* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Document
East Tennessee bridge burnings wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Big Bethel wikipedia , lookup
Fort Fisher wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Fredericksburg wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Appomattox Station wikipedia , lookup
Second Battle of Corinth wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Malvern Hill wikipedia , lookup
Tennessee in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Roanoke Island wikipedia , lookup
Blockade runners of the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
First Battle of Lexington wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Wilson's Creek wikipedia , lookup
Red River Campaign wikipedia , lookup
Battle of New Bern wikipedia , lookup
Economy of the Confederate States of America wikipedia , lookup
Capture of New Orleans wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Antietam wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Namozine Church wikipedia , lookup
South Carolina in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
United States presidential election, 1860 wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Shiloh wikipedia , lookup
Anaconda Plan wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Lewis's Farm wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Seven Pines wikipedia , lookup
Baltimore riot of 1861 wikipedia , lookup
Virginia in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Cedar Creek wikipedia , lookup
Confederate privateer wikipedia , lookup
First Battle of Bull Run wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Gaines's Mill wikipedia , lookup
Hampton Roads Conference wikipedia , lookup
Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps wikipedia , lookup
Conclusion of the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Alabama in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Fort Pillow wikipedia , lookup
Border states (American Civil War) wikipedia , lookup
Issues of the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Opposition to the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Georgia in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
United Kingdom and the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Chapter 17 – The Civil War Vocabulary Secession Emancipation Proclamation Union Confederacy Reconstruction Radical Reconstruction Literacy tests Poll taxes Grandfather clauses Anaconda Plan North Minimal slavery Industrial economy Immigrants from Western Europe Immigrants from Eastern Europe Factories Railroads South Massive slavery Agricultural economy Well trained on horseback, shooting, knowing the land Concepts Causes of the Civil War Emancipation Proclamation Kansas-Nebraska Act Wade-Davis Bill Reconstructionist Act Black codes Plessy v. Ferguson Dred Scott decision Western expansion and its effects on Native Americans Plains farmers Union (North) Battle Plan Anaconda Plan B Blockade C Control C Capture Confederate (South) Battle Plan PLAY DEFENSE Early Encounters President Lincoln orders that attacks begin…and Union troops set out from Washington, DC on the road to Richmond about 100 miles away The Civil War Union United States of America Abraham Lincoln, President of the USA General McClellan General Grant Confederacy Confederate States of America Jefferson Davis, President of the CSA General Robert E. Lee Battle of Bull Run (C) Union troops are heading for Richmond (BCC) No discipline in battle lines This battle shows that both the UNION and the CONFEDERATES need battle training Confederates win the battle! Caution, Delay and Retreat After Bull Run, Lincoln appointed General George McClellan as Commander of the Union Army of the East (know as the Army of the Potomac) McClellan transforms recruits into trained soldiers but he is too cautious Lee counterattacks and McClellan abandons his attack and retreats Naval Battles Blockade runners – brought goods to the Confederacy Trade drops 90% Iron warships Confederates take over the USS Merrimack and rename her the USS Virginia Union ship USS Monitor Antietam (U) 23,000 Confederate and Union soldiers killed or wounded No clear winner, North claimed victory Northern forces don’t lose Southern forces withdraw Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville (C) Fredericksburg - one of the Union’s worst defeats, Union defeated by guns up on high ground – 13,000 Union deaths, 5,000 Confederate Chancellorsville – Union troops defeated in 3 days…friendly fire kills Gen. Stonewall Jackson Shiloh – (U) Union victory Bloody battle, Grant promises victory and Union wins…which inspires the Union troops What was Lincoln’s Goal??? How many slave states remained in the Union? Why was Lincoln so concerned with these border states? By mid-1862, Lincoln comes to realize he can save the Union only by broadening the goals of the war…but keeping the “loyal” slave states happy The Emancipation Proclamation Motives and Timing 3 million slaves working for the Confederacy (raising food, working in mines, serving as nurses and cooks) Lincoln felt that he could act to free the slaves without threatening the Union Lincoln waited for a battle victory (Antietam) before announcing the Emancipation Proclamation