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Registration form Basic Electricity CEU Training Course $150.00 48 HOUR RUSH ORDER PROCESSING FEE ADDITIONAL $50.00 Start and Finish Dates: ___________________________ You will have 90 days from this date in order to complete this course List number of hours worked on assignment must match State Requirement. ________ Name________________________________Signature___________________________ I have read and understood the disclaimer notice on page 2. Digitally sign XXX Address:_________________________________________________________________ City_________________________________State___________Zip__________________ Email______________________________ Fax (______) ________________________ Phone: Home (______) ______________________Work (______ ) ________________________ Operator ID# ______________________________________Exp Date____________ Please circle/check which certification you are applying the course CEU’s. Water Treatment _________ Wastewater Treatment______ Distribution _______ Collection _________ Other _______________________ Your certificate will be mailed to you in about two weeks. Technical Learning College PO Box 3060, Chino Valley, AZ 86323 Toll Free (866) 557-1746 Fax (928) 272-0747 [email protected] If you’ve paid on the Internet, please write your Customer#_________________ Please invoice me, my PO#__________________________________________ Please pay with your credit card on our website under Bookstore or Buy Now. Or call us and provide your credit card information. We will stop mailing the certificate of completion we need your e-mail address. We will e-mail the certificate to you, if no e-mail address; we will mail it to you. DISCLAIMER NOTICE I understand that it is my responsibility to ensure that this CEU course is either approved or accepted in my State for CEU credit. I understand State laws and rules change on a frequent basis and I believe this course is currently accepted in my State for CEU or contact hour credit, if it is not, I will not hold Technical Learning College responsible. I fully understand that this type of study program deals with dangerous, changing conditions and various laws and that I will not hold Technical Learning College, Technical Learning Consultants, Inc. (TLC) liable in any fashion for any errors, omissions, advice, suggestions or neglect contained in this CEU education training course or for any violation or injury, death, neglect, damage or loss of your license or certification caused in any fashion by this CEU education training or course material suggestion or error or my lack of submitting paperwork. It is my responsibility to call or contact TLC if I need help or assistance and double-check to ensure my registration page and assignment has been received and graded. It is my responsibility to ensure all information is correct and to abide with all rules and regulations. State Approval Listing Link, check to see if your State accepts or has pre-approved this course. Not all States are listed. Not all courses are listed. If the course is not accepted for CEU credit, we will give you the course free if you ask your State to accept it for credit. Professional Engineers; Most states will accept our courses for credit but we do not officially list the States or Agencies. Please check your State for approval. State Approval Listing URL… http://www.tlch2o.com/PDF/CEU%20State%20Approvals.pdf You can obtain a printed version of the course from TLC for an additional $59.95 plus shipping charges. AFFIDAVIT OF EXAM COMPLETION I affirm that I personally completed the entire text of the course. I also affirm that I completed the exam without assistance from any outside source. I understand that it is my responsibility to file or maintain my certificate of completion as required by the state or by the designation organization. Grading Information In order to maintain the integrity of our courses we do not distribute test scores, percentages or questions missed. Our exams are based upon pass/fail criteria with the benchmark for successful completion set at 70%. Once you pass the exam, your record will reflect a successful completion and a certificate will be issued to you. Not accepted for credit by California Dept. of Water Resources 2 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 Basic Electricity CEU Course Answer Key Name ___________________________ Telephone # ________________ Did you check with your State agency to ensure this course is accepted for credit? Method of Course acceptance confirmation. Please fill this section Website __ Telephone Call___ Email____ Spoke to_________________________ Did you receive the approval number if Applicable? _____________ What is the approval number if Applicable? ____________________ You are responsible to ensure that TLC receives the Assignment and Registration Key. Please call us to ensure that we received it. Florida Students are required to pay an addition fee of $65 for TREEO credit. You can complete this assignment in Adobe Acrobat DC. Please circle, underline, bold or X only one correct answer 15. A B C D E F 29. A B C D E F 1. A B C D E F 2. A B C D E F 16. A B C D E F 30. A B C D E F 3. A B C D E F 17. A B C D E F 31. A B C D E F 4. A B C D E F 18. A B C D E F 32. A B C D E F 5. A B C D E F 19. A B C D E F 33. A B C D E F 6. A B C D E F 20. A B C D E F 34. A B C D E F 7. A B C D E F 21. A B C D E F 35. A B C D E F 8. A B C D E F 22. A B C D E F 36. A B C D E F 9. A B C D E F 23. A B C D E F 37. A B C D E F 10. A B C D E F 24. A B C D E F 38. A B C D E F 11. A B C D E F 25. A B C D E F 39. A B C D E F 12. A B C D E F 26. A B C D E F 40. A B C D E F 13. A B C D E F 27. A B C D E F 41. A B C D E F 14. A B C D E F 28. A B C D E F 42. A B C D E F 3 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 43. A B C D E F 75. A B C D E F 107. A B C D E F 44. A B C D E F 76. A B C D E F 108. A B C D E F 45. A B C D E F 77. A B C D E F 109. A B C D E F 46. A B C D E F 78. A B C D E F 110. A B C D E F 47. A B C D E F 79. A B C D E F 111. A B C D E F 48. A B C D E F 80. A B C D E F 112. A B C D E F 49. A B C D E F 81. A B C D E F 113. A B C D E F 50. A B C D E F 82. A B C D E F 114. A B C D E F 51. A B C D E F 83. A B C D E F 115. A B C D E F 52. A B C D E F 84. A B C D E F 116. A B C D E F 53. A B C D E F 85. A B C D E F 117. A B C D E F 54. A B C D E F 86. A B C D E F 118. A B C D E F 55. A B C D E F 87. A B C D E F 119. A B C D E F 56. A B C D E F 88. A B C D E F 120. A B C D E F 57. A B C D E F 89. 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A B C D E F 172. A B C D E F 204. A B C D E F 141. A B C D E F 173. A B C D E F 205. A B C D E F 142. A B C D E F 174. A B C D E F 206. A B C D E F 143. A B C D E F 175. A B C D E F 207. A B C D E F 144. A B C D E F 176. A B C D E F 208. A B C D E F 145. A B C D E F 177. A B C D E F 209. A B C D E F 146. A B C D E F 178. A B C D E F 210. A B C D E F 147. A B C D E F 179. A B C D E F 211. A B C D E F 148. A B C D E F 180. A B C D E F 212. A B C D E F 149. A B C D E F 181. A B C D E F 213. A B C D E F 150. A B C D E F 182. A B C D E F 214. A B C D E F 151. A B C D E F 183. A B C D E F 215. A B C D E F 152. A B C D E F 184. A B C D E F 216. A B C D E F 153. A B C D E F 185. A B C D E F 217. A B C D E F 154. A B C D E F 186. A B C D E F 218. A B C D E F 155. A B C D E F 187. A B C D E F 219. A B C D E F 156. A B C D E F 188. A B C D E F 220. A B C D E F 157. A B C D E F 189. A B C D E F 221. A B C D E F 158. A B C D E F 190. A B C D E F 222. A B C D E F 159. A B C D E F 191. 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A B C D E F 242. A B C D E F 266. A B C D E F 290. A B C D E F 243. A B C D E F 267. A B C D E F 291. A B C D E F 244. A B C D E F 268. A B C D E F 292. A B C D E F 245. A B C D E F 269. A B C D E F 293. A B C D E F 246. A B C D E F 270. A B C D E F 294. A B C D E F 247. A B C D E F 271. A B C D E F 295. A B C D E F 248. A B C D E F 272. A B C D E F 296. A B C D E F 249. A B C D E F 273. A B C D E F 297. A B C D E F 250. A B C D E F 274. A B C D E F 298. A B C D E F 251. A B C D E F 275. A B C D E F 299. A B C D E F 252. A B C D E F 276. A B C D E F 300. A B C D E F 253. A B C D E F 277. A B C D E F 254. A B C D E F 278. A B C D E F 255. A B C D E F 279. A B C D E F 256. A B C D E F 280. A B C D E F 257. A B C D E F 281. A B C D E F 258. A B C D E F 282. A B C D E F Disclaimer I understand that this course will cover general laws, regulations, required procedures and work rules relating to electrical principles. It should be noted, however, that the federal and state regulations are an ongoing process and subject to change over time. This course is a continuing education course for employees who are learning general electrical principles but are not allowed to work on electrical projects unless qualified or licensed. It is not designed to meet the full requirements of the Department of Labor-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) rules and regulations. Only qualified licensed electricians should be allowed to work on any or all electrical installations or components. This course will not qualify you to work on any type of electrical system or component. Signature ____________________________________________ 6 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 Please e-mail or fax this survey along with your final exam BASIC ELECTRICITY CEU TRAINING COURSE CUSTOMER SERVICE RESPONSE CARD NAME: _________________________________ E-MAIL_________________________________PHONE_______________________ PLEASE COMPLETE THIS FORM BY CIRCLING THE NUMBER OF THE APPROPRIATE ANSWER IN THE AREA BELOW. Please rate the difficulty of your course. Very Easy 0 1 2 3 4 5 Very Difficult Please rate the difficulty of the testing process. Very Easy 0 1 2 3 4 5 Very Difficult Please rate the subject matter on the exam to your actual field or work. Very Similar 0 1 2 3 4 5 Very Different How did you hear about this Course?