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Chapter 1
Historical Thinking
Day 1
Historical Map
Map that teaches us about a certain
historical period.
Europe in 1914
Europe in 1939
Population Map
Map that shows where people live.
Flow Map
Map that shows movement from on area
to another
Physical Map
Map that indicates landforms like deserts,
mountains, and plains.
Political Map
Map that shows the agreed upon borders
of states and nations
Chapter 1
Historical Thinking
Day 2
Primary Sources
Sources that come from the time
a historian is studying.
• Writings
• Pictures
• Oral Accounts
• Etc.
Secondary Sources
•
•
•
•
•
Sources that come from others
who have already studied
primary sources.
Articles
Documentary
Historical Books
Encyclopedia
Etc.
Timelines
Historians use timelines as a representation of
the chronological order of events.
In other words, they show when things
happened in relation to one another.
How to interpret as timeline.
Title – tells
what kind of
information is
on the timeline
Events –
Gives a
brief
description
of the
event.
Dates – Tells the
date the event
occurred.
Bar Graph
Graph that uses bars to display information.
It can be horizontal
(sideways)
It can be vertical
(up and down)
Line Graph
Graph that uses lines to display information
It can have one line
It can have multiple lines.
How to interpret a bar graph.
Scale – tells
how many or
how much. It
contains evenly
distributed
numbers that
represent some
unit of measure.
Title – tells
what kind of
information is
on the graph
Bar Labels –
describe
individual parts
of the graph
Axis Lines – A
graph contains 2
axis lines. The
Vertical runs
along the side of
the graph. The
horizontal runs
along the bottom
of the graph
Key –(Legend)
explains any
further
information
contained in the
graph
Label the bar graph
Label the line graph
Circle (Pie) Graph
Graph used to display information in
percentages
It could be singular
It could be used to compare
information
How to interpret a Circle Graph.
Title – tells
what kind of
information is
on the graph
Percentages
– shows the
percentage
represented.
Key –
(Legend)
explains any
further
information
contained in
the graph
Label the circle graph
Chapter 1
Historical Thinking
Day 3
Fact v. Opinion
When studying sources it is very important to know
the difference between fact & opinion
Facts can be proven and cannot
be disputed.
• Ex. Michael Jordan – the
greatest basketball player of all
time.
Opinions are beliefs a person has
based on how they interpret
certain facts.
• Ex. Lebron James – the
greatest basketball player of all
time.
Propaganda
• Information used to
persuade people to think
a certain way. It is used to
get people to support
something, oppose
something, or buy
something.
• It can be true or false,
positive or negative.
Propaganda
Transfer
Testimonial
The act of relating something
or someone we like or respect
with a product. Symbols are
constantly used in this form.
The use of well known,
respected people to endorse a
product or service.
Propaganda
Glittering Generalities
Plain Folks
The act of referring to words or
ideas that evoke a positive
emotional response from an
audience. Virtue words are
often used
The use of everyday people to
sell a product or service.
Speakers in ads appear to
make the person to be one of
the people.
Propaganda
Bandwagon
Attempts to persuade the target
audience to take a course of
action that “everyone else” is
taking, to “join the crowd,“ or
“jump on the bandwagon.” This
technique reinforces people’s
natural desire to be on the
winning side.
Name Calling
The use of names that evoke
fear or hatred in the viewer.
This technique links a person
or idea to a negative symbol.
Propaganda
Card Stacking
Strategy of showing the
product's best features.
Telling half-truths and
omitting or lying about its
potential problems.
Symbols
Strategy of getting people
to associate symbols with a
product or movement.
Chapter 1
Historical Thinking
Day 4
Political Cartoons
Political Cartoons are cartoon
images that have been drawn
to make a political point.
Historians can learn a lot about a
period by studying political
cartoons.
Symbols
Uncle Sam
and a Bald
Eagle
represent the
U.S.
The lady in
the cartoon
represents
liberty and
freedom
Symbols
The Capitol
Building
represents
Congress
The White
House
represents
the President
The Lady represents
the judicial system
and the building
represents the
Supreme Court
Symbols
An Elephant
represents
the
Republican
Party
A Donkey
represents
the
Democratic
Party
GOP
represents
the
Republican
Party
DEM
represents
the
Democratic
Party
Symbols
A Swastika
is a symbol
for Nazi
Germany in
World War
II
A Hammer &
Sickle are a
symbol for
the Soviet
Union
(Communist
Russia)
Big men or
bags of
money
represent
Monopolies
or Trusts
Symbols
Some
symbols are
labeled to let
you know
what they
represent.
The men in
the cartoon
represent
different
countries in
the world.
An Octopus
represents
a trust
People in
black robes
represent the
Supreme
Court or
other courts.
You should answer the following
questions when trying to interpret a
Political Cartoon:
1. What does the caption say in the cartoon?
2. What are the symbols in the cartoon?
3. Who are the real people in the cartoon?
4. What event is being shown in the cartoon?
5. What is the artist’s opinion in the cartoon?
Interpret the Political Cartoon
1. What does the caption
say in the cartoon?
2. What are the symbols
in the cartoon?
3. Who are the real
people in the cartoon?
4. What event is being
shown in the cartoon?
5. What is the artist’s
opinion in the
cartoon?
Interpret the Political Cartoon
1. What does the caption
say in the cartoon?
2. What are the symbols
in the cartoon?
3. Who are the real
people in the cartoon?
4. What event is being
shown in the cartoon?
5. What is the artist’s
opinion in the cartoon?
Interpret the Political Cartoon
1. What does the caption
say in the cartoon?
2. What are the symbols
in the cartoon?
3. Who are the real
people in the cartoon?
4. What event is being
shown in the cartoon?
5. What is the artist’s
opinion in the
cartoon?
Interpret the Political Cartoon
1. What does the caption
say in the cartoon?
2. What are the symbols
in the cartoon?
3. Who are the real
people in the cartoon?
4. What event is being
shown in the cartoon?
5. What is the artist’s
opinion in the cartoon?
Interpret the Political Cartoon
1. What does the caption
say in the cartoon?
2. What are the symbols
in the cartoon?
3. Who are the real
people in the cartoon?
4. What event is being
shown in the cartoon?
5. What is the artist’s
opinion in the cartoon?
Interpret the Political Cartoon
1. What does the caption
say in the cartoon?
2. What are the symbols
in the cartoon?
3. Who are the real
people in the cartoon?
4. What event is being
shown in the cartoon?
5. What is the artist’s
opinion in the cartoon?
Interpret the Political Cartoon
1. What does the caption
say in the cartoon?
2. What are the symbols
in the cartoon?
3. Who are the real
people in the cartoon?
4. What event is being
shown in the cartoon?
5. What is the artist’s
opinion in the cartoon?
Political Cartoon
Activity
Create your own Political Cartoon about
an important current event that
includes the following:
•
•
•
•
1 real person
2 symbols
A caption
An interpretation of your cartoon