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Global Science Unit 3
Packet B
Name_________________
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How Plates Create
Background Information: Most scientists believe that Earth’s crust is broken into 20
pieces called plates. Each plate is the thickness of the crust and the rigid upper mantle.
The plates move slowly, floating on the mushy, flowing mantle below them. Some of the
plates move up to two inches a year. That’s about as fast as a fingernail grows.
The surface of some of the plates is mostly ocean, while that of others is made up of
entire continents and parts of oceans. Where two plates meet, they can spread apart,
come together, or slide past each other. These interactions between plates -- and the
intense pressure, friction, and crust melting they create -- are responsible for much of
our planet’s volcanic and earthquake activity. They also build mountains and recycle
Earth’s crust.
Objective: To create a working diagram that shows the movements of Earth’s plates
Materials: Student worksheet, reproducible pages, scissors, tape, glue, colored pencils
Making the Model:
1. Color the diagram using appropriate colors: Color the following parts:
a. Page 114 (Left hand side)
i. Part 1 – GREEN with YELLOW arrow
ii. Part 2 – BLACK with RED arrow
iii. Ocean – BLUE
iv. Crust – BROWN
b. Page 115 (Right Hand Side)
i. Part 4 – GREEN with YELLOW arrow
ii. Part 3 – BLACK with RED arrow
iii. Ocean – BLUE
iv. Crust – BROWN
v. Hills behind part 4 – BROWN and GREEN
c. Page 116
i. Parts A, E, H – RED
ii. Parts B, C – Each section a different color, B and C must mirror
each other
iii. Part D, G – YELLOW with BLUE arrow, upper square is same as
parts 4 and 1
iv. Part F, I – BROWN, BLUE, and other colors.
1. Cut out the large rectangle on page 114 and set it to the left. Cut out the large
rectangle on page 115 and set it to the right
2. Bring the two rectangles together, side by side, and glue onto 11x17 paper. The
numbers should be about midway down each page and should read 1 to 4 from
left to right
3. Cut out the nine pieces on page 116 and paste them in the correct spot on the
large rectangular sheet you just made. (Example: piece A gets glued to the spot
where the diagram is labeled A)
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Global Science Unit 3
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4. Label the diagram using the terms below
a. mid ocean ridge
b. magma
c. trench
d. volcanic arc
e. volcanoes
f. convergent boundary
g. divergent boundary
5. Use your diagram to answer the following questions
Concept Development
1. You are looking at the parts of four plates. Each plate is numbered with arrows
showing its direction of movement. Most of each plate’s surface is
_______________________.
2. Look at the center of the model. The edges of plates 2 and 3 are
__________________. This opens giant cracks in the sea-floor called
_________________________________.
3. Piece A shows that hot magma rises and slowly oozes out of the rifts as
_________________. As the lava cools, it builds ________________________.
4. As plates 2 and 3 move apart, they act like giant conveyor belts moving the
mountains away from the cracks. More _______________________ form in
their place, building underwater mountain ranges called
_______________________________________.
5. Focus on the edges of plates 1 and 2 that are moving toward each other. This is
an example of a _______________________ boundary. Where they meet, the
edge of plate 2 bends and dives under plate 1. This forms a _______________.
6. As the edge of plate 2 dives into the _________________________, it grinds
and scrapes against plate 1. If the edges lock together, pressure can build,
causing an ________________________.
7. High heat inside of the crust melts the edge of plate 2 into _________________.
Some of the magma may rise and break through the sea-floor.
8. __________________ the erupts from the sea-floor can build a line of island
volcanoes called a ______________________________. Japan, the
Philippines, and the Aleutian Islands off Alaska are parts of volcanic arcs.
9. Focus on where plates 3 and 4 are moving towards each other. At the edge of
plate 3 there is an ________________. At the edge of plate 4 there is a
___________________.
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10. What does G represent?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
11. What does H represent?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
12. What does I represent?
________________________________________________________________
13. Also, many ____________________________ on land occur where the ocean
edge of one plate dives under the continent edge of another.