__________________________________ What would you do to improve the Course? _____________________________________________________________________ How about the price of the course? Poor __ Fair__ Average__ Good __ Great __ How was your customer service? Poor __ Fair__ Average__ Good __ Great __ Any other concerns or comments. _________________________________________________________________________ 7 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 Please fax the answer key to TLC (928) 272-0747 Rush Grading Service If you need this assignment graded and the results mailed to you within a 48-hour period, prepare to pay an additional rush service handling fee of $50.00. This fee may not cover postage costs. If you need this service, simply write RUSH on the top of your Registration Form. We will place you in the front of the grading and processing line. Thank you… 8 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 Basic Electricity CEU Course Assignment The Basic Electricity CEU Assignment is available in Word on the Internet for your Convenience, please visit www.ABCTLC.com and download the assignment and e mail it back to TLC. You will have 90 days from the start of this course to complete in order to receive your Professional Development Hours (PDHs) or Continuing Education Unit (CEU). A score of 70 % is necessary to pass this course. If you should need any assistance, please email all concerns and the completed manual to [email protected]. I would prefer that you utilize the enclosed answer sheet in the front, but if you are unable to do so, type out your own answer key. Please include your name and address on your manual and make copy for yourself. Multiple Choice, please select only one answer per question. There are no intentional trick questions. The Wonder of Electricity 1. In electricity, charges produce ______________which act on other charges. Electricity occurs due to several types of physics: A. Electric charge D. Electromagnetic fields B. Electricity E. Ampere(s) (s) Means the answer can be singular or plural C. Electrical current F. None of the Above 2. Electric charge: a property of some subatomic particles, which determines their__________. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields. A. Electric power D. Electrical current(s) (s) Means the answer can be singular or plural B. Electric charge E. Electromagnetic interactions C. Charged matter F. None of the Above 3. Electric field (see electrostatics): an especially simple type of electromagnetic field produced by an electric charge even when it is not moving (i.e., there is no electric current). The ___________produces a force on other charges in its vicinity. A. Electric charge D. Conductor(s) B. Electric field E. Ampere(s) C. Electrical current F. None of the Above 4. Electric potential: the capacity of an electric field to do work on an electric charge, typically measured in_________________. A. Electric power D. Electrical current(s) B. Electric charge E. Electromagnetic field(s) C. Volts F. None of the Above 5. ____________: A movement or flow of electrically charged particles, typically measured in amperes. A. Electric charge D. Conductor(s) B. Electricity E. Ampere(s) C. Electrical current F. None of the Above 9 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 6. Electromagnets: Moving charges produce a magnetic field. Electrical currents generate magnetic fields, and changing magnetic fields generate _____________. A. Electric power D. Electrical current(s) B. Electric charge E. Electromagnetic field(s) C. Charged matter F. None of the Above How Electricity Is Generated 7. A generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The process is based on the relationship between magnetism and electricity. In 1831, scientist Michael Faraday discovered that when a magnet is moved inside a coil of wire, ________________ flows in the wire. A. Electric charge D. Conductor(s) B. Electricity E. Ampere(s) C. Electrical current F. None of the Above 8. A typical generator at a power plant uses an electromagnet — a magnet produced by electricity — not _____________. The generator has a series of insulated coils of wire that form a stationary cylinder. This cylinder surrounds a rotary electromagnetic shaft. A. Electric power D. Electrical current(s) B. Electric charge E. Electromagnetic field(s) C. Charged matter F. None of the Above 9. When the electromagnetic shaft rotates, it induces a small _________ in each section of the wire coil. A. Electric charge D. Conductor(s) B. Electricity E. Ampere(s) C. Electrical current F. None of the Above 10. Each section of the wire becomes a small, separate electric conductor. The small currents of individual sections are added together to form one large current. This current is the __________ that is transmitted from the power company to the consumer. A. Electric power D. Electrical current(s) B. Electric charge E. Electromagnetic field(s) C. Charged matter F. None of the Above 11. An electric utility power station uses either a turbine, engine, water wheel, or other similar machine to drive an electric generator — a device that converts mechanical or __________to electricity. A. Electric charge D. Conductor(s) B. Chemical energy E. Ampere(s) C. Electrical current F. None of the Above Joules 12. Energy also can be measured in joules. Joules sounds exactly like the word jewels, as in diamonds and emeralds. A thousand joules is equal to _____________. A. Electron(s) D. The form of electrical energy B. Conductor(s) E. Kinetic energy C. A British thermal unit F. None of the Above (s) Means the answer can be singular or plural 10 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 13. When electrons move among the atoms of matter, a current of electricity is created. This is what happens in a piece of wire. The electrons are passed from atom to atom, creating _________ from one end to other. A. An electrical current D. A viable source of electricity B. Good insulators E. A variety of heat sources C. Energy storage F. None of the Above 14. Electricity is conducted through some things better than others do. __________measures how well something conducts electricity. Some things hold their electrons very tightly. A. Electron(s) D. The form of electrical energy B. Conductor(s) E. Kinetic energy C. Its resistance F. None of the Above 15. Electrons do not move through them very well. These things are called insulators. Rubber, plastic, cloth, glass and dry air are good insulators and have___________. A. An electrical current D. Very high resistance B. Good insulators E. A variety of heat sources C. Energy storage F. None of the Above Conductors 16. Other materials have some__________, which move through them very easily. These are called conductors. Most metals – like copper, aluminum or steel – are good conductors. A. Electron(s) D. The form of electrical energy B. Conductor(s) E. Kinetic energy C. Loosely held electrons F. None of the Above Electrical Generation and Transmission 17. Generation and transmission of electrical energy. While this method, now known as the triboelectric effect, can lift light objects and generate sparks, it is extremely inefficient. It was not until the invention of the voltaic pile in the eighteenth century that ____________ became available. A. An electrical current D. A viable source of electricity B. Good insulators E. A variety of heat sources C. Energy storage F. None of the Above 18. __________________, and its modern descendant, the electrical battery, store energy chemically and make it available on demand in the form of electrical energy. A. Electron(s) D. The form of electrical energy B. Conductor(s) E. Kinetic energy C. The voltaic pile F. None of the Above 19. The battery is a versatile and very common power source which is ideally suited to many applications, but its __________ is finite, and once discharged it must be disposed of or recharged. For large electrical demands electrical energy must be generated and transmitted continuously over conductive transmission lines. A. An electrical current D. A viable source of electricity B. Good insulators E. A variety of heat sources C. Energy storage F. None of the Above 11 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 20. Electrical power is usually generated by electro-mechanical generators driven by steam produced from fossil fuel combustion, or the heat released from_______________; or from other sources such as kinetic energy extracted from wind or flowing water. A. Electron(s) D. Nuclear reactions B. Conductor(s) E. Kinetic energy C. A British thermal unit F. None of the Above 21. The modern steam turbine invented by Sir Charles Parsons in 1884 today generates about 80 percent of the electric power in the world using _________________. A. An electrical current D. A viable source of electricity B. Good insulators E. A variety of heat sources C. Energy storage F. None of the Above Faraday's Homopolar Disc Generator 22. Such generators bear no resemblance to Faraday's homopolar disc generator of 1831, but they still rely on his electromagnetic principle that a conductor linking a changing magnetic field induces a ________________across its ends. A. Potential difference D. The form of electrical energy B. Conductor(s) E. Kinetic energy C. A British thermal unit F. None of the Above 23. The invention in the late nineteenth century of the