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Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 6 DRO
The Human Pectoral Girdle and Arm:
The Scapula:
Scapula:
Name:
Period:
*Connects the humerus (arm bone) with the clavicle (collar
bone).
*Forms the posterior part of the pectoral (shoulder)girdle. In
humans, it is a flat bone, roughly triangular in shape.
*Little Shovel
Acromion:
*process that forms the summit of the shoulder
*articulates with the clavicle
*comes from the Greek word Akron" (peak and "Omos"
(shoulder).
Coracoid:
*process works with acromion to stabilize the shoulder.
*Also an attachment site for ligaments
Glenoid fossa:
*Articulates with the head of the humerus
*Greek for "glene" (socket)
Infraspinous fossa:
*origin of the infraspinatus muscle
*rotator cuff muscle
*Inferior to the spine of the scapula
Supraspinous fossa:
*origin of the supraspinatus muscle
*Another rotator cuff muscle
*Superior to the spine of the scapula
Scapular notch:
*forms a foramen with the sometimes ossified superior
transverse ligament
*serves as a passage way for the suprascapular nerve
Subscapular fossa:
*provides an attachment for the subscapularis muscle
Supraglenoid
tubercle:
*attachment for the long head of the triceps brachii
Tuberosity of the
spine:
*projection that anchors connective tissue.
Metacromion:
*projects backward and downward from the acromion
Meta = after, beyond, adjacent
Scapula- anterior
view:
1. Acromion
2. Corocoid
3. Glenoid
4. subscapular
fossa
5. lateral border
6. medial border
7. superior border
.
.
Scapula- posterior
view:
1. spine
2. acromion
3. scapular notch
4. glenoid
5. infraspinous
fossa
6. supraspinous
fossa
7. lateral border
8. medial border
9. superior border
The Clavicle:
Clavicle:
*classified as long bone
*makes up part of the shoulder girdle (pectoral girdle).
*its name is Latin: clavicula ("little key") because the bone
rotates along its axis like a key when the shoulder is
abducted. serves as a rigid support
Bones of the Arm:
Humerus:
*Largest
Proximal extremity
*Composed of: head, neck, greater and lesser tubercles.
and longest bone of the upper extremity.
*Contains a shaft and two extremities.
1) Head:
*the head forms a joint with the glenoid fossa
2) Neck:
*neck- constricted portion provides attachment for ligaments
*situated
3) Greater
tubercle:
on the lateral surface
*gives attachment for tendons.
*more
4) Lesser tubercle:
prominent, situated on the anterior surface, also gives
attachment for tendons
Distal extremity:
*Lateral and medial epicondyle (external and internal
condyles), trochlea, olecranon and coronoid fossae.
1) Epicondyles:
2) Trochlea:
* Articular surface
3) Olecranon
fossa:
*
4) Coronoid fossa:
*
5) Capitulum:
*
receives the olecranon process of the ulna upon
extension of the arm.
receives the coronoid process of the ulna upon flexion of
the arm
Medial side of forearm (little finger)
* The ulna decreases in size downward towards the lower
extremity
Ulna:
*
Proximal extremity:
*
contains the olecranon and coronoid(
1) Olecranon:
*attachment for posterior muscles of the arm
*point of the elbow
2) Coronoid:
*
3) Semilunar
notch:
*
crows beak- processes that form the elbow joint.
trochlear notch- articulates with trochlea of humerus.
Distal extremity:
* contains the styloid process which forms a joint with the
wrist.
1) Styloid:
*stylus- attaches to ligaments of the wrist
Radius:
* smaller of the two lower extremity forelimb bones- found
on the lateral side of the forearm (thumb)
Proximal extremity:
* contains a head and neck
1) Head:
* concave in shape articulates with the capitulum of
humerus
2) Neck:
*
partially forms the elbow joint
Distal extremity:
1) Styloid:
Ulna:
Radius:
contains a styloid process which articulates with the wrist
bones.
*
*
stylus- attaches to ligaments of the wrist
Bones of the wrist and hand:
Wrist: Carpals
1) Trapezium:
2) Trapezoid:
3) Scaphoid:
4) Capitate:
5) Lunate:
6) Hamate:
7) Pisiform:
8) Triquetral:
Hand: Metacarpals
Fingers:
*Phalanges (digits)