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Exercise 45 Anatomy of the Reproductive System 1 Male reproductive system macroscopy 2 Gonads Testis • Exocrine – sperm production • Endocrine – testosterone production • Localized in the scrotum Male reproductive system 3 Duct system Epididymis Posterior to the testis First site of sperm maturation Ducts deferens or vas deferens Extends from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct Ampulla – final enlargement of the duct deferens Male reproductive system 4 Spermatic cord Ducts deferens, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus and nerves enclosed in connective tissue Ejaculatory duct Starts at the junction of the ampulla with the duct of the seminal vesicle Ducts system 5 Male reproductive system 6 Urethra Prostatic Membranous Spongy or penile 7 Male reproductive system 8 Accessory glands Prostate Round muscular organ Encircles the urethra Inferior to the bladder Secretes prostatic fluid with seminalplasmin (antibiotic function) Prostatic fluid is acidic and activates the sperm Male reproductive system 9 Seminal vesicles Lies posterior to the bladder Produce seminal fluid Seminal fluid is rich in fructose that nourishes the sperm It also promotes the fertility of the sperm Ends in a duct that empties into the ejaculatory duct Male reproductive system 10 Bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s glands) Located at the basis of the penis Small and round in shape Ends in a duct that opens in the urethra Produces an alkaline secretion that washes the residual urine out of the urethra Male reproductive system 11 Semen Formed by sperm plus fluid from the accessory glands Scrotum Raphe Scrotal septum and skin Dartos - smooth muscle that wrinkles the scrotum Male reproductive system Superficial fascia Cremaster muscle – skeletal muscles that elevates the testes Tunica vaginalis – derived from peritoneum Scrotal cavity Tunica albuginea Testes 12 Scrotum and Testes 13 14 Male reproductive system 15 Penis Shaft Glans – enlarged tip Prepuce of foreskin – around the end of the glans Corpora cavernosa • Paired cylinders of erectile tissue • Located on the anterior surface of the penis Male reproductive system Corpus spongiosum • Surrounds the penile urethra • Single cylinder of erectile tissue • At the tip of the penis it forms the glans 16 Male reproductive system microscopy 17 Testes Seminiferous tubules Where sperm is formed Interstitial cells Between the seminiferous tubules Site of testosterone production Male reproductive system microscopy 18 Epididymis Pseudostratified epithelium Stereocilia Spermatozoa Male reproductive system microscopy 19 Penis Corpora cavernosa with venous cavities Urethra with transitional epithelium Corpus spongiosum Female reproductive system gross anatomy 20 Gonads Ovaries Exocrine portion – produce the ova Endocrine portion – produce estrogens ands progesterone External genitalia 21 Female reproductive system gross anatomy 22 External genitalia Mons pubis Fat prominence over the pubis Labia majora Hair-covered skin folds Labia minora Hair-free folds Female reproductive system gross anatomy 23 Vestible Clitoris • Erectile tissue • Anterior location on the perineum Urethral orifice • Medial location on the perineum Female reproductive system gross anatomy Vaginal orifice • Posterior location on the perineum • Hymen • Greater vestibular glands (Bartholin) • Secrete fluid that lubricates the vagina during intercourse • Skene’s (paraurethral) glands 24 Female reproductive system gross anatomy 25 Perineum Diamond-shaped region from anterior end of the labial folds to the anus Uterus, vagina, tubes 26 Uterus, vagina, tubes 27 Gross anatomy – internal organs 28 Vagina From the vestibule to the uterus Anterior fornix Posterior fornix Uterus Pear-shaped Localized between the bladder and the rectum Gross anatomy – internal organs Portions of the uterus Cervix • Cervical canal • Internal and external os Body Fundus Vesicouterine pouch Rectouterine pouch 29 Gross anatomy – internal organs 30 Fallopian tubes or uterine tubes From the uterus to the ovaries Isthmus Ampulla Infundibulum • Fimbriae Opens to the peritoneal cavity Pelvic inflammatory disease Ligaments 31 Gross anatomy – internal organs 32 Folds of the peritoneum Broad ligament Mesometrium • Secures the uterus to the lateral body wall Mesosalpinx • Secures the uterine tubes Mesovarium • Secures the ovaries Gross anatomy – internal organs 33 Round ligaments From the uterus to the labia majora Uterosacral ligaments From the uterus to the posterior body wall Ovarian ligaments From the uterus to the ovaries Suspensory ligaments Binds the ovaries to the lateral body wall Female reproductive system microscopy 34 Uterine tubes Serosa Smooth muscle Mucosa • Simple columnar epithelium Lumen Female reproductive system microscopy 35 Uterus Layers of the uterus Endometrium • Functional layer – thick mucosal lining • Menstruation or menses • Basal layer – deeper to the functional layer and responsible for forming it Female reproductive system microscopy Myometrium • Muscular layer Perimetrium • Serosa 36 Female reproductive system-mammary glands 37 Present in both sexes In female estrogens increase the breast size at puberty Gross anatomy Nipple • Opening of the lactiferous sinus Areola Lobes Female reproductive system-mammary glands Lobules Alveoli • Milk production Lactiferous ducts Adipose tissue Suspensory ligaments 38 Female reproductive system-mammary glands 39 Microscopy Glands Inactive alveoli • No lactating phase Active alveoli • Lactating phase Ducts Cat Dissection 40 Female Vagina Uterus Fallopian Tubes Fimbriae Ovaries Broad and suspensory ligaments Cat Dissection 41 Male Scrotum Penis Testis Epidydimis Vas deferens Prostate gland