14. What type of boundary is between:
a. Plates 1 and 2:
_____________________________________________________
b. Plates 2 and 3:
_____________________________________________________
c. Plates 3 and 4:
_____________________________________________________
15. What are plates composed of?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
16. Your model shows two ways that plates can interact with one another. What’s
the third way?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
17. What type of landforms result from the following types of collisions at convergent
plate boundaries?
a. oceanic - continental:
________________________________________________
b. oceanic - oceanic:
__________________________________________________
c. continental - continental:
_________________________________________________
18. Why are earthquakes associated with some plate boundaries?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
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Global Science Unit 3
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Ch17 pt 2 Cornell Notes
Questions/ Prompts
Structure and Origins of Rocks
-what are rocks made of?
-what are minerals?
-why is quartz a mineral but not coal?
-how many minerals make up 95% of
all rocks?
- list the 9 most common rockforming minerals
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Your Answers/ Notes
Molten rock cools to form igneous
rock
-how is igneous rock formed?
-when a rock cools quickly what
happens to the crystals?
- what will happen to the crystals if
the rock cools slowly?
-what are the 2 examples of
extrusive rock?
- what is the example given for an
intrustive rock?
- make a T-chart to describe the
difference between extrusive and
intrusive rocks
Remains of older rocks and
organisms form sedimentary rocks
-what is weathering?
-why are sedimentary rocks recycled
rocks?
-what are fossils?
-what are the 2 ways sedimentary
rocks are formed?
-how are sedimentary rocks named?
- what is a conglomerate?
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Rocks that undergo pressure and
heating without melting form
metamorphic rock
-heat and pressure will change what
2 characteristics of a rock?
-limestone will become what type of
rock?
-what are the 2 ways rocks can be
changed?
The Rock Cycle
-draw the rock cycle and label the 3
rock types and the 8 process arrows
The relative age of rocks can be
determined using the principle of
superposition
-what is the principle of
superposition?
-how does superposition let
scientists find the relative age of
different fossils found in rock
layers?
Radioactive dating can determine a
more exact, or absolute, age of
rocks
-how long do the radioactive
elements in minerals take to decay?
-which isotope are most reliable for
find rock ages?
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Global Science Unit 3
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Relative Dating Worksheet
Part 1
**Look at the diagram below. Put the events in order from first
(oldest) to last (youngest), including any events such as erosion,
intrusions, faulting and/or folding.
ALSO, **Explain how they occurred/how you know it is that old
(i.e.— Law of Superposition, Cross-Cutting, Horizontality, etc.)
weathering
& erosion
Letter Law (Superposition, Horizontality, Cross-Cutting Relations)
14.______ ____________________________________ (youngest)
13.______ ____________________________________
12. .______ ____________________________________
11.______ ____________________________________
10. .______ ____________________________________
9. .______ ____________________________________
8. .______ ____________________________________
7. .______ ____________________________________
6. .______ ____________________________________
5. .______ ____________________________________
4. .______ ____________________________________
3. .______ ____________________________________
2. .______ ____________________________________
1. .______ ____________________________________ (oldest)
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Global Science Unit 3
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**Look at the diagram below. Put the events in order from first
(oldest) to last (youngest), including any events such as erosion,
intrusions, faulting and/or folding.
ALSO, **Explain how they occurred/how you know it is that old
(i.e.— Law of Superposition, Cross-Cutting, Horizontality, etc.)
The various sedimentary layers above are labeled as B, E, K and W.
The timing of the fault (break) in the rocks (labeled Q) must be included
in the sequence of events.
Letter Law (Superposition, Horizontality, Cross-Cutting Relations)
5.______ ____________________________________ (youngest)
4.______ ____________________________________
3.______ ____________________________________
2.______ ____________________________________
1.______ ____________________________________ (oldest)
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Global Science Unit 3
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**Look at the diagram below. Put the events in order from first
(oldest) to last (youngest), including any events such as erosion,
intrusions, faulting and/or folding.
ALSO, **Explain how they occurred/how you know it is that old
(i.e.— Law of Superposition, Cross-Cutting, Horizontality, etc.)
