Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Bones of Upper Limb • Should girdle clavicle,scapula • Bones of free upper limb – Humerus – Radius and ulna – Carpal bones, metacarpals and phalanges Clavicle “S” shaped, medial 2/3 convex forward and lateral 1/3 convex backward. Acromial end Sternal end Transmits shocks from upper limb to axial skeleton A commonly fractured bone Scapula a triangular flat bone • Three borders – Superior: coracoid process , scapular notch – Lateral (axillary) border – Medial (vertebral) border • Three angles – Superior: opposite to the 2nd rib – Inferior: opposite to the 7th rib / intercostals space – Lateral: glenoid cavity supra- and infraglenoid tubercles • Two surfaces – Anterior surface concave: subscapular fossa – Posterior surface: supra- and infraspinous fossae spine of scapula, acromion Supraspinous fossa scapular notch coracoid process glenoid cavity acromion subscapular fossa spine of scapula Infraspinous fossa Humerus Upper end head of humerus anatomical neck greater and lesser tubercles intertubercular groove surgical neck Shaft deltoid tuberosity groove for radial nerve Lower end lateral and medial epicondyles capitulum trochlea coranoid fossa radial fossa olecranon fossa, sulcus for ulnar nerve olecranon fossa coranoid fossa Radial fossa medial epicondyle capitulum trochlea Radius • Upper end: head of radius neck of radius radial tuberosity radius • Shaft:interosseous border • Lower end: radial styloid process ulnar notch carpal articular surface Radial Styloid olecranon Ulnar Radial notch trochlear notch coronoid process • Upper end: olecranon coronoid process trochlear notch (large curved articular surface) radial notch ulnar tubersity • Lower end styloid process of ulnar head of ulna Ulnar tubersity ulnar Fracture of the distal end of the radius Bones of hand carpal bones metacarpal bones phalanges of fingers Carpal bones Upper Limb X-ray