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Transcript
Ancient Greece Today’s Objectives: I can describe the settlements of Greece I can compare the government and daily-life of Sparta and Athens Chapter 25 Reading Notes Geography and Settlement of Greece How did the geography of Greece influence the location of Greek city-states? Settlements of Greece • Where did the ancient Greeks mostly settle? – Greek settlements were mostly located on the coast • Why were ancient Greek communities isolated from each other? – Greek settlements were isolated from each other because of the mountains and seas • List three reasons why travel was challenging – Roads were unpaved – Shelter was inconsistent and lacked food – Sudden storms on the sea mountainous land rocky land scarce water = no major rivers in Greece rain was mainly in the winter months built wide earth steps into the hills to farm grew grapes and olives planted hillside orchards of fruits and nuts Raised sheep and goats because they can graze on the sides of mountains Settlements of Greece • Why did some Greek settlements fight each other? – Lack of quality farmland led to wars between settlements in order to claim land Settlements of Greece • What was the primary reason why the ancient Greeks started colonies? – Population growth and lack of farmland led some city-states to create colonies to provide food • Actions Greeks took when starting colonies: – Consult an oracle, gather food/supplies, sacred fire • When did the Greeks establish colonies and where? – 1000-650 BCE in Ionia, Spain, France, Italy, Africa, and along the Black Sea Settlements of Greece • Why did some Greek settlements trade? – Some Greek settlements traded to get needed goods • What goods from the Greek mainland were traded? What goods did the Greeks get in Colonies exchange? Mainland ● ● Olive Oil Pottery ● ● ● Grain Timber Metal • Identify two challenges merchant ships faced. – Merchant ships had no charts or maps – No lighthouses to warn of coastlines Interactive Notes: Greek City-States • Open to a new page/section in the Notes Section of your binder • Summarize each slide in your notebook (not word for word!) • Answer the discussion questions in the interactive sections of the notes • We will use these notes to complete a postcard activity (not the book) Bellringer Sparta was a society focused on creating a strong military. 1. Why would they have needed such a focus on creating soldiers of their citizens? 2. What might have been the downside of focusing all their attention on creating a city-state of soldiers? Ancient Greece Today’s Objectives: I can describe the settlements of Greece I can compare the government and daily-life of Sparta and Athens The Big Question…. • Question: The Greeks were not united together until Alexander the Great. If you were the leader of a Greek city-state, what would have prevented you from forming a unified nation with other Greek city-states? What is a city-state? • Known as a “polis” • Small, independent, self-governing community • Why would city-states have remained small? Ancient Sparta SPARTA: A military state - Ruled by monarchs (two kings), who were advised by oligarchs - Only men older than 30 who were native to Sparta could be citizens - Citizens made up an assembly to approve all major decisions SERVITUDE IN SPARTA • Believed in enslaving foreigners, abandoned children, and prisoners of war • Sparta had a large population of enslaved people who weren’t happy being slaves. How could this have led to Sparta focusing on military training? EDUCATION • Only purpose of education was to prepare to be a soldier • Age 7: boys go off to military school • Men spent their lives living in barracks and training in the army GROWING UP SPARTAN • Young boys had to shave their heads and were not allowed to wear sandals. • Boys were given little food and could only wear one piece of clothing in the winter to “toughen” them up for war. • Had to hunt or steal food Ancient Greek Art: Spartan Women SPARTAN WOMEN • Were taught reading and writing • Girls exercised to be physically fit for child-birth • A woman’s role was to produce healthy sons for the army; Sick children were left to die • Had to obey husbands and fathers • Allowed to own property ISOLATIONISM • Didn’t trade or engage in contact with other Greek city-states • Close-minded, regimented lifestyle that focused on self-preservation • Didn’t flourish culturally like other city-states The role of the individual… • Considering Sparta’s characteristics, do you think Sparta focused on the value of the individual person? Or was the individual more important than the city-state? Back up your claim with evidence. ANCIENT ATHENS Athens: The Rise of Democracy • Free and open society where the ideas dominated • Direct democracy: the citizens themselves made the laws, not elected representatives • Assembly was open to adult men only • All free men were considered equal under the law Characteristics of Athenian Democracy 1. All citizens (free men) have the duty participate in government 2. Law results from human intelligence and the needs of the community, not gods 3. Common men are capable of making decisions that effect the entire community EDUCATION • Only boys whose family could afford school were educated • Studied music, reading, writing, and poetry • Emphasized public speaking skills • Competed in athletic events ATHENIAN WOMEN • No role in public life • Married at 14 • Lived in isolation; rarely left the home • Not taught to read or write SPREAD OF ATHENIAN CULTURE • Unlike Sparta, Athens spread its culture all over Greece • Valued political freedom and cultural creativity • Do Athenians value the individual more or the city-state? How do you know? Reflective Writing • Quick Write (at least three sentences): In which city-state would you have rather lived: Sparta or Athens? Explain your reasoning using evidence.