The two intrusions above are labeled as X and Z; the surrounding rock is
labeled as D
Letter Law (Superposition, Horizontality, Cross-Cutting Relations)
5.______ ____________________________________ (youngest)
4.______ ____________________________________
3.______ ____________________________________
2.______ ____________________________________
1.______ ____________________________________ (oldest)
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Global Science Unit 3
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Part 2
**Draw your own diagram below.
Requirements:
1. You must include 6 events
2. Use different colors to represent different events
3. include at least 2 of the following events: Intrusion,
Tilting/Folding, Fault line, Weathering/Erosion
4. Put the events in order from first (oldest) to last (youngest)
5. Explain the order of events on your drawing using Law of
Superposition, Cross-Cutting, Horizontality, etc.
Letter Law (Superposition, Horizontality, Cross-Cutting Relations)
6.______ ____________________________________ (youngest)
5.______ ____________________________________
4.______ ____________________________________
3.______ ____________________________________
2.______ ____________________________________
1.______ ____________________________________ (oldest)
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Global Science Unit 3
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Modern Marvels: Rocks
1. Besides making structures we also extract _____________________ from rocks.
2. The earth is __________ miles around.
3. Where are the lunar rocks located?
4. What must all workers wear that comes in contact with the lunar rocks?
5. What protects the earth from meteorites?
6. What was the main concern with the moon rocks?
7. There are _________ trillion tons of rocks for each person on earth.
8. ___________________________ rocks are formed from cooled magmas.
9. The word metamorphic means
__________________________________________.
10. Aggregates are a major component of ________________________________.
11. The Rock of Ages quarry supplies what type of rock?
12. Granite is (sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic) rock. (choose one)
13. Dimension stones can weigh as much as ______________ tons.
14. The largest underground marble quarry is in __________________________
(state).
15. What mineral is used to cut the marble?
16. What causes the veins in marble?
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17. Iron is used to make
______________________________________________.
18. When a rock is valuable enough to mine it is called an
__________________________.
19. Hematite is nearly _______ per cent iron.
20. Each blast carries the power of ____________ lbs of dynamite.
21. Magnetic separators are used to do what?
22. The smallest rocks are ____________________ and
____________________.
23. What state leads in the production of sand and gravel?
24. Sand is composed of _________________, _____________, and
_____________.
25. The screens are used to _____________________ the material.
26. The principle ingredient in glass is _______________________.
27. The Geysers Power Plants are _________________________ power plants.
28. In the _____________ (decade), the first geothermal power plants were built.
29. Each generator can make enough power for _________________ homes.
30. Hot Dry Rock technology could supply power for
__________________________.
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Global Science Unit 3
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Name_________________
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How the Earth Was Made (season 2):
Mt. St Helens
1. How much did Mt. St. Helens blow
off its summit?
2. Where is Mt St. Helens located?
1.
3. How many volcanoes are in the
Cascade mountain range?
4. How many years ago was the last
eruption?
5. What was the first signals the
mountain was waking?
6. What was another key indicator
for eruption besides earthquakes?
7. The presence of gas is a sure sign
that what is going to happen?
8. What did the machine measure?
3.
9. What happened to the north side
of the mountain in April of 1980
10. By May 11 how much had the
bulge moved outward? What did that
mean?
11. When did the volcano erupt?
9.
12. What was the name of the
geologist who was on duty at the
volcano the day it erupted?
13. How far away did the ash cloud
block visibility?
12.
14. (a) How many people were killed?
(b) How many acres were
destroyed?
(c) How big was the crater in the
summit?
14. (a)
2.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
10.
11.
13.
(b)
(c)
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15. At 8:32 am an earthquake shook
the mountain – what was the
magnitude of that earthquake?
16. What happened to the north
flank of the mountain?
17. What did the yellow color to the
rocks show the geologists
15.
18. What shape is the crater today?
18.
19. What surged in a north direction
that fanned out from the mountain?
20. How fast was it travelling?
19.
21. What was a surprise to the
scientists?
22. After the landslide what was
exposed?
23. How high was the volcanic plume?
21.
24. How much energy was release in
the explosion?
