Download Study Guide for Exam 3

Study Guide for Nutrition Exam 3
Spring 2017
Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations for Diabetes Mellitus
Define/Describe/Explain:
o DM type 1
o DM type 2
o Glucose
o Insulin
o Glucagon
o Insulin shock
o Hyperglycemia
o Rebound hypoglycemia
o Glycation
o HB A1c
o Retinopathy
o Neuropathy
o ketones
o Ketoacidosis
o Polyuria
o Polydipsia
o Polyphagia
o Glycemic Index
 Hyperglycemia is common in both DM type 1 and DM type 2. List at least 5 reasons you should
be concerned about hyperglycemia.
 Tell me all you know about DM type 1: incidence, cause, S&S, treatments, dietary guidelines,
etc.
 Tell me all you know about DM type 2: incidence, cause(s), S&S, treatments, dietary guidelines,
etc.
JJames
Updated 5/6/2017
1
Nutrients Affecting Alertness, Learning, Memory, Dementia, Alzheimer’s, etc.
Define/Describe/Explain:
o free radicals
o antioxidants
o essential fatty acids (such as omega 3 and omega 6)
o neurotransmitters: acetylcholine, norepinephrine, and dopamine
o dementia
o Alzheimer’s
 Tell me all you know about free radicals and how antioxidants “protect” us from them.
JJames
Updated 5/6/2017
2
Human Digestive System [a.k.a. Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract] “How a piece of pie
becomes a piece of poop.”
Define/Describe/Explain:
o esophagus
o stomach
o lower esophageal sphincter (LES) (a.k.a. gastroesophageal sphincter)
o pyloric sphincter
o rugae
o pepsinogen
o intrinsic factor
o chyme
o small intestine
o villi of small intestine
o pancreas
o large intestine (a.k.a. colon)
o rectum
o sphincter
o lumen
o peristalsis (a.k.a. peristaltic contractions)
o peptic ulcers
o H. pylori
o Lactose vs. lactase
o Anaphylaxis (a.k.a. anaphylactic reaction)
o GERD
o Amylase
o Proteases
o Lipases
 What are the digestive enzymes added at the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large
intestine? What nutrient(s) is broken down by each enzyme?
 How long is food typically in the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine?
 Tell me all you know about GERD – causes, S&S, treatments (or how to live with it.)
 Tell me all you know about lactose intolerance – cause, S&S, treatments (or how to live with it.)
 If someone with lactose intolerance avoids all dairy products what nutrient(s) are they likely to
be deficient in? What are some alternative non-dairy good sources of calcium?
 Tell me all you know about food allergies – causes, S&S, treatments (or how to live with it.)
Name the 8 foods that cause 90% of all reactions.
 Tell me all you know about peptic ulcers – cause(s), S&S, and treatment.
JJames
Updated 5/6/2017
3
Immunity & Food Allergies
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Leukocytes
macrophages
antigen
antibodies
Mast cells
Histamine
B cells
allergen
Allergic reaction (a.k.a. allergy)
Food allergy
Anaphylactic Shock (anaphylaxis)
 Identify several nutrients known to be required for a proper functioning (strong) immune
system.
 What 8 foods cause 90% of all food allergies?
 For someone who is allergic to a food we say they were “sensitized” by one exposure but it’s the
2nd exposure that causes the signs and symptoms. Explain how all this works.
 Food allergies are becoming more common all the time. Give a few statistics that illustrates this
and a few proposed reasons as to why this is the case.
JJames
Updated 5/6/2017
4