transformer meant that electrical power could be transmitted more efficiently at a higher voltage but________________. A. An electrical current D. Lower current B. Good insulators E. A variety of heat sources C. Energy storage F. None of the Above 24. ____________meant in turn that electricity could be generated at centralized power stations, where it benefited from economies of scale, and then be dispatched relatively long distances to where it was needed. A. Electron(s) D. The form of electrical energy B. Conductor(s) E. Kinetic energy C. Efficient electrical transmission F. None of the Above 25. Since electrical energy cannot easily be stored in quantities large enough to meet demands on a national scale, at all times exactly as much must be produced as is required. This requires electricity utilities to make careful predictions of their________________, and maintain constant co-ordination with their power stations. A. Electrical current D. Electricity B. Good insulators E. Electrical loads C. Energy storage F. None of the Above Common electrical units used in formulas and equations are: 26. ______________- unit of electrical potential or motive force - potential is required to send one ampere of current through one ohm of resistance A. Volt D. Ohm B. Kilovolt Ampere E. Power Factor C. Watt F. None of the Above 12 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 27. __________ - unit of electrical energy or power - one watt is the product of one ampere and one volt - one ampere of current flowing under the force of one volt gives one watt of energy A. Volt D. Ohm B. Ampere E. Static electricity C. Watt F. None of the Above 28. ______________- product of volts and amperes as shown by a voltmeter and ammeter in direct current systems the volt ampere is the same as watts or the energy. A. Volt D. Volt Ampere B. Kilovolt Ampere E. Power Factor C. Watt F. None of the Above 29. ____________ - unit of resistance - one ohm is the resistance offered to the passage of one ampere when impelled by one volt A. Volt D. Ohm B. Ampere E. Static electricity C. Watt F. None of the Above 30. Power Factor - ratio of watts to _______________. A. Volt D. Ohm B. Kilovolt Ampere E. Power Factor C. Volt amperes F. None of the Above 31. ___________- units of current - one ampere is the current which one volt can send through a resistance of one ohm A. Volt D. Ohm B. Kilovolt Ampere E. Ampere C. Watt F. None of the Above 32. Kilovolt Ampere - one kilovolt ampere - ________- is equal to 1,000 volt amperes A. Volt D. KVA B. Ampere E. Kilovolt Ampere C. Watt F. None of the Above Static and Current Electricity 33. Static electricity is an imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material. The charge remains until it is able to move away by means of an electric current or_______________. A. Volts D. Current electricity B. Amperes E. Electrical discharge C. Watts F. None of the Above 34. ______________ is named in contrast with current electricity, which flows through wires or other conductors and transmits energy. A. Volts D. Current electricity B. Amperes E. Static electricity C. Wattage F. None of the Above 13 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 Contact-induced Charge Separation 35. _____________ can be exchanged between materials on contact; materials with weakly bound electrons tend to lose them while materials with sparsely filled outer shells tend to gain them. A. Gravity D. A separation of charge B. Electron(s) E. Piezoelectric C. The triboelectric effect F. None of the Above 36. ____________ is the main cause of static electricity as observed in everyday life, and in common high-school science demonstrations involving rubbing different materials together (e.g., fur against an acrylic rod). A. Electric conflict D. A separation of charge B. Electron(s) E. Piezoelectric C. The triboelectric effect F. None of the Above 37. Contact-induced charge separation causes your hair to stand up and causes "____________" (for example, a balloon rubbed against the hair becomes negatively charged; when near a wall, the charged balloon is attracted to positively charged particles in the wall, and can "cling" to it, appearing to be suspended against gravity). A. Static cling D. A separation of charge B. Electron(s) E. Piezoelectric C. The triboelectric effect F. None of the Above Pressure-induced Charge Separation 38. ___________generates a separation of charge in certain types of crystals and ceramics molecules. A. Electric conflict D. A separation of charge B. Electron(s) E. Piezoelectric C. Applied mechanical stress F. None of the Above Heat-induced Charge Separation 39. Heating generates a separation of charge in the atoms or molecules of certain materials. All pyroelectric materials are also _____________. The atomic or molecular properties of heat and pressure response are closely related. A. Electric conflict D. A separation of charge B. Electron(s) E. Piezoelectric C. The triboelectric effect F. None of the Above Electromagnets and Electromagnetism Magnetic field circles around a current 40. Ørsted's discovery in 1821 that a __________existed around all sides of a wire carrying an electric current indicated that there was a direct relationship between electricity and magnetism. A. Electric conflict D. Magnetic field B. Magnetism E. Electrolysis C. Positive current F. None of the Above 14 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 41. Moreover, the interaction seemed different from gravitational and ____________forces, the two forces of nature then known. A. Current D. Electrical conduction B. Electrostatic E. Electric power C. Electromagnetic emissions F. None of the Above 42. The force on the compass needle did not direct it to or away from the current-carrying wire, but acted at right angles to it. Ørsted's slightly obscure words were that "___________ acts in a revolving manner." The force also depended on the direction of the current, for if the flow was reversed, then the force did too. A. Electric conflict D. The electric conflict B. Magnetism E. Electrolysis C. A positive current F. None of the Above Electric Current 43. The movement of electric charge is known as an electric current, the intensity of which is usually measured in amperes. ________ can consist of any moving charged particles; most commonly these are electrons, but any charge in motion constitutes a current. A. Current D. Electrical conduction B. Speed of light E. Electric power C. Electromagnetic emissions F. None of the Above 44. By historical convention, ___________ is defined as having the same direction of flow as any positive charge it contains, or to flow from the most positive part of a circuit to the most negative part. A. Electric conflict D. Electrical spark(s) B. Magnetism E. Electrolysis C. A positive current F. None of the Above 45. Current defined in this manner is called conventional current. The motion of negatively charged electrons around an electric circuit, one of the most familiar forms of current, is thus deemed positive in the opposite direction to that of the_______________. A. Current D. Electrical conduction B. Electrons E. Electric power C. Electromagnetic emissions F. None of the Above 46. Depending on the conditions, an electric current can consist of a flow of charged particles in either direction, or even in both directions at once. The _______________is widely used to simplify this situation. A. Electric conflict D. Positive-to-negative convention B. Magnetism E. Electrolysis C. A positive current F. None of the Above 47. The process by which _____________passes through a material is termed electrical conduction, and its nature varies with that of the charged particles and the material through which they are travelling. A. Electric current D. Electrical conduction B. Speed of light E. Electric power C. Electromagnetic emissions F. None of the Above 15 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 48. Examples of electric currents include_______________, where electrons flow through a conductor such as metal, and electrolysis, where ions (charged atoms) flow through liquids, or through plasmas such as electrical sparks. A. Electric conflict D. Metallic conduction B. Magnetism E. Electrolysis C. A positive current F. None of the Above 49. While the particles themselves can move quite slowly, sometimes with an average drift velocity only fractions of a millimeter per second, the ____________that drives them itself propagates at close to the speed of light, enabling electrical signals to pass rapidly along wires. A. Current D. Electrical conduction B. Electric field E. Electric power C. Electromagnetic emissions F. None of the Above 50. Current causes______________, which historically were the means of recognizing its presence. That water could be decomposed by the current from a voltaic pile was discovered by Nicholson and Carlisle in 1800, a process now known as electrolysis. Their work was greatly expanded upon by Michael Faraday in 1833. A. Electric conflict D. Several observable effects B. Magnetism E. Electrolysis C. A positive current F. None of the Above 51. Current through a ________causes localized heating, an effect James Prescott Joule studied mathematically in 1840. A. Current D. Electrical conduction B. Resistance E. Electric power C. Electromagnetic emission F. None of the Above 52. One of the most important discoveries relating to current was made accidentally by Hans Christian Ørsted in 1820, when, while preparing a lecture, he witnessed the current in a wire disturbing the needle of___________________. A. Electric conflict D. Electrical spark(s) B. Magnetism E. A magnetic compass C. A positive current F. None of the Above 53. He had discovered electromagnetism, a fundamental interaction between electricity and_________. A. Current D. Electrical conduction B. Magnetics E. Electric power C. Electromagnetic F. None of the Above What is Electric Power? 