Download Critically Endangered

Red Data FISHES as EIA INDICATORS
:CASE STUDY IN THE GREATER MEKONG SUBREGION
Chavalit Vidthayanon
Wetland Project, WWF Thailand
Criteria in EIA
Species base: Red list, Economic,
Endemic, Global/Local-National
Redlist Status
Habitat base: Diversity Hotspot,
Area of Endemism, Rare
Ecosystem, Critical habitat of spp.
A species is THREATENED when the best available evidence indicates
that it meets any of the criteria for either Critically Endangered,
Endangered or Vulnerable.
Critically Endangered (CR)
วิกฤติ
Considered to be facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild
Endangered (EN)
ใกล้ สูญพันธุ์
Considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild.
Vulnerable (VU)
มีแนวโน้ มใกล้ สูญพันธุ์
Considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild
A species that has been evaluated against the criteria and does not qualify
for a threatened category and is not Extinct or Extinct in the Wild is either:
Near Threatened (NT)
ใกล้ ถูกคุกคาม
When it is close to qualifying for or is likely to qualify for a
threatened category in the near future.
Least Concern (LC)
ไม่ ถูกคุกคาม
When it does not qualify for a threatened category or Near Threatened.
Widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category.
Data Deficient (DD)
ข้ อมูลไม่ เพียงพอ
When there is inadequate information to make a direct,
or indirect, assessment of its extinction risk.
Nature of the Red List Criteria
THREATENED
CATEGORIES
CRITERIA
A
Population
reduction
B
Restricted
geographic range
C
Small population
size & decline
D
Very small or
restricted
population
E
Quantitative
analysis
Critically Endangered (CR)
Quantitative
thresholds
Endangered (EN)
Vulnerable (VU)
Taxa and assemblages to be focused/
reassessment
IUCN 2004-07 S/SE Asian outdated taxa
Highly endemism/exploited areas
Troglobitic taxa
Highly exploited wild stocks, but never / rarely
been captive breed
Thai Redlist Seafishes
34 Involve in Life Reef
Fish Trade
30 Coral reef spp.
60 Sharks and rays. 49 Bony fishes.
14 estuarine spp.
Betta simplex
CR A1acd by Thai Country Evaluation, 2006
IUCN Redlist 2004 as VU D2
• Inhabits only few limestone
swamps in Krabi Province, South.
Thailand.
• EOO less than 100 km2
• AOO < 10 km2 or location < 10
• Occurrence declining continuously
including habitat alteration
• Continuously exploited for aquarium
trades as well as local exploitation as
baitfish
Over-evaluated case
2007 Red List Assessment
EN EN A1ac ver 2.3 (1994) (out of date)
Probarbus jullieni
Fact
2007 Thai Red List Assessment
VU E
• Population/fishing record reduction
observed less than 30%
• Wide ranging over Mekong basinwide and
Pahang basin
• Genetic diversity show healthy populations
in the Mekong
• Captive bred carrying out, commercially
Lake Lanao’s Pait
Puntius amarus
Population
Subpopulations
Population Size
(mature individuals only)
Sub-criterion A1
Observed, estimated,
inferred or suspected past
decline where causes of
decline are understood,
AND are reversible, AND
have now ceased
 50% Vulnerable
 70% Endangered
 90% Critically Endangered
Present
Last 10 years or 3 generations
(whichever is longer)
Sub-criterion A2
Observed, estimated,
inferred or suspected past
decline where causes of
decline may not be
understood, OR may not
be reversible, OR may
not have ceased
 30% Vulnerable
 50% Endangered
 80% Critically Endangered
Present
Last 10 years or 3 generations
(whichever is longer)
Points to remember:
CR
EN
VU
• extent of occurrence, EOO <100 km2
<5000 km2
< 20,000 km2
• area of occupancy. AOO <10 km2
<500 km2
< 2,000 km2
< 5
< 10
• Severely fragmentation
by number of fragments
=1
Threatening Status of Thai
Fishes
Species bases
• IUCN (2004: 73 spp.)
– 1 EW
– 3 Critical
– 12 Endangered
– 22 Vulnerables
– 12 Near Threatened
– 12 Lower Risk
– 11 Data Deficient
• OEPP (1998: 224 spp.)
–
–
–
–
–
3 Extinct
29 Endangered
155 Vulnerables
4 Threatened in the wild
33 Data Deficient
This Thai Categorizes: 273
1 Extinct, 2 Extirpated
18 Critical
42 Endangered
155 Vulnerabled
21 Near Threatened
30 Data Deficient
11 Threatened in situ
IUCN (2006: 70 Thai Marine spp.)