25. What happened to the
snowfields?
24.
26. How fast did the mud flows
travel?
27. What is a lahar?
26.
28. How much mud flowed down the
mountain?
29. The geologist found one lahar
that stumped them because they
found rounded river rock in it. How
long ago was it formed?
28.
30. What formed in the crater?
30.
16.
17.
20.
22.
23.
25.
27.
29.
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Global Science Unit 3
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31. The largest eruption of Mt. St.
Helens was how much bigger than the
1980 eruption?
32. In 1995 scientists from Mt. St.
Helens were able to help with
Montserrat. What country was this
mountain located?
33. The town was buried under how
many feet of mud from the eruption
of Montserrat in 1995?
31.
32.
33.
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Global Science Unit 3
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Name_________________
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Geology Unit Review
**YOUR MAY USE THIS ON YOUR TEST!
Earth’s Structure:
Describe in detail the following layers of the Earth:
1. Crust:
Where is the crust the most thick?
2. Mantle:
-
2a. Lithosphere:
-
2b. Asthenosphere:
3. Core:
Why is the Earth’s interior so hot?
Why is the inner core solid?
Plate Tectonics:
Who introduced the idea of plate tectonics?
What is plate tectonics:
Pangaea:
How fast do the continents move?
Describe the pieces of evidence for plate tectonics:
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Global Science Unit 3
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Define, describe and give an example for each of the following:
1. Midocean ridge:
2. Seafloor spreading:
3. Divergent margins:
4. Convergent margins:
5. Subduction zone:
6. Collision zone:
7. Transform fault zones:
Define, describe, and give an example for each of the following places where
volcanoes occur:
1. Convergent plate boundaries around the Pacific Ocean:
2. Divergent plate boundaries:
3. Hot Spots:
Describe the formation and “movement” of the Hawaiian Islands:
Rocks and Minerals:
Mineral:
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Igneous rock:
Examples of igneous rock:
Extrusive igneous rock:
Intrusive igneous rock:
Sedimentary rock:
Weathering:
Metamorphic rock:
Examples of metamorphic rock:
Draw a picture of the rock cycle:
Principle of original horizontality (describe and draw a picture):
Law of superposition (describe and draw a picture):
Define, describe, and give an example for each of the following events in
rock layers.
1. Intrusion:
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2. Inclusions:
3. Unconformities:
4. Folding:
5. Faults:
6. Weathering:
7. Principle of Cross-cutting relationships (describe and draw a picture):
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GEOLOGY VOCABULARY CROSSWORD
Across
2. a place where tectonic plates collide
5. volcanically active places on the earth's surface that exist far from any
type of plate boundary. One theory is that hot spots are directly above
columns of rising magma, and that the tectonic plate moves over the plume,
allowing a chain of volcanoes to form.
12. Igneous or sedimentary rock that has been changed into a new kind of
rock as a result of great pressure and temperature.
13. the soft layer of the mantle on which the tectonic plates move
14. The time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms to decay. Used to
date rocks and fossils.
15. Forms when hot, liquid rock, or magma, cools and solidifies
16. an area of deep cracks that forms between two tectonic plates that are
pulling away from each other
17. a break in a body of rock along which one block slides relative to another
18. region where one tectonic plate moves underneath another. Ocean crust
is subducted because it is denser and thinner than continental crust.
19. the solid outer layer of the earth that consists of the crust and the rigid
upper part of the mantle
20. where sea-floor spreading takes place
21. Primary waves. A type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the
ground like a compressed spring.
Down
1. A scientific law that states that in undisturbed sedimentary rock layers,
older layers of rock lie beneath younger rock layers.
3. A break in the geologic record created when rock layers are eroded or
when sediment is not deposited for a long period of time
4. that forms when sand, particles of rock, and bits of once-living things are
pressed together and harden
6. plates slide from side to side relative to each other
7. Secondary waves. A type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and
down or side to side like a rope.
8. seismic waves that travel along the Earth's surface
9. A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other
10. the point inside the earth where an earthquake begins
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11. the point on earth's surface directly above an earthquake's starting
point (focus)
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