54. Electric power is the rate at which _________is transferred by an electric circuit. The SI unit of power is the watt, one joule per second. A. Current D. Electrical conduction B. Electric energy E. Electric power C. Electromagnetic emissions F. None of the Above 16 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 55. Electric power, like mechanical power, is the rate of doing work, measured in watts, and represented by the letter P. The term wattage is used colloquially to mean "________________." A. Volts D. Current electricity B. Amperes E. Electric power in watts C. Wattage F. None of the Above Water and Electrical Principles are Very Similar 56. The electronic–hydraulic analogy (derisively referred to as the drain-pipe theory by Oliver Heaviside) is the most widely used analogy for "___________" in a metal conductor. A. Volts D. Hydraulic equivalents B. Electron fluid E. Hydraulic ohm analogy C. Pressure F. None of the Above 57. Since electric current is invisible and the processes at play in electronics are often difficult to demonstrate, the various electronic components are represented by __________. Electricity (as well as heat) was originally understood to be a kind of fluid, and the names of certain electric quantities (such as current) are derived from hydraulic equivalents. A. Volts D. Hydraulic equivalents B. Electron fluid E. Hydraulic ohm analogy C. Pressure F. None of the Above Basic Ideas There are two basic paradigms: 58. Version with pressure induced by __________. Large tanks of water are held up high, or are filled to differing water levels, and the potential energy of the water head is the pressure source. This is reminiscent of electrical diagrams with an up arrow pointing to +V, grounded pins that otherwise are not shown connecting to anything, and so on. A. Volts D. Hydraulic equivalents B. Electron fluid E. Hydraulic ohm analogy C. Pressure F. None of the Above 59. Completely enclosed version with pumps providing pressure only;______________. This is reminiscent of a circuit diagram with a voltage source shown and the wires actually completing a circuit. A. Volts D. Hydraulic equivalents B. Electron fluid E. Hydraulic ohm analogy C. Pressure F. None of the Above 60. Applications: Flow and pressure variables can be calculated in fluid flow network with the use of the ________________. The method can be applied to both steady and transient flow situations. A. Volts D. Hydraulic equivalents B. Electron fluid E. Hydraulic ohm analogy C. Pressure F. None of the Above 17 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 Component Equivalents 61. Electric potential: In general, it is equivalent to hydraulic head. In this article, it is assumed that the water is flowing horizontally, so that the force of gravity can be ignored, and then electric potential is equivalent to__________________. A. Nothing to the circuit D. Pressure B. Voltage in a capacitor E. Section of pipe C. Force of gravity F. None of the Above 62. Wires: A relatively wide pipe completely filled with water is equivalent to_______________. When comparing to a piece of wire, the pipe should be thought of as having semi-permanent caps on the ends. A. A piece of wire D. Positive pressure B. Rubber diaphragmE. Flowing water C. Flow meter F. None of the Above 63. Connecting one end of a wire to a circuit is equivalent to forcibly un-capping one end of the pipe and attaching it to another pipe. With few exceptions (such as a high-voltage power source), a wire with only one end attached to a circuit will do nothing; the pipe remains capped on the free end, and ___________________. A. Nothing to the circuit D. A needle valve B. Voltage in a capacitor E. Thus adds nothing to the circuit C. Force of gravity F. None of the Above 64. Current: Equivalent to a_______________; that is, the volumetric quantity of flowing water over time. Usually measured in amperes. A. Stretched rubber D. Hydraulic volume flow rate B. Rubber diaphragmE. Flowing water C. Flow meter F. None of the Above 65. Transistor: A valve in which a diaphragm, controlled by a low-current signal (either constant current for a BJT or constant pressure for a FET), moves ___________which affects the current through another section of pipe. A. A plunger D. A needle valve B. Voltage in a capacitor E. Section of pipe C. Force of gravity F. None of the Above 66. CMOS: A combination of two MOSFET transistors. As the input pressure changes, the pistons allow the output to connect to________________. A. Stretched rubber D. Positive pressure B. Rubber diaphragmE. Either zero or positive pressure C. Flow meter F. None of the Above 67. Memristor: A needle valve operated by a flow meter. As water flows through in the forward direction, the needle valve restricts flow more; as water flows the other direction, ____________opens further providing less resistance. A. Nothing to the circuit D. The needle valve B. Voltage in a capacitor E. Section of pipe C. Force of gravity F. None of the Above 18 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 68. Capacitor: A tank with one connection at each end and a rubber sheet dividing the tank in two lengthwise (a hydraulic accumulator). When water is forced into one pipe, equal water is simultaneously forced out the other pipe, yet no water can penetrate the rubber diaphragm. Energy is stored by the ______________. A. Stretched rubber D. Stretching of the rubber B. Rubber diaphragmE. Flowing water C. Flow meter F. None of the Above 69. As more current flows "through" the capacitor, the back-pressure (voltage) becomes greater, thus current "leads"_________________. A. Nothing to the circuit D. A needle valve B. Voltage in a capacitor E. Section of pipe C. Force of gravity F. None of the Above 70. As the back-pressure from the ____________ approaches the applied pressure, the current becomes less and less. Thus capacitors "filter out" constant pressure differences and slowly varying, low-frequency pressure differences, while allowing rapid changes in pressure to pass through. A. Stretched rubber D. Positive pressure B. Rubber diaphragmE. Flowing water C. Flow meter F. None of the Above 71. Inductor: _________________placed in the current. The mass of the wheel and the size of the blades restrict the water's ability to rapidly change its rate of flow (current) through the wheel due to the effects of inertia, but, given time, a constant flowing stream will pass mostly unimpeded through the wheel, as it turns at the same speed as the water flow. A. Valve assembly D. A positive displacement pump B. Potential difference E. A heavy paddle wheel C. Feedback control F. None of the Above 72. _________________and its blades are analogous to inductance, and friction between its axle and the axle bearings corresponds to the resistance that accompanies any nonsuperconducting inductor. A. Resistance to current D. The mass and surface area of the wheel B. Quantity of water E. Capacitor C. Water level F. None of the Above 73. Ideal voltage source, or ideal battery: A dynamic pump with _____________. A pressure meter on both sides shows that regardless of the current being produced; this kind of pump produces constant pressure difference. A. Valve assembly D. A positive displacement pump B. Potential difference E. Water flow C. Feedback control F. None of the Above 74. If one terminal is kept fixed at ground, another analogy is_____________, sufficiently large that the drawn water does not affect the water level. A. Resistance to current D. The mass and surface area of the wheel B. Quantity of water E. A large body of water at a high elevation C. Water level F. None of the Above 19 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 75. Ideal current source: __________________. A current meter (little paddle wheel) shows that when this kind of pump is driven at a constant speed, it maintains a constant speed of the little paddle wheel. A. Valve assembly D. A positive displacement pump B. Potential difference E. Water flow C. Feedback control F. None of the Above 76. Resistor: A constriction in the bore of the pipe which requires more pressure to pass the same amount of water. All pipes have___________, just as all wires have some resistance to current. A. Resistance to current D. The mass and surface area of the wheel B. Quantity of water E. Some resistance to flow C. Water level F. None of the Above 77. Voltage: Also called voltage drop or ____________. A difference in pressure between two points. Usually measured in volts. A. Valve assembly D. A positive displacement pump B. Potential difference E. Water flow C. Feedback control F. None of the Above 78. Electric charge: Equivalent to a ______________. A. Resistance to current D. The mass and surface area of the wheel B. Quantity of water E. Capacitor C. Water level F. None of the Above 79. Diode: Equivalent to a one-way check valve with a slightly leaky valve seat. As with a diode, a small pressure difference is needed before the valve opens. And like a diode, too much reverse bias can damage or destroy the _______________. A. Valve assembly D. A positive displacement pump B. Potential difference E. Water flow C. Feedback control F. None of the Above Understanding Voltage 80. Voltage, electrical potential difference, _________________or electric pressure (denoted ∆V) and measured in units of electric potential: volts, or joules per coulomb is the electric potential difference between