4 Critical (> 90% losses)
3 Endangered (>60-90%)
22 Vulnerabled (>40-60%)
24 Near Threatened (15-40%)
13 Lower Risk
7 Data Deficient
from www.redlist.org
Including 20 species in LRFT
Most of sharks/rays and others are bycatch and
habitat loss threats
Habitat bases
Criteria for indicator
• Sensitive species
– Endemic species
– Specialist (stenotopic)
spp.
• Alien invasion
• Fish anomalies
Habitat integrity
– Existing of Keystone
species/Umbrella spp.
– Can be use as Flagship
species
Sensitive species
• Endemic species : good in
local base
• Specialist (stenotopic)
spp. : good in habitat base
• Wide ranging taxa: best for
all ranges and types
• Large/top predatory and
trophic diversity:
Ecosystem health and fish
stocks
• Habitat diversity
– Habitat types/landscapes
– Heterozygousity
• Species diversity and
Taxonomic diversity
• Genetic diversity
– Population sizes
– Size compositions
– Juveniles and spawners diversity
• Ethno-diversity
– Ethno-fisheries
– Socio-economic value
– Fish ecosystem function and
services
• Taxonomic diversity
– Fish in higher taxa
– Aquatic fauna and
flora in higher taxa
• Invertebrate phyla
• Vertebrate taxa
• Submerge and
riparian dominant
vegetation
Biodiversity indices
• Number of indigenous spp.
• Stock of alien spp.
• Relative % of tolerant and sensitive
spp.
• % of trophic and habitat specialist
• Incident of disease and anomalies
• % of mature, large individuals
• Reproduction of sensitive spp.
• Number of size-, age-classes
FW Fish
Significant
20 hotspots of future
Ramsar Sites potential
Coastal/marine
habitats
Cave fishes
Mekong
Giant catfish
High diversity
150-300 spp.
Endemic fishes
Good place to see
indicator fishes:
Local markets
Dominate replacement of
farm/alien species indicate
degradations of the wetlands:
as well as abandon of local
fishing gears/ knowledge
EthnoDiversity
Over 27 Fishing methods
• Kut Ting 27 types
• Bueng Khong Long 17 types
Over 25 types of fishing
gears from hand collecting
to larger barrages
6 Trophic diversity
Large piscivores
Insectivores
Small carnivores
Benthic feeders
Planktivores
Herbivores
Planktivores
Benthic carnivore
Small predator
Trophic diversity
insectivore
Benthic herbivore
Larger piscivore
Herbivore
Juvenile diversity
At least 70 spp.
juveniles occurred
Taxonomic
Diversity
Over 30 species in
2 wetlands
Taxonomic
Diversity
9 crustacean
18 mollusks
11 FW reptiles
16 amphibians
Kut Ting
Waterplant
Vegetation profiles
Bueng Kong Long
Sensitive taxa
Ecological impact
Bio-indicator in Hillstreams
Tolerant taxa
Bio-indicator in
marshlands
Sensitive species
Tolerant species
Indicator in Mainstream
rivers
Sensitive and larger species
Fishing impact
Ecological impact
Tolerant and small species
Estuaries-lower reaches Fish
80 cyprinids
70 Gobiids
70 catfishes
Mekong Delta Fish
68 families/>460 species
Gobies diversity
mudskippers
Up to 70 species
in the Delta
Elasmobranches
Bio-indicator in Estuaries
Sensitive and larger species
Fishing impact
Ecological impact
Tolerant/ alien species
Criteria for Red Data VS EIA
• Thai/Over all population,
ranges ?
• Refill opportunity ?
• Sub population/subspecies?
• Habitat health function
indicator
Sensitive species
• Ecosystem services
•
Socio-Economic Importance •
•
: Fisheries
: Tourism
: Flagshipness
•
Endemic species : Material
or non material value
Specialist (stenotopic) spp. :
Rare Ecosystem
Wide ranging taxa: % of
existing populations
Large/top predatory and
trophic diversity: Ecosystem
health and stock indices
Mitigation process
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
No-take Zones designation
Fishing regulation
Breeding and restocking
Translocate to Satellite habitats
Habitat rehab.
Habitat Zoning
Modified Project
• Cancel project !!?
Local
participation
base
Thank you
www.siamensis.org
www.wwfthai.org
www.wwfgreatermekong.org
WWF-Canon/R. Kongmoung