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Global Science Unit 3 Packet B Name_________________ Per ____ DUE___________ How Plates Create Background Information: Most scientists believe that Earth’s crust is broken into 20 pieces called plates. Each plate is the thickness of the crust and the rigid upper mantle. The plates move slowly, floating on the mushy, flowing mantle below them. Some of the plates move up to two inches a year. That’s about as fast as a fingernail grows. The surface of some of the plates is mostly ocean, while that of others is made up of entire continents and parts of oceans. Where two plates meet, they can spread apart, come together, or slide past each other. These interactions between plates -- and the intense pressure, friction, and crust melting they create -- are responsible for much of our planet’s volcanic and earthquake activity. They also build mountains and recycle Earth’s crust. Objective: To create a working diagram that shows the movements of Earth’s plates Materials: Student worksheet, reproducible pages, scissors, tape, glue, colored pencils Making the Model: 1. Color the diagram using appropriate colors: Color the following parts: a. Page 114 (Left hand side) i. Part 1 – GREEN with YELLOW arrow ii. Part 2 – BLACK with RED arrow iii. Ocean – BLUE iv. Crust – BROWN b. Page 115 (Right Hand Side) i. Part 4 – GREEN with YELLOW arrow ii. Part 3 – BLACK with RED arrow iii. Ocean – BLUE iv. Crust – BROWN v. Hills behind part 4 – BROWN and GREEN c. Page 116 i. Parts A, E, H – RED ii. Parts B, C – Each section a different color, B and C must mirror each other iii. Part D, G – YELLOW with BLUE arrow, upper square is same as parts 4 and 1 iv. Part F, I – BROWN, BLUE, and other colors. 1. Cut out the large rectangle on page 114 and set it to the left. Cut out the large rectangle on page 115 and set it to the right 2. Bring the two rectangles together, side by side, and glue onto 11x17 paper. The numbers should be about midway down each page and should read 1 to 4 from left to right 3. Cut out the nine pieces on page 116 and paste them in the correct spot on the large rectangular sheet you just made. (Example: piece A gets glued to the spot where the diagram is labeled A) Page 1 of 21 Global Science Unit 3 Packet B Name_________________ Per ____ DUE___________ 4. Label the diagram using the terms below a. mid ocean ridge b. magma c. trench d. volcanic arc e. volcanoes f. convergent boundary g. divergent boundary 5. Use your diagram to answer the following questions Concept Development 1. You are looking at the parts of four plates. Each plate is numbered with arrows showing its direction of movement. Most of each plate’s surface is _______________________. 2. Look at the center of the model. The edges of plates 2 and 3 are __________________. This opens giant cracks in the sea-floor called _________________________________. 3. Piece A shows that hot magma rises and slowly oozes out of the rifts as _________________. As the lava cools, it builds ________________________. 4. As plates 2 and 3 move apart, they act like giant conveyor belts moving the mountains away from the cracks. More _______________________ form in their place, building underwater mountain ranges called _______________________________________. 5. Focus on the edges of plates 1 and 2 that are moving toward each other. This is an example of a _______________________ boundary. Where they meet, the edge of plate 2 bends and dives under plate 1. This forms a _______________. 6. As the edge of plate 2 dives into the _________________________, it grinds and scrapes against plate 1. If the edges lock together, pressure can build, causing an ________________________. 7. High heat inside of the crust melts the edge of plate 2 into _________________. Some of the magma may rise and break through the sea-floor. 8. __________________ the erupts from the sea-floor can build a line of island volcanoes called a ______________________________. Japan, the Philippines, and the Aleutian Islands off Alaska are parts of volcanic arcs. 9. Focus on where plates 3 and 4 are moving towards each other. At the edge of plate 3 there is an ________________. At the edge of plate 4 there is a ___________________. Page 2 of 21 Global Science Unit 3 Packet B Name_________________ Per ____ DUE___________ 10. What does G represent? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 11. What does H represent? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 12. What does I represent? ________________________________________________________________ 13. Also, many ____________________________ on land occur where the ocean edge of one plate dives under the continent edge of another. 14. What type of boundary is between: a. Plates 1 and 2: _____________________________________________________ b. Plates 2 and 3: _____________________________________________________ c. Plates 3 and 4: _____________________________________________________ 15. What are plates composed of? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 16. Your model shows two ways that plates can interact with one another. What’s the third way? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 17. What type of landforms result from the following types of collisions at convergent plate boundaries? a. oceanic - continental: ________________________________________________ b. oceanic - oceanic: __________________________________________________ c. continental - continental: _________________________________________________ 18. Why are earthquakes associated with some plate boundaries? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Page 3 of 21 Global Science Unit 3 Packet B Ch17 pt 2 Cornell Notes Questions/ Prompts Structure and Origins of Rocks -what are rocks made of? -what are minerals? -why is quartz a mineral but not coal? -how many minerals make up 95% of all rocks? - list the 9 most common rockforming minerals Name_________________ Per ____ DUE___________ Your Answers/ Notes Molten rock cools to form igneous rock -how is igneous rock formed? -when a rock cools quickly what happens to the crystals? - what will happen to the crystals if the rock cools slowly? -what are the 2 examples of extrusive rock? - what is the example given for an intrustive rock? - make a T-chart to describe the difference between extrusive and intrusive rocks Remains of older rocks and organisms form sedimentary rocks -what is weathering? -why are sedimentary rocks recycled rocks? -what are fossils? -what are the 2 ways sedimentary rocks are formed? -how are sedimentary rocks named? - what is a conglomerate? Page 4 of 21 Global Science Unit 3 Packet B Rocks that undergo pressure and heating without melting form metamorphic rock -heat and pressure will change what 2 characteristics of a rock? -limestone will become what type of rock? -what are the 2 ways rocks can be changed? The Rock Cycle -draw the rock cycle and label the 3 rock types and the 8 process arrows The relative age of rocks can be determined using the principle of superposition -what is the principle of superposition? -how does superposition let scientists find the relative age of different fossils found in rock layers? Radioactive dating can determine a more exact, or absolute, age of rocks -how long do the radioactive elements in minerals take to decay? -which isotope are most reliable for find rock ages? Page 5 of 21 Name_________________ Per ____ DUE___________ Global Science Unit 3 Packet B Name_________________ Per ____ DUE___________ Relative Dating Worksheet Part 1 **Look at the diagram below. Put the events in order from first (oldest) to last (youngest), including any events such as erosion, intrusions, faulting and/or folding. ALSO, **Explain how they occurred/how you know it is that old (i.e.— Law of Superposition, Cross-Cutting, Horizontality, etc.) weathering & erosion Letter Law (Superposition, Horizontality, Cross-Cutting Relations) 14.______ ____________________________________ (youngest) 13.______ ____________________________________ 12. .______ ____________________________________ 11.______ ____________________________________ 10. .______ ____________________________________ 9. .______ ____________________________________ 8. .______ ____________________________________ 7. .______ ____________________________________ 6. .______ ____________________________________ 5. .______ ____________________________________ 4. .______ ____________________________________ 3. .______ ____________________________________ 2. .______ ____________________________________ 1. .______ ____________________________________ (oldest) Page 6 of 21 Global Science Unit 3 Packet B Name_________________ Per ____ DUE___________ **Look at the diagram below. Put the events in order from first (oldest) to last (youngest), including any events such as erosion, intrusions, faulting and/or folding. ALSO, **Explain how they occurred/how you know it is that old (i.e.— Law of Superposition, Cross-Cutting, Horizontality, etc.) The various sedimentary layers above are labeled as B, E, K and W. The timing of the fault (break) in the rocks (labeled Q) must be included in the sequence of events. Letter Law (Superposition, Horizontality, Cross-Cutting Relations) 5.______ ____________________________________ (youngest) 4.______ ____________________________________ 3.______ ____________________________________ 2.______ ____________________________________ 1.______ ____________________________________ (oldest) Page 7 of 21 Global Science Unit 3 Name_________________ Packet B Per ____ DUE___________ **Look at the diagram below. Put the events in order from first (oldest) to last (youngest), including any events such as erosion, intrusions, faulting and/or folding. ALSO, **Explain how they occurred/how you know it is that old (i.e.— Law of Superposition, Cross-Cutting, Horizontality, etc.) The two intrusions above are labeled as X and Z; the surrounding rock is labeled as D Letter Law (Superposition, Horizontality, Cross-Cutting Relations) 5.