Download SPARTA: A military state

Ancient Greece
Today’s Objectives:
I can describe the settlements
of Greece
I can compare the government
and daily-life of Sparta and
Athens
Chapter 25 Reading Notes
Geography and Settlement of Greece
How did the geography of Greece influence
the location of Greek city-states?
Settlements of Greece
• Where did the ancient Greeks mostly settle?
– Greek settlements were mostly located on the coast
• Why were ancient Greek communities isolated
from each other?
– Greek settlements were isolated from each other
because of the mountains and seas
• List three reasons why travel was challenging
– Roads were unpaved
– Shelter was inconsistent and lacked food
– Sudden storms on the sea
mountainous land
rocky land
scarce water = no
major rivers in
Greece
rain was mainly in the
winter months
built wide earth steps
into the hills to farm
grew grapes and olives
planted hillside orchards
of fruits and nuts
Raised sheep and goats
because they can graze on
the sides of mountains
Settlements of Greece
• Why did some Greek settlements
fight each other?
– Lack of quality farmland led to
wars between settlements in order
to claim land
Settlements of Greece
• What was the primary reason why the ancient
Greeks started colonies?
– Population growth and lack of farmland led some
city-states to create colonies to provide food
• Actions Greeks took when starting colonies:
– Consult an oracle, gather food/supplies, sacred fire
• When did the Greeks establish colonies and
where?
– 1000-650 BCE in Ionia, Spain, France, Italy, Africa,
and along the Black Sea
Settlements of Greece
• Why did some Greek settlements trade?
– Some Greek settlements traded to get needed goods
• What goods from the Greek mainland were
traded? What goods did the Greeks get in
Colonies
exchange? Mainland
●
●
Olive Oil
Pottery
●
●
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Grain
Timber
Metal
• Identify two challenges merchant ships faced.
– Merchant ships had no charts or maps
– No lighthouses to warn of coastlines
Interactive Notes: Greek
City-States
• Open to a new page/section in the
Notes Section of your binder
• Summarize each slide in your
notebook (not word for word!)
• Answer the discussion questions in
the interactive sections of the notes
• We will use these notes to complete
a postcard activity (not the book)
Bellringer
Sparta was a society focused on creating a strong
military.
1. Why would they have needed such a focus
on creating soldiers of their citizens?
2. What might have been the downside of
focusing all their attention on creating a
city-state of soldiers?
Ancient Greece
Today’s Objectives:
I can describe the settlements
of Greece
I can compare the government
and daily-life of Sparta and
Athens
The Big Question….
• Question: The Greeks were not united
together until Alexander the Great. If you
were the leader of a Greek city-state, what
would have prevented you from forming a
unified nation with other Greek city-states?
What is a city-state?
• Known as a “polis”
• Small, independent,
self-governing community
• Why would city-states
have remained small?
Ancient Sparta
SPARTA: A military state
- Ruled by monarchs (two kings), who were
advised by oligarchs
- Only men older than 30 who were native to
Sparta could be citizens
- Citizens made up an assembly to approve all
major decisions
SERVITUDE IN SPARTA
• Believed in enslaving foreigners,
abandoned children, and prisoners of
war
• Sparta had a large population of
enslaved people who weren’t happy
being slaves. How could this have led
to Sparta focusing on military
training?
EDUCATION
• Only purpose of education was to
prepare to be a soldier
• Age 7: boys go off to military
school
• Men spent their lives living in
barracks and training in the army
GROWING UP SPARTAN
• Young boys had to shave their
heads and were not allowed to
wear sandals.
• Boys were given little food and
could only wear one piece of
clothing in the winter to “toughen”
them up for war.
• Had to hunt or steal food
Ancient Greek Art: Spartan Women
SPARTAN WOMEN
• Were taught reading and writing
• Girls exercised to be physically fit for
child-birth
• A woman’s role was to produce healthy sons
for the army; Sick children were left to die
• Had to obey husbands and fathers
• Allowed to own property
ISOLATIONISM
• Didn’t trade or engage in contact
with other Greek city-states
• Close-minded, regimented
lifestyle that focused on
self-preservation
• Didn’t flourish culturally like
other city-states
The role of the individual…
• Considering Sparta’s
characteristics, do you think
Sparta focused on the value of the
individual person? Or was the
individual more important than the
city-state? Back up your claim
with evidence.
ANCIENT ATHENS
Athens: The Rise of Democracy
• Free and open society where the
ideas dominated
• Direct democracy: the citizens
themselves made the laws, not
elected representatives
• Assembly was open to adult men
only
• All free men were considered
equal under the law
Characteristics of Athenian
Democracy
1. All citizens (free men) have the
duty participate in government
2. Law results from human
intelligence and the needs of the
community, not gods
3. Common men are capable of
making decisions that effect the
entire community
EDUCATION
• Only boys whose family could
afford school were educated
• Studied music, reading, writing,
and poetry
• Emphasized public speaking skills
• Competed in athletic events
ATHENIAN WOMEN
• No role in public life
• Married at 14
• Lived in isolation; rarely left the
home
• Not taught to read or write
SPREAD OF ATHENIAN
CULTURE
• Unlike Sparta, Athens spread its
culture all over Greece
• Valued political freedom and
cultural creativity
• Do Athenians value the individual
more or the city-state? How do
you know?
Reflective Writing
• Quick Write (at least three
sentences):
In which city-state would you have
rather lived: Sparta or Athens?
Explain your reasoning using
evidence.