shown below. Number of coils Name ____________________________________________ Date ______________ Class Period _________ Conclusion: 1. What happened to the strength of the electromagnet when more turns of wire were used? Use data from your experiment to explain. 2. What happened to the strength of the electromagnet when more volts were used (2 batteries)? Use data from your experiment to explain. 3. Explain successes and challenges of testing the magnetic field using the magnetic field sensors. 4. Explain successes and challenges of testing the magnetic field using the paper clip pick-up method.