______ ____________________________________ (youngest) 4.______ ____________________________________ 3.______ ____________________________________ 2.______ ____________________________________ 1.______ ____________________________________ (oldest) Page 8 of 21 Global Science Unit 3 Name_________________ Packet B Per ____ DUE___________ Part 2 **Draw your own diagram below. Requirements: 1. You must include 6 events 2. Use different colors to represent different events 3. include at least 2 of the following events: Intrusion, Tilting/Folding, Fault line, Weathering/Erosion 4. Put the events in order from first (oldest) to last (youngest) 5. Explain the order of events on your drawing using Law of Superposition, Cross-Cutting, Horizontality, etc. Letter Law (Superposition, Horizontality, Cross-Cutting Relations) 6.______ ____________________________________ (youngest) 5.______ ____________________________________ 4.______ ____________________________________ 3.______ ____________________________________ 2.______ ____________________________________ 1.______ ____________________________________ (oldest) Page 9 of 21 Global Science Unit 3 Packet B Name_________________ Per ____ DUE___________ Modern Marvels: Rocks 1. Besides making structures we also extract _____________________ from rocks. 2. The earth is __________ miles around. 3. Where are the lunar rocks located? 4. What must all workers wear that comes in contact with the lunar rocks? 5. What protects the earth from meteorites? 6. What was the main concern with the moon rocks? 7. There are _________ trillion tons of rocks for each person on earth. 8. ___________________________ rocks are formed from cooled magmas. 9. The word metamorphic means __________________________________________. 10. Aggregates are a major component of ________________________________. 11. The Rock of Ages quarry supplies what type of rock? 12. Granite is (sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic) rock. (choose one) 13. Dimension stones can weigh as much as ______________ tons. 14. The largest underground marble quarry is in __________________________ (state). 15. What mineral is used to cut the marble? 16. What causes the veins in marble? Page 10 of 21 Global Science Unit 3 Packet B Name_________________ Per ____ DUE___________ 17. Iron is used to make ______________________________________________. 18. When a rock is valuable enough to mine it is called an __________________________. 19. Hematite is nearly _______ per cent iron. 20. Each blast carries the power of ____________ lbs of dynamite. 21. Magnetic separators are used to do what? 22. The smallest rocks are ____________________ and ____________________. 23. What state leads in the production of sand and gravel? 24. Sand is composed of _________________, _____________, and _____________. 25. The screens are used to _____________________ the material. 26. The principle ingredient in glass is _______________________. 27. The Geysers Power Plants are _________________________ power plants. 28. In the _____________ (decade), the first geothermal power plants were built. 29. Each generator can make enough power for _________________ homes. 30. Hot Dry Rock technology could supply power for __________________________. Page 11 of 21 Global Science Unit 3 Packet B Name_________________ Per ____ DUE___________ How the Earth Was Made (season 2): Mt. St Helens 1. How much did Mt. St. Helens blow off its summit? 2. Where is Mt St. Helens located? 1. 3. How many volcanoes are in the Cascade mountain range? 4. How many years ago was the last eruption? 5. What was the first signals the mountain was waking? 6. What was another key indicator for eruption besides earthquakes? 7. The presence of gas is a sure sign that what is going to happen? 8. What did the machine measure? 3. 9. What happened to the north side of the mountain in April of 1980 10. By May 11 how much had the bulge moved outward? What did that mean? 11. When did the volcano erupt? 9. 12. What was the name of the geologist who was on duty at the volcano the day it erupted? 13. How far away did the ash cloud block visibility? 12. 14. (a) How many people were killed? (b) How many acres were destroyed? (c) How big was the crater in the summit? 14. (a) 2. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 10. 11. 13. (b) (c) Page 12 of 21 Global Science Unit 3 Packet B Name_________________ Per ____ DUE___________ 15. At 8:32 am an earthquake shook the mountain – what was the magnitude of that earthquake? 16. What happened to the north flank of the mountain? 17. What did the yellow color to the rocks show the geologists 15. 18. What shape is the crater today? 18. 19. What surged in a north direction that fanned out from the mountain? 20. How fast was it travelling? 19. 21. What was a surprise to the scientists? 22. After the landslide what was exposed? 23. How high was the volcanic plume? 21. 24. How much energy was release in the explosion? 