Download Appendicular skeleton allows for us to carry out basic movements

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Appendicular skeleton allows for us to carry out basic movements
o Locomotion, manipulation
Oranization
o Girdles: a belt, zone, or encircling structure
 Pectoral
 Incomplete ring (anterior by manubrium, posterior gap)
 4 bones:
o 2 clavicles
 Curvature increases resilience of the clavicles
 Subcutaneous structure
 Shaft thickness can help determine sex
 Increases Mobility of UE by:
 Bracing the should back and out away from
the trunk
 Only bony attachment of shoulder to trunk
 Also important site for muscle attachment
 Fx:
 Clavicle transmits shock of UE to axial
skeleton and thus is most frequently fx
bone (usually at junction of lateral and mid
thirds)
 Distal end of clavicle drops while
proximal end rises, with humerus pulling
medially
o 2 scapulae
 Overlies ribs 2-7, medial border thin while lateral
border reinforces stresses along axis
 Name derived from latin word for shovel
 Structure/function:
 Liberal amount of movement
 Attachment point for muscles
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Surface anatomy of scapula
 Superior angle: T2
 Spine: T3
 Inferior angle: T7
 Acromial angle: origin for arm
measurements
 Deltopectoral triangle
limbs: share basic structure and functional characteristics
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upper
 Humerus (arm)
o Surgical neck is normal pnt of fx
o Flexion/extension: trochlea
o Rotation of ulan/radius: capitulum
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Radias
o Laterally positioned
o Serves in the application of force
o Allows for versatility of hand
o Fx: Colles fx (dinner fork deformity)
 d/t forced extension of hand
 avulsed styloid process, with distal fragment of
radius overriding the rest of the bone
 styloid process will now be straight across from
each other
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Ulna: medial stabilizing bone of forear
o Articulates proximally with huemrus
o No distal articulation with wrist
o During extension epicondyles align with olecranon
o Druing flexion epicodles align vertically with olecranon
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Wrist and Hand
o Three regions:
 Carpus (8 bones)
 So long to pinky, here comes the thumb
 Only lunate and scaphoid in contact with
radius
 Anatomical snuff box
o Triangular depression on
posteriorlateral side of wrist
o Radial artery, scaphoid, and radial
styloid process here
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Metacarpus (5 bones)
 Thumb is first one
 Base, shaft, head
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Phalanges
 Each digit has 3 phalanges except thumb
which has 2
o PIP, MIP, DIP
 Tips of phalanges are flattened and extended
to accommodate nail bed