Emancipation Proclamation Freed enslaved African Americans living in the Confederacy It changed the purpose of the war…now the Union was fighting to end slavery as well as save the Union Hardships of War Life of Soldiers…harsh…from 17 to 50 New technology (cone shaped bullets made rifles more accurate) improved cannons Average death/wounded in battle was ¼ Medical care was horrible…amputations, gangrene, starvation Opposition to the WarCopperheads (poisonous snakes…) Draft Law: required all males between 20 and 45 to serve…but you could pay the government $300 or you could hire someone to go in your place Riots in Cities New York City 1863, white workers attacked free blacks, people attacked rich NY men…74 people were killed Habeas Corpus Lincoln moved to stop the rioting…he suspended “habeas corpus” (right to be charged or have a hearing before being jailed) 14,000 people arrested, most were never charged or brought to trial…they were just held and then released Problems in the South Davis had a hard time creating a strong federal government because??? Southerners resisted paying taxes to a central government…Georgia threatened to seceded from the Confederacy South had to pass a draft law…men with more than 20 slaves did not have to serve South almost allowed slaves to serve Northern Economy Civil War cost more than any other war Union had to use several strategies to raise money The war helped the Northern economy Taxation and Inflation Income tax – implemented for the first time during the Civil War..tax on people’s earnings New government office, Internal Revenue Service Inflation – rise in prices and a decrease in the value of money Economic Benefits Need for machinery for farms (because farmers went off to fight)…farm production went up Wartime demand for clothing, shoes, guns, etc. increased manufacturing Profiteers charged excessive prices for goods that the government needed for the war Southern Economy Economic ruin Cost of the war Loss of the cotton trade Severe shortages because of blockades Confederacy imposed an income tax and tax-in-kind (turn over 1/10 of your crops to the government…because farmers had crops but no money) Paper money soon became worthless One Confederate $ = 2 cents in gold Prices…. Barrel of flour = $275.00 $151.00 today Potatoes = $25.00 a bushel $20.00 today Butter = $15 a pound $2.00 at Waldbaums on sale! Effects of the Blockade Severe shortages Soldiers had to wait weeks and even months for re-supply of food and clothing Women in the War As men went to war…women did their jobs Nursing became a job for women…and not just men Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross Fall of Vicksburg Grant attacks Siege – military encircling of an enemy position and blockade of the city Confederate forces are surrounded Siege lasts for almost 6 weeks Gettysburg 3 day battle in Pennsylvania 50,000 Confederate and Union soldiers killed Pickett’s Charge – like D-Day, 1,000 yards of open ground, Union soldiers on higher ground Lee feels guilty about the loss of life…Confederates NEVER invade the North again Gettysburg Address Lincoln addresses the crowd at Gettysburg…dedicating the cemetery Lincoln speaks about Confederates and Union soldiers together 10 sentence speech…remembered today as one of the best in history Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met here on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of it as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But in a larger sense we can not dedicate - we can not consecrate - we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they have, thus far, so nobly carried on. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us - that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion… - that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation shall have a new birth of freedom; and that this government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. Abraham Lincoln…Gettysburg Address Grant’s Plan for Total War Destroy the South’s ability to fight Destroy food, equipment and anything else needed by the enemy US General Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley Destroyed farms and livestock Burned over 2,000 barns filled with grain No food left for Lee’s soldiers…or southern civilians Sherman’s March to the Sea Ordered to march and capture from Atlanta to the Atlantic Ocean Atlanta is captured in September 1864 Sherman’s march to the sea begins and his men burn a large part of Atlanta His men rip up railroad tracks, build bonfires from the railroad ties and twist the rails They kill livestock and tear up fields They burn bridges, homes and factories Lincoln is Re-elected Close vote but Lincoln is reelected Lincoln says in his inauguration, “freedom, equality, with malice towards none…bind up wounds…achieve a just and lasting…” Civil War Ends General Robert E. Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House in VA Soldiers were required to turn over rifles, officers were permitted to keep pistols “each officer and man will be able to return to their homes…” Turning Point 360,000 Union soldiers killed 250,000 Confederate soldiers killed $20,000,000,000 Power of the Federal Government increased Possible Essays Causes for the Civil War Civil War Battles Who was more prepared – North or South?