25. What happened to the snowfields? 24. 26. How fast did the mud flows travel? 27. What is a lahar? 26. 28. How much mud flowed down the mountain? 29. The geologist found one lahar that stumped them because they found rounded river rock in it. How long ago was it formed? 28. 30. What formed in the crater? 30. 16. 17. 20. 22. 23. 25. 27. 29. Page 13 of 21 Global Science Unit 3 Packet B Name_________________ Per ____ DUE___________ 31. The largest eruption of Mt. St. Helens was how much bigger than the 1980 eruption? 32. In 1995 scientists from Mt. St. Helens were able to help with Montserrat. What country was this mountain located? 33. The town was buried under how many feet of mud from the eruption of Montserrat in 1995? 31. 32. 33. Page 14 of 21 Global Science Unit 3 Packet B Name_________________ Per ____ DUE___________ Geology Unit Review **YOUR MAY USE THIS ON YOUR TEST! Earth’s Structure: Describe in detail the following layers of the Earth: 1. Crust: Where is the crust the most thick? 2. Mantle: - 2a. Lithosphere: - 2b. Asthenosphere: 3. Core: Why is the Earth’s interior so hot? Why is the inner core solid? Plate Tectonics: Who introduced the idea of plate tectonics? What is plate tectonics: Pangaea: How fast do the continents move? Describe the pieces of evidence for plate tectonics: Page 15 of 21 Global Science Unit 3 Packet B Name_________________ Per ____ DUE___________ Define, describe and give an example for each of the following: 1. Midocean ridge: 2. Seafloor spreading: 3. Divergent margins: 4. Convergent margins: 5. Subduction zone: 6. Collision zone: 7. Transform fault zones: Define, describe, and give an example for each of the following places where volcanoes occur: 1. Convergent plate boundaries around the Pacific Ocean: 2. Divergent plate boundaries: 3. Hot Spots: Describe the formation and “movement” of the Hawaiian Islands: Rocks and Minerals: Mineral: Page 16 of 21 Global Science Unit 3 Packet B Name_________________ Per ____ DUE___________ Igneous rock: Examples of igneous rock: Extrusive igneous rock: Intrusive igneous rock: Sedimentary rock: Weathering: Metamorphic rock: Examples of metamorphic rock: Draw a picture of the rock cycle: Principle of original horizontality (describe and draw a picture): Law of superposition (describe and draw a picture): Define, describe, and give an example for each of the following events in rock layers. 1. Intrusion: Page 17 of 21 Global Science Unit 3 Packet B Name_________________ Per ____ DUE___________ 2. Inclusions: 3. Unconformities: 4. Folding: 5. Faults: 6. Weathering: 7. Principle of Cross-cutting relationships (describe and draw a picture): Page 18 of 21 Global Science Unit 3 Packet B Name_________________ Per ____ DUE___________ GEOLOGY VOCABULARY CROSSWORD Across 2. a place where tectonic plates collide 5. volcanically active places on the earth's surface that exist far from any type of plate boundary. One theory is that hot spots are directly above columns of rising magma, and that the tectonic plate moves over the plume, allowing a chain of volcanoes to form. 12. Igneous or sedimentary rock that has been changed into a new kind of rock as a result of great pressure and temperature. 13. the soft layer of the mantle on which the tectonic plates move 14. The time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms to decay. Used to date rocks and fossils. 15. Forms when hot, liquid rock, or magma, cools and solidifies 16. an area of deep cracks that forms between two tectonic plates that are pulling away from each other 17. a break in a body of rock along which one block slides relative to another 18. region where one tectonic plate moves underneath another. Ocean crust is subducted because it is denser and thinner than continental crust. 19. the solid outer layer of the earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle 20. where sea-floor spreading takes place 21. Primary waves. A type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground like a compressed spring. Down 1. A scientific law that states that in undisturbed sedimentary rock layers, older layers of rock lie beneath younger rock layers. 3. A break in the geologic record created when rock layers are eroded or when sediment is not deposited for a long period of time 4. that forms when sand, particles of rock, and bits of once-living things are pressed together and harden 6. plates slide from side to side relative to each other 7. Secondary waves. A type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side like a rope. 8. seismic waves that travel along the Earth's surface 9. A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other 10. the point inside the earth where an earthquake begins Page 19 of 21 Global Science Unit 3 Name_________________ Packet B Per ____ DUE___________ 11. the point on earth's surface directly above an earthquake's starting point (focus) Page 20 of 21 Global Science Unit 3 Packet B Name_________________ Per ____ DUE___________ Page 21 of 21