two points, or the difference in electric potential energy of a unit charge transported between two points. A. Electric current D. Electric tension B. Voltage E. Electric potential difference C. Electromotive force F. None of the Above 81. ______________ is equal to the work done per unit charge against a static electric field to move the charge between two points. A. Energy D. Voltage B. Pressure E. Charge C. Electric potential F. None of the Above 20 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 82. A _______________may represent either a source of energy (electromotive force), or lost, used, or stored energy (potential drop). A. Electric current D. A static (unchanging) electric field B. Voltage E. Electric potential difference C. Electromotive force F. None of the Above 83. A voltmeter can be used to measure the ___________ (or potential difference) between two points in a system; usually a common reference potential such as the ground of the system is used as one of the points. A. Energy D. Voltage B. Pressure E. Charge C. Electric potential F. None of the Above 84. Voltage can be caused by____________, by electric current through a magnetic field, by time-varying magnetic fields, or some combination of these three. A. Electric current D. A static (unchanging) electric field B. Static electric fields E. Electric potential difference C. Electromotive force F. None of the Above 85. Voltage is electric potential energy per unit charge, measured in joules per coulomb ( = volts). It is often referred to as "___________", which then must be distinguished from electric potential energy by noting that the "potential" is a "per-unit-charge" quantity. A. Energy D. Voltage B. Pressure E. Charge C. Electric potential F. None of the Above 86. Mathematically this is expressed as the line integral of the electric field and the time rate of change of magnetic field along that path. In the general case, both ____________ and a dynamic (time-varying) electromagnetic field must be included in determining the voltage between two points. A. Electric current D. A static (unchanging) electric field B. Voltage E. Electric potential difference C. Electromotive force F. None of the Above 87. _________ is now obsolete but tension is still used, for example within the phrase "high tension" (HT) which is commonly used in thermionic valve (vacuum tube) based electronics. A. Energy D. Voltage B. Pressure E. Charge C. Electric potential F. None of the Above 88. ____________ is defined so that negatively charged objects are pulled towards higher voltages, while positively charged objects are pulled towards lower voltages. Therefore, the conventional current in a wire or resistor always flows from higher voltage to lower voltage. A. Electric current D. A static (unchanging) electric field B. Voltage E. Electric potential difference C. Electromotive force F. None of the Above 21 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 89. _______________can flow from lower voltage to higher voltage, but only when a source of energy is present to "push" it against the opposing electric field. For example, inside a battery, chemical reactions provide the energy needed for current to flow from the negative to the positive terminal. A. Energy D. Voltage B. Pressure E. Charge C. Current F. None of the Above 90. Technically, in a material the ___________is not the only factor determining charge flow, and different materials naturally develop electric potential differences at equilibrium (Galvani potentials). The electric potential of a material is not even a well-defined quantity, since it varies on the subatomic scale. A. Electric field D. A static (unchanging) electric field B. Voltage E. Electric potential difference C. Electromotive force F. None of the Above Faraday’s Law 91. Any change in the magnetic environment of a coil of wire will cause a _____________(EMF) to be "induced" in the coil. No matter how the change is produced, the voltage will be generated. The change could be produced by changing the magnetic field strength, moving a magnet toward or away from the coil, moving the coil into or out of the magnetic field, rotating the coil relative to the magnet, etc. A. Voltage D. Magnetic flux in the loop constant B. Electrical energy E. Lorentz force C. Magnetic field strength F. None of the Above Lenz's Law 92. When an EMF is generated by a change in ___________ according to Faraday's Law, the polarity of the induced emf is such that it produces a current whose magnetic field opposes the change which produces it. A. An electromagnet D. Other inefficiencies B. An electromotive force E. Faraday's Law C. Magnetic flux F. None of the Above 93. The induced magnetic field inside any loop of wire always acts to keep the magnetic flux in the loop constant. In the examples below, if the ______________is increasing, the induced field acts in opposition to it. If it is decreasing, the induced field acts in the direction of the applied field to try to keep it constant. A. EMF D. Magnetic flux in the loop constant B. Electrical energy E. Lorentz force C. Magnetic field strength F. None of the Above Back to Faraday’s Law The most widespread version of Faraday's law states: 94. ____________in any closed circuit is equal to the negative of the time rate of change of the magnetic flux through the circuit. A. An electromagnet D. The induced electromotive force B. An electromotive force E. Faraday's Law C. Magnetic flux F. None of the Above 22 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 Electrical Generator 95. The _______________ generated by Faraday's law of induction due to relative movement of a circuit and a magnetic field is the phenomenon underlying electrical generators. A. EMF D. Magnetic flux in the loop constant B. Electrical energy E. Lorentz force C. Magnetic field strength F. None of the Above 96. When a permanent magnet is moved relative to___________, or vice versa, an electromotive force is created. A. An electromagnet D. Other inefficiencies B. An electromotive force E. A conductor C. Magnetic flux F. None of the Above 97. If the wire is connected through__________, current will flow, and thus electrical energy is generated, converting the mechanical energy of motion to electrical energy. For example, the drum generator. A. EMF D. Magnetic flux in the loop constant B. Electrical energy E. An electrical load C. Magnetic field strength F. None of the Above 98. In the Faraday's disc example, the disc is rotated in a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the disc, causing a current to flow in the radial arm due to the___________. It is interesting to understand how it arises that mechanical work is necessary to drive this current. A. An electromagnet D. Other inefficiencies B. An electromotive force E. Lorentz force C. Magnetic flux F. None of the Above 99. When the generated current flows through the conducting rim, a magnetic field is generated by this current through__________________________. A. Ampère's circuital law D. Magnetic flux in the loop constant B. Electrical energy E. Lorentz force C. Magnetic field strength F. None of the Above 100. The rim thus becomes _____________ that resists rotation of the disc (an example of Lenz's law). On the far side of the figure, the return current flows from the rotating arm through the far side of the rim to the bottom brush. A. An electromagnet D. Other inefficiencies B. An electromotive force E. Faraday's Law C. Magnetic flux F. None of the Above 101. The return current flows from the rotating arm through the near side of the rim to the bottom brush. The induced B-field increases the flux on this side of the circuit, opposing the decrease in flux due to rotation. Thus, both sides of the circuit generate an ___________ opposing the rotation. A. EMF D. Magnetic flux in the loop constant B. Electrical energy E. Lorentz force C. Magnetic field strength F. None of the Above 23 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 102. The energy required to keep the disc moving, despite this reactive force, is exactly equal to the electrical energy generated (plus energy wasted due to friction, Joule heating, and other inefficiencies). This behavior is common to all generators converting mechanical energy to_____________. A. An electromagnet D. Electrical energy B. An electromotive force E. Faraday's Law C. Magnetic flux F. None of the Above Electrical Transformer 103. The ____________ predicted by Faraday's law is also responsible for electrical transformers. When the electric current in a loop of wire changes, the changing current creates a changing magnetic field. A. Ohms D. Electrically conductive liquids and slurries B. EMF E. Amperes C. Size of the charge F. None of the Above 104. A second wire in reach of this magnetic field will experience this change in magnetic field as a change in its coupled magnetic flux, d ΦB / d t. Therefore, an electromotive force is set up in the second loop called the _______________or transformer EMF. If the two ends of this loop are connected through an electrical load, current will flow. A. Electron(s) D. Resistance B. Current E. Induced EMF C. Potential difference F. None of the Above Magnetic flow meter 105. _______________is used for measuring the flow of electrically conductive liquids and slurries. Such instruments are called magnetic flow meters. A. Ohms D. Faraday's law B. EMF E. Amperes C. Size of the charge F. None of the Above Understanding Resistance 106. Except in special superconductor materials, ____________generally do not freely flow. In insulators, like certain ceramics and plastics, electrons are bound tightly to their atoms. A. Electron(s) D. Resistance