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Digestive System Vocabulary ©Richard L. Goldman March 31, 2003 from: Delmar’s Comprehensive Medical Terminology absorption alimentary canal amino acids amylase anus ascitic fluid bicuspid tooth bile bilirubin bowel canine tooth cardiac sphincter cecum chyme colon common bile duct crown cuspid tooth deciduous teeth defecation deglutition 2 Passage of substance through a membrane Tube from mouth to anus Chemical compound –acidic carboxyl group + amino group Enzyme that breaks down starch into smaller carbohydrates Opening to eliminate waste © Fluid in peritoneal cavity containing albumin, glucose, & electrolytes Richard L. Goldman Between molars and canines (permolars) Delmar's Secretion of the liver Comprehensive Medical Breakdown of hemoglobin secreted in bile Terminology Tube from stomach to anus Between incisors and premolars (cuspids) Controls passage of food between esophagus and stomach First part of large intestine – a cul-de-sac Partially digested food and digestive secretions Large intestine form cecum to rectum Duct formed by the joining of the cystic and hepatic ducts Part of tooth above the gum Between incisors and premolars (canine) Primary teeth – baby teeth Expelling feces from rectum through anus Swallowing dentin dietitian digestion digestive tract duodenum emulsify enamel endocrine gland exocrine gland enzyme esophagus fatty acids feces gallbladder gastrointestinal tract gavage gingival glucose glycogen glycogenesis glucagon 3 Material that makes up the body of a tooth Professional that creates diets Physical and chemical altering of food so that used by the body Tube from mouth to anus First part of the small intestine © To break oil into very small fat globules Richard L. Goldman Hard white covering of teeth Delmar's Gland that secretes enzymes into blood Comprehensive Medical Gland that secretes enzymes into transport ducts Terminology Catalyzing protein Tube from pharynx to stomach Produced by the hydrolysis of a neutral acid Waste that is expelled through anus Sac where bile is stored until need for digestion Tube from mouth to anus Feed through a tube Gum Simple sugar Complex sugar Conversion of glucose to glycogen Pancreatic hormone - stimulates liver to convert glycogen into glucose glycogenolysis hepatocyte hydrochloric acid ileum incisor insulin jejunum lavage lipase liver lower GI tract mastication molar tooth nutritionist oropharynx palate pancreas papillae parotid gland peristalsis permanent teeth 4 Breakdown of glycogen to glucose Liver cell Acidic solution containing hydrogen and chlorine (HCL) Distal portion of the small intestine Front teeth © Hormone secreted by pancreas due to increase in blood glucose Richard L. Goldman Middle portion of the small intestine Delmar's Washing Comprehensive Medical Enzyme that aids in the digestion of fat Terminology Produces bile & enzymes to metabolize carbohydrates, fat, & protein Small and large intestine Chewing, tearing, or grinding food with teeth while mixing with saliva Back teeth used for grinding food Studies and applies the principles and science of nutrition Section of pharynx leading away from the oral cavity Roof of mouth Secretes digestive enzymes, insulin, and glucagon Small projections Large salivary glands on the side of the face Coordinated contraction to move material through a tube Replaces deciduous teeth – 32 teeth (secondary teeth) pharynx premolar tooth pulp pyloric sphincter rectum rugae saliva salivary glands secondary teeth sigmoid colon sphincter stomach triglycerides upper GI tract uvula villi 5 Throat Between and canines (bicuspid) Soft spongy tissue – chamber of tooth with nerves & blood supply Regulates the passage of chime from stomach to duodenum Portion of large intestine from sigmoid colon to anus © Ridge or fold Richard L. Goldman Clear viscous fluid secreted by salivary and mucus glands Delmar's Three pair of glands secreting into mouth Comprehensive Medical Replaces deciduous teeth – 32 teeth (permanent teeth) Terminology Connects descending colon to rectum – “S” shaped Circular band of muscle that constricts a passageway Muscular sac in alimentary canal -secretes gastric juices for digestion Fat or oil – Composed of fatty acids and glycerol Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and stomach Process suspended from back of palate Tiny projections covering entire surface of small intestine
