Download The Digestive System

The Digestive System
By: Jacquelyn Hoang
Minh Phan
Background
Digestion is the process where food and
drinks are broken down into their smallest
parts so the body can use them to build
and nourish cells and to provide energy.
Digestion involves mixing food with
digestive juices, moving it through the
digestive tract, and breaking down large
molecules. Digestion begins in the mouth,
when you chew and swallow, and is
completed through the anus.
The Digestive System
Parts
What parts make up the digestive system?
The Mouth,
Esophagus &
Sphincter
• Swallow food from the mouth
• Where the digestive system begins
• Swallowed food pushed into esophagus
• Esophagus connects throat with stomach
• Esophageal Sphincter is closing
passageway between the two organs
• As food approaches the closed sphincter,
the sphincter relaxes and allows the food
to pass through the stomach
The Stomach
Has 3 main tasks:
1. stores the swallowed food and liquid
2. mixes up the food, liquid, and digestive
(gastric) juices produced by the stomach
3. empties its contents slowly into the small
intestine
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uzl6M1YlU3w
The Small Intestine
Made of 3 segments:
Duodenum: takes in semi-digested food and
continues the digestive system process
Jejunum: carries food through rapidly, with
wave-like muscle contractions, also known
as peristalsis
Ileum: where most of the nutrients from
food are absorbed before emptying into the
large intestine
By the time food reaches the small intestine, it
has already been broken up and mashed into
liquid by the stomach
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The Small Intestine (continued)
It carries out most of the digestive process, absorbing
almost all of the nutrients you get
from the food into your bloodstream.
Has 3 features:
Mucosal folds: increases the surface area and helps
regulate the flow of digested food
Villi: form numerous tiny projections which stick out
into the open space inside intestine, and are covered
with cells that help absorb nutrients from the food
Microvilli: cells on the villi are packed full of tiny hair
like structures called microvilli and help increase the
surface of each individual cell
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The Large Intestine
The large intestine is much broader than the small
intestine and takes a much straighter path through
your belly, or abdomen. Its job is to absorb water and
salts from the material that has not been digested as
food, and gets rid of any waste products left over.
Made up of 3 parts:
Cecum: takes in digested liquid from the ileum
and passes it on to the colon
Colon: principal place for water resorption, and
absorbs salts when needed
Rectum: leftover waste collects there until you use
the bathroom, then let out through anus
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The Colon
Consists of 4 parts:
Ascending colon: pushes any undigested
debris
Transverse colon: food moves through
this
Descending colon: pushes its contents
from just near the spleen
Sigmoid colon: curves inward among coils
of small intestine, empties in rectum
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The Liver
• heaviest and
largest organ
• process nutrients
from food
• make bile
• remove toxins
from body
• builds protein
The Kidneys
• bean-shaped organs, fist sized
• remove wastes and water from the blood
to form urine
• keeps blood clean and chemically
balanced
• actual removal of wasted occur in tiny
units called nephrons, each kidney has
about a million nephrons
Diseases/Conditions
that occur in the digestive system
Glossitits
• a condition that occurs on the tongue
• may occur after pheumonia
Symptoms:
• swelling of tongue & it's petruding from the
lips
• dry red and glossy tongue
Treatments:
put soft linen cloth dipped in solution of
gylcerin over swelling tongue and gives relief
Esophagitis
• occurs in the esophagus
• inflammation of the mucous membrane of the
esophagus
• may arise from swallowing hot drinks or food
Symptoms:
• dull, uneasy feeling, burning sensation
Treatment:
• drinking milk
• eating small bites of ice for relief
Nervous Vomiting
• occurs in the stomach
• caused from seasickness or sick vomiting
Symptoms:
• vomiting
Treatment:
• determining an exciting cause, and
removing it where possible, when the
vomiting ceases
How to keep a healthy
digestive system?
Simple and easy ways
Lifestyle Guidelines
• avoid processed foods
• avoid smoking
• avoid excessive alcohol
• eat healthy, high fiber diet
• being properly vaccinated
• exercise
• slimming down helps reduce the pressure
on your stomach
Overview/Questions
What's the largest and heaviest organ in the
body?
What are the bean-shaped things that
remove waste in the body?
A disease that cause the tongue to swell is?
In the small intestine, what increases surface
area and helps regulate digested food
flow?
Thank
You!