B. Current E. Volts C. Potential difference F. None of the Above 107. No electrons move at all until the voltage or __________ is very high, typically thousands of volts. This is why insulators are used to contain electricity safely. In any conductor, the slightest voltage will move electrons. A. Ohms D. Electrically conductive liquids and slurries B. EMF E. Amperes C. Size of the charge F. None of the Above 24 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 108. In those materials with high ____________ however, few will move. In materials with low resistance, many electrons will move with very small voltages. A. Electron(s) D. Resistance B. Current E. Volts C. Potential difference F. None of the Above 109. Resistance is measured in _____________ and is designated by the symbol Ω (omega). A. Ohms D. Potential difference B. EMF E. Amperes C. Size of the charge F. None of the Above Measuring Resistance 110. The symbol "V" is used to represent something called the _______________. A. Electron(s) D. Resistance B. Current E. Amperes C. Potential difference F. None of the Above 111. ________________is the amount of work done in moving a charge between two points, divided by the size of the charge. A. Ohms D. Potential difference B. EMF E. Amperes C. Size of the charge F. None of the Above 112. The greater that difference, the more likely it is that charge will move. The potential difference is measured in volts, and potential is commonly referred to as voltage. "I" is the symbol for current and "R" is the symbol for the ____________ of the system. A. Electron(s) D. Resistance B. Current E. Volts C. Potential difference F. None of the Above 113. Current is measured in amperes and resistance is measured in ___________. A. Ohms D. Electrically conductive liquids and slurries B. EMF E. Amperes C. Size of the charge F. None of the Above Ohm’s Law This section will describe what electricity is, how it is generated, and how it behaves. Voltage, current, resistance and power are explained in this lesson, and Ohm’s Law is used to explain their relationship in an electric circuit. Ohm's Law tells us that: 114. Current is inversely proportional to resistance. If ___________increases, current decreases; if resistance decreases, current increases. A. Ohms D. Resistance B. EMF E. Amperes C. Size of the charge F. None of the Above 25 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 115. Current is directly proportional to___________. That is, if voltage goes up, so does current; if voltage goes down, so does current. A. Electron(s) D. Voltage B. Current E. Volts C. Potential difference F. None of the Above What is Electrical Resistance? 116. The electrical resistance of an electrical conductor is the opposition to the passage of an electric current through that conductor; the inverse quantity is______________, the ease at which an electric current passes. A. The voltage difference D. Proportional to the potential difference B. Classical mechanics E. Electrical conductance C. Its resistivity F. None of the Above 117. ____________ shares some conceptual parallels with the mechanical notion of friction. The SI unit of electrical resistance is the ohm (Ω), while electrical conductance is measured in siemens (S). A. Conductance D. Infinity B. Electrical resistance E. Current C. Electric field vector F. None of the Above 118. An object of uniform cross section has a resistance proportional to its resistivity and length and inversely proportional to its cross-sectional area. All materials show some resistance, except for superconductors, which have a________________. A. The voltage difference D. Proportional to the potential difference B. Resistance of zero E. The charge is negative C. Its resistivity F. None of the Above 119. In other cases, such as a diode or battery, V and I are not directly proportional, or in other words the I–V curve is not a straight line through the origin, and Ohm's law does not hold. In this case, resistance and ______________ are less useful concepts, and more difficult to define. A. Conductance D. Infinity B. Electrical resistance E. Current C. Electric field vector F. None of the Above Kirchoff’s Contribution 120. Objects may possess a property known as an electric charge. An electric field exerts a force on charged objects. If the charged object has a______________, the force will be in the direction of the electric field vector at that point. The force will be in the opposite direction if the charge is negative. A. The voltage difference D. Proportional to the potential difference B. Positive charge E. Charge is negative C. Its resistivity F. None of the Above 26 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 121. ___________________is given by the quantity of the charge multiplied by the magnitude of the electric field vector. A. Conductance D. The magnitude of the force B. Electrical resistance E. Current C. Electric field vector F. None of the Above 122. A net force acting on an object will cause it to accelerate, as explained by _________ which explores concepts such as force, energy, potential etc. A. The voltage difference D. Proportional to the potential difference B. Classical mechanics E. The charge is negative C. Its resistivity F. None of the Above 123. The electric potential (or simply potential) at a point in an electric field is defined as the work done in moving a unit positive charge from infinity to that point. _____________at infinity is assumed to be zero. A. Conductance D. The electric potential B. Electrical resistance E. Current C. Electric field vector F. None of the Above Potential Difference 124. The voltage difference between any two points in a circuit is known as the Potential Difference, pd or ______________and it is the difference between these two points that makes the current flow. A. The voltage difference D. Proportional to the potential difference B. Voltage Drop E. The charge is negative C. Its resistivity F. None of the Above 125. Unlike __________ which flows around a circuit in the form of electrical charge, potential difference does not move it is applied. The unit of potential difference is the volt and is defined as the potential difference across a resistance of one ohm carrying a current of one ampere. In other words, V = I.R A. Conductance D. Infinity B. Electrical resistance E. Current C. Electric field vector F. None of the Above 126. Ohm's Law states that for a linear circuit the current flowing through it ______________across it so the greater the potential difference across any two points the bigger will be the current flowing through it. A. The voltage difference D. Is not proportional to the potential difference B. Electrical resistance E. Is proportional to the potential difference C. Its resistivity F. None of the Above 127. For electrical circuits, the earth or __________is usually taken to be at zero volts ( 0V ) and everything is referenced to that common point in a circuit. This is similar in theory to measuring height. A. Conductance D. Ground potential B. Electrical resistance E. Current C. Electric field vector F. None of the Above 27 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 128. To complete the analysis, we work backwards to the original circuit, applying Kirchoff’s laws: Kirchoff’s Current Law: The sum of currents entering a junction must equal the sum of currents leaving that___________. A. Voltage difference D. Potential difference B. Junction E. The charge is negative C. Resistivity F. None of the Above 129. Kirchoff’s Voltage Law: The sum of potential drops around a circuit must equal the sum of potential rises around the _______________. A. Conductance D. Infinity B. Electrical resistance E. Current C. Electric field vector F. None of the Above Direct Current (DC) or Alternating Current (AC) 130. In engineering or household applications, current is often described as being either direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC). These terms refer to how the current varies in time.___________, as produced by example from a battery and required by most electronic devices, is a unidirectional flow from the positive part of a circuit to the negative. A. Alternating current D. An electric field B. Capacitance E. Direct current C. Negative F. None of the Above 131. If, as is most common, this flow is carried by electrons, they will be travelling in the opposite direction. ________________is any current that reverses direction repeatedly; almost always this takes the form of a sine wave. A. Lines of force D. Alternating current B. Test charge E. Energy in first one direction C. Electric field F. None of the Above 132. Alternating current thus pulses back and forth within __________without the charge moving any net distance over time. A. Alternating current D. An electric field B. Capacitance E. A conductor C. Negative F. None of the Above 133. The time-averaged value of _____________is zero, but it delivers energy in first one direction, and then the reverse. A. Lines of force D. An alternating current B. Test charge E. Energy in first one direction C. Electric field F. None of the Above 134. __________is affected by electrical properties that are not observed under steady state direct current, such as inductance and capacitance. A. Alternating current D. An electric field B. Capacitance E. Gravity C. Negative F. None of the Above 28 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 135. These properties however can become important when circuitry is subjected to _________, such as when first energized. A. Lines of force D. Transients B. Test charge E. Energy in first one direction C. Electric field F. None of the