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Chapter 1 Historical Thinking Day 1 Historical Map Map that teaches us about a certain historical period. Europe in 1914 Europe in 1939 Population Map Map that shows where people live. Flow Map Map that shows movement from on area to another Physical Map Map that indicates landforms like deserts, mountains, and plains. Political Map Map that shows the agreed upon borders of states and nations Chapter 1 Historical Thinking Day 2 Primary Sources Sources that come from the time a historian is studying. • Writings • Pictures • Oral Accounts • Etc. Secondary Sources • • • • • Sources that come from others who have already studied primary sources. Articles Documentary Historical Books Encyclopedia Etc. Timelines Historians use timelines as a representation of the chronological order of events. In other words, they show when things happened in relation to one another. How to interpret as timeline. Title – tells what kind of information is on the timeline Events – Gives a brief description of the event. Dates – Tells the date the event occurred. Bar Graph Graph that uses bars to display information. It can be horizontal (sideways) It can be vertical (up and down) Line Graph Graph that uses lines to display information It can have one line It can have multiple lines. How to interpret a bar graph. Scale – tells how many or how much. It contains evenly distributed numbers that represent some unit of measure. Title – tells what kind of information is on the graph Bar Labels – describe individual parts of the graph Axis Lines – A graph contains 2 axis lines. The Vertical runs along the side of the graph. The horizontal runs along the bottom of the graph Key –(Legend) explains any further information contained in the graph Label the bar graph Label the line graph Circle (Pie) Graph Graph used to display information in percentages It could be singular It could be used to compare information How to interpret a Circle Graph. Title – tells what kind of information is on the graph Percentages – shows the percentage represented. Key – (Legend) explains any further information contained in the graph Label the circle graph Chapter 1 Historical Thinking Day 3 Fact v. Opinion When studying sources it is very important to know the difference between fact & opinion Facts can be proven and cannot be disputed. • Ex. Michael Jordan – the greatest basketball player of all time. Opinions are beliefs a person has based on how they interpret certain facts. • Ex. Lebron James – the greatest basketball player of all time. Propaganda • Information used to persuade people to think a certain way. It is used to get people to support something, oppose something, or buy something. • It can be true or false, positive or negative. Propaganda Transfer Testimonial The act of relating something or someone we like or respect with a product. Symbols are constantly used in this form. The use of well known, respected people to endorse a product or service. Propaganda Glittering Generalities Plain Folks The act of referring to words or ideas that evoke a positive emotional response from an audience. Virtue words are often used The use of everyday people to sell a product or service. Speakers in ads appear to make the person to be one of the people. Propaganda Bandwagon Attempts to persuade the target audience to take a course of action that “everyone else” is taking, to “join the crowd,“ or “jump on the bandwagon.” This technique reinforces people’s natural desire to be on the winning side. Name Calling The use of names that evoke fear or hatred in the viewer. This technique links a person or idea to a negative symbol. Propaganda Card Stacking Strategy of showing the product's best features. Telling half-truths and omitting or lying about its potential problems. Symbols Strategy of getting people to associate symbols with a product or movement. Chapter 1 Historical Thinking Day 4 Political Cartoons Political Cartoons are cartoon images that have been drawn to make a political point. Historians can learn a lot about a period by studying political cartoons. Symbols Uncle Sam and a Bald Eagle represent the U.S. The lady in the cartoon represents liberty and freedom Symbols The Capitol Building represents Congress The White House represents the President The Lady represents the judicial system and the building represents the Supreme Court Symbols An Elephant represents the Republican Party A Donkey represents the Democratic Party GOP represents the Republican Party DEM represents the Democratic Party Symbols A Swastika is a symbol for Nazi Germany in World War II A Hammer & Sickle are a symbol for the Soviet Union (Communist Russia) Big men or bags of money represent Monopolies or Trusts Symbols Some symbols are labeled to let you know what they represent. The men in the cartoon represent different countries in the world. An Octopus represents a trust People in black robes represent the Supreme Court or other courts. You should answer the following questions when trying to interpret a Political Cartoon: 1. What does the caption say in the cartoon? 2. What are the symbols in the cartoon? 3. Who are the real people in the cartoon? 4. What event is being shown in the cartoon? 5. What is the artist’s opinion in the cartoon? Interpret the Political Cartoon 1. What does the caption say in the cartoon? 2. What are the symbols in the cartoon? 3. Who are the real people in the cartoon? 4. What event is being shown in the cartoon? 5. What is the artist’s opinion in the cartoon? Interpret the Political Cartoon 1. What does the caption say in the cartoon? 2. What are the symbols in the cartoon? 3. Who are the real people in the cartoon? 4. What event is being shown in the cartoon? 5. What is the artist’s opinion in the cartoon? Interpret the Political Cartoon 1. What does the caption say in the cartoon? 2. What are the symbols in the cartoon? 3. Who are the real people in the cartoon? 4. What event is being shown in the cartoon? 5. What is the artist’s opinion in the cartoon? Interpret the Political Cartoon 1. What does the caption say in the cartoon? 2. What are the symbols in the cartoon? 3. Who are the real people in the cartoon? 4. What event is being shown in the cartoon? 5. What is the artist’s opinion in the cartoon? Interpret the Political Cartoon 1. What does the caption say in the cartoon? 2. What are the symbols in the cartoon? 3. Who are the real people in the cartoon? 4. What event is being shown in the cartoon? 5. What is the artist’s opinion in the cartoon? Interpret the Political Cartoon 1. What does the caption say in the cartoon? 2. What are the symbols in the cartoon? 3. Who are the real people in the cartoon? 4. What event is being shown in the cartoon? 5. What is the artist’s opinion in the cartoon? Interpret the Political Cartoon 1. What does the caption say in the cartoon? 2. What are the symbols in the cartoon? 3. Who are the real people in the cartoon? 4. What event is being shown in the cartoon? 5. What is the artist’s opinion in the cartoon? Political Cartoon Activity Create your own Political Cartoon about an important current event that includes the following: • • • • 1 real person 2 symbols A caption An interpretation of your cartoon