Above Electric Field 136. The concept of the electric field was introduced by Michael Faraday. _________ is created by a charged body in the space that surrounds it, and results in a force exerted on any other charges placed within the field. A. Alternating current D. An electric field B. Capacitance E. Gravity C. Negative F. None of the Above 137. The electric field acts between two charges in a similar manner to the way that the ________________between two masses, and like it, extends towards infinity and shows an inverse square relationship with distance. However, there is an important difference. A. Lines of force D. Gravitational field acts B. Test charge E. Energy in first one direction C. Electric field F. None of the Above 138. ____________always acts in attraction, drawing two masses together, while the electric field can result in either attraction or repulsion. A. Alternating current D. An electric field B. Capacitance E. Gravity C. Negative F. None of the Above 139. Since large bodies such as planets generally carry no net charge, the __________at a distance is usually zero. Thus gravity is the dominant force at distance in the universe, despite being much weaker. A. Lines of force D. Transients B. Test charge E. Energy in first one direction C. Electric field F. None of the Above 140. ____________ generally varies in space, and its strength at any one point is defined as the force (per unit charge) that would be felt by a stationary, negligible charge if placed at that point. A. Alternating current D. An electric field B. Capacitance E. Gravity C. Negative F. None of the Above 141. The conceptual charge, termed a ______________', must be vanishingly small to prevent its own electric field disturbing the main field and must also be stationary to prevent the effect of magnetic fields. A. Lines of force D. Transients B. Test charge E. Energy in first one direction C. Electric field F. None of the Above 29 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 142. As the electric field is defined in terms of force, and force is a vector, so it follows that an electric field is also a vector, having both magnitude and direction. Specifically, it is____________. A. Alternating current D. An electric field B. Capacitance E. A vector field C. Negative F. None of the Above 143. The study of electric fields created by stationary charges is called electrostatics. The field may be visualized by a set of imaginary lines whose direction at any point is the same as that of the field. This concept was introduced by Faraday, whose term ' ____________ ' still sometimes sees use. A. Lines of force D. Transients B. Test charge E. Field lines C. Electric field F. None of the Above 144. The field lines are the paths that a point positive charge would seek to make as it was forced to move within the field; they are however an imaginary concept with_____________, and the field permeates all the intervening space between the lines. A. Alternating current D. An electric field B. Capacitance E. No physical existence C. Field lines F. None of the Above 145. _______________emanating from stationary charges have several key properties: first, that they originate at positive charges and terminate at negative charges; second, that they must enter any good conductor at right angles, and third, that they may never cross nor close in on themselves. A. Lines of force D. Field lines B. Test charge E. Energy in first one direction C. Electric field F. None of the Above 146. A hollow conducting body carries all its charge on its outer surface. The field is therefore zero at all places inside the body. This is the operating principal of the Faraday cage, a conducting metal shell which isolates its interior from ______________. A. Outside electrical effects D. This principle B. Electric field strength E. Faraday cage C. Electrical breakdown F. None of the Above 147. __________________are important when designing items of high-voltage equipment. There is a finite limit to the electric field strength that may be withstood by any medium. A. Outside electrical effects D. This principle B. Electric field strength E. The principles of electrostatics C. Electrical breakdown F. None of the Above 148. Beyond this point, electrical breakdown occurs and an electric arc causes flashover between the charged parts. Air, for example, tends to arc across small gaps at __________which exceed 30 kV per centimeter. A. Electric field strengths D. This principle B. Electric strength E. Faraday cage C. Electrical breakdown F. None of the Above 30 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 149. Over larger gaps, its breakdown strength is weaker, perhaps 1 kV per centimeter. The most visible natural occurrence of this is_________________, caused when charge becomes separated in the clouds by rising columns of air, and raises the electric field in the air to greater than it can withstand. The voltage of a large lightning cloud may be as high as 100 MV and have discharge energies as great as 250 kWh. A. Outside electrical effects D. Lightning B. Electric field strength E. Faraday cage C. Electrical breakdown F. None of the Above 150. _____________is greatly affected by nearby conducting objects, and it is particularly intense when it is forced to curve around sharply pointed objects. This principle is exploited in the lightning conductor, the sharp spike of which acts to encourage the lightning stroke to develop there, rather than to the building it serves to protect. A. The field strength D. Potential of the surface B. Electric field strength E. Faraday cage C. Electrical breakdown F. None of the Above Electric Potential 151. ______________ is closely linked to that of the electric field. A small charge placed within an electric field experiences a force, and to have brought that charge to that point against the force requires work. A. Two specified points D. Electrically uncharged—and unchargeable B. Force E. The concept of electric potential C. Electric potential difference F. None of the Above 152. The electric potential at any point is defined as the energy required to bring a unit test charge from _______________ slowly to that point. It is usually measured in volts, and one volt is the potential for which one joule of work must be expended to bring a charge of one coulomb from infinity. A. Earth itself D. An infinite distance B. An electric field E. Potential of the surface C. Potential F. None of the Above 153. This definition of potential, while formal, has little practical application, and a more useful concept is that of electric potential difference, and is the energy required to move a unit charge between ____________. A. Two specified points D. Electrically uncharged—and unchargeable B. Force E. Potential of the surface C. Electric potential difference F. None of the Above 154. An electric field has the special property that it is conservative, which means that the path taken by the test charge is irrelevant: all paths between two specified points expend the same energy, and thus a ______________may be stated. A. Earth itself D. Earth B. Potential of the surface E. An electric field C. Potential F. None of the Above 31 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 155. The __________is so strongly identified as the unit of choice for measurement and description of electric potential difference that the term voltage sees greater everyday usage. A. Volt D. Electrically uncharged—and unchargeable B. Force E. Potential of the surface C. Electric potential difference F. None of the Above 156. For practical purposes, it is useful to define a common reference point to which potentials may be expressed and compared. While this could be at infinity, a much more useful reference is the ___________, which is assumed to be at the same potential everywhere. This reference point naturally takes the name earth or ground. A. Earth itself D. Earth ground B. An electric field E. Potential of the surface C. Potential F. None of the Above 157. Earth is assumed to be an infinite source of equal amounts of____________, and is therefore electrically uncharged—and unchargeable. A. Two specified points D. Electrically uncharged—and unchargeable B. Positive and negative charge E. Potential of the surface C. Electric potential difference F. None of the Above 158. Electric potential is a scalar quantity, that is, it has only magnitude and not direction. It may be viewed as analogous to height: just as a released object will fall through a difference in heights caused by a gravitational field, so a charge will 'fall' across the voltage caused by an electric field. As relief maps show contour lines marking points of equal height, a set of lines marking points of equal potential (known as equipotentials) may be drawn around__________. A. Earth itself D. An electrostatically charged object B. Potential of the surface E. An electric field C. Potential F. None of the Above 159. The equipotentials cross _________at right angles. They must also lie parallel to a conductor's surface; otherwise this would produce a force that will move the charge carriers to even the potential of the surface. A. Two specified points D. Electrically uncharged—and unchargeable B. All lines of force E. Potential of the surface C. Electric potential difference F. None of the Above 160. _____________was formally defined as the force exerted per unit charge, but the concept of potential allows for a more useful and equivalent definition: the electric field is the local gradient of the electric potential. A. Earth itself D. Earth B. The electric field E. Potential of the surface C. Potential F. None of the Above 161. Usually expressed in volts per meter, the __________is the line of greatest slope of potential, and where the equipotentials lie closest together. A. Vector direction of the field D. Electrically uncharged—and unchargeable B. Force E. Potential of the surface C. Electric potential difference F. None of the Above 32 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 Understanding Single-Phase Power 162. In electrical engineering, ___________refers to the distribution of alternating current electric power using a system in which all the voltages of the supply vary in unison. A. Three-phase service D. The waveforms of the three supply conductors B. High power systems E. Single-phase electric power C. Single phase F. None of the Above 163. ____________ is used when loads are mostly lighting and heating, with few large electric motors. A. Power frequency D. Single-phase power distribution B. Three phase(s) E. Single-phase distribution C. Poly-phase distribution F. None of the Above 164. _______________connected to an alternating current electric motor does not produce a revolving magnetic field; single-phase motors need additional circuits for starting, and such motors are uncommon above 10 or 20 kW in rating. A. Three-phase service D. The waveforms of the three supply conductors B. High power systems E. Voltages of the supply vary in unison C. A single-phase supply F. None of the Above 165. In contrast, in a _____________ system, the currents in each conductor reach their peak instantaneous values sequentially, not simultaneously; in each cycle of the power frequency, first one, then the second, then the third current reaches its maximum value. A. Power frequency D. Single-phase power distribution B. Three phase(s) E. Single-phase distribution C. Poly-phase distribution F. None of the Above 166. ______________of the three supply conductors are offset from one another in time (delayed in phase) by one-third of their period. A. Three-phase service D. The waveforms B. High power systems E. Voltages of the supply vary in unison C. Single phase F. None of the Above 167. When the __________are connected to windings around the interior of a motor stator, they produce a revolving magnetic field; such motors are self-starting. A. Power frequency D. Single-phase power distribution B. Three phase(s) E. Single-phase distribution C. Poly-phase distribution F. None of the Above Standard Frequencies of Single-Phase Power 168. Standard frequencies of single-phase power systems are either 50 or 60 Hz. Special single-phase traction power networks may operate at 16.67 Hz or other frequencies to power electric railways. In some countries such as the United States, __________ is commonly divided in half to create split-phase electric power for household appliances and lighting. A. Three-phase service D. The waveforms of the three supply conductors B. High power systems E. Voltages of the supply vary in unison C. Single phase F. None of the Above 33 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 169. Single-phase power distribution is widely used especially in rural areas, where the cost of a _____________network is high and motor loads are small and uncommon. A. Power frequency D. Single-phase power distribution B. Three-phase distribution E. Single-phase distribution C. Poly-phase distribution F. None of the Above 170. High power systems, say, hundreds of kVA or larger, are nearly always __________. The largest supply normally available as single phase varies according to the standards of the electrical utility. A. Three-phase D. The waveforms of the three supply conductors B. High power systems E. Voltages of the supply vary in unison C. Single phase F. None of the Above 171. In North America, individual residences and small commercial buildings with services up to about 100 kVA (417 amperes at 240 volts) will usually have three-wire single-phase distribution, often with only one customer per distribution transformer. In exceptional cases larger single-phase three-wire services can be provided, usually only in remote areas where ____________ is not available. A. Power frequency D. Single-phase power distribution B. Three phase(s) E. Single-phase distribution C. Poly-phase distribution F. None of the Above 172. In rural areas farmers who wish to use ___________ motors may install a phase converter if only a single-phase supply is available. Larger consumers such as large buildings, shopping centers, factories, office blocks, and multiple-unit apartment blocks will have threephase service. In densely populated areas of cities, network power distribution is used with many customers and many supply transformers connected to provide hundreds or thousands of kVA, a load concentrated over a few hundred square meters. A. Three-phase D. The supply conductors B. High power systems E. Voltages of the supply vary in unison C. Single phase F. None of the Above Understanding Three-Phase Power 173. __________ electric power is a common method of alternating-current electric power generation, transmission, and distribution. It is a type of polyphase system and is the most common method used by electrical grids worldwide to transfer power. It is also used to power large motors and other heavy loads. A. Power frequency D. Single-phase power distribution B. Three phase(s) E. Single-phase distribution C. Poly-phase distribution F. None of the Above 174. A __________is generally more economical than others because it uses less conductor material to transmit electric power than equivalent single-phase or two-phase systems at the same voltage. The three-phase system was introduced and patented by Nikola Tesla in 1887 and 1888. A. Three-phase system D. Supply conductor B. High power system E. Balanced load C. Single phase F. None of the Above 34 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 175. In a three-phase system, ______________carry three alternating currents (of the same frequency) which reach their instantaneous peak values at different times. A. A balanced load D. Instantaneous peak values B. Single-phase E. This delay between phases C. Three circuit conductors F. None of the Above 176. Taking one conductor as the reference, the other two currents are delayed in time by one-third and two-thirds of one cycle of the_______________. A. Neutral wire D. Linear balanced load B. Electric current E. Lowest phase order C. Four-phase system F. None of the Above 177. _____________has the effect of giving constant power transfer over each cycle of the current and also makes it possible to produce a rotating magnetic field in an electric motor. A. This delay between phases D. Linear balanced load B. Three-phase circuits E. The lowest phase order C. Three-phase system F. None of the Above 178. Three-phase systems may have a_____________. A. Neutral wire D. Linear balanced load B. Three-phase circuits E. The lowest phase order C. One phase system F. None of the Above 179. A neutral wire allows the three-phase system to use a higher voltage while still supporting lower-voltage single-phase appliances. In____________, it is common not to have a neutral wire as the loads can simply be connected between phases (phase-phase connection). A. High-voltage distribution situations D. Linear balanced load B. Three-phase circuits E. The lowest phase order C. Two-phase system F. None of the Above Three-phase has properties that make it very desirable in electric power systems: 180. The phase currents tend to cancel out one another, summing to zero in the case of a linear balanced load. This makes it possible to eliminate or reduce the size of the neutral conductor; all the phase conductors carry the same current and so can be the same size, for ____________. A. A balanced load D. Instantaneous peak values B. Single-phase E. This delay between phases C. Three-phase systems F. None of the Above 181. Power transfer into a _____________ is constant, which helps to reduce generator and motor vibrations. A. Neutral wire D. Linear balanced load B. Three-phase circuits E. Phase order C. Three-phase system F. None of the Above 35 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 182. ____________ can produce a magnetic field that rotates in a specified direction, which simplifies the design of electric motors. A. A balanced load D. Instantaneous peak values B. Single-phase E. This delay between phases C. Three-phase systems F. None of the Above 183. Three is ___________order to exhibit all of these properties. A. The neutral wire D. Linear balanced load B. Three-phase circuits E. The lowest phase order C. Three-phase system F. None of the Above 184. Most household loads are ____________. In North America and a few other places, three-phase power generally does not enter homes. Even in areas where it does, it is typically split out at the main distribution board and the individual loads are fed from a single phase. Sometimes it is used to power electric stoves and electric clothes dryers. A. A balanced load D. At instantaneous peak values B. Single-phase E. Between phases C. Three-phase systems F. None of the Above 3 Or 4 Wire 185. ______________ occur in two varieties: three-wire and four-wire. Both types have three energized ("hot" or "live") wires, but the 4-wire circuit also has neutral wire. A. Instantaneous peak values D. Linear balanced load B. Three-phase circuits E. The lowest phase order C. Three-phase system F. None of the Above 186. The three-wire system is used when the loads on the 3 live wires will be balanced, for example in motors or heating elements with_________________. A. A balanced load D. Instantaneous peak values B. Single-phase E. 3 identical coils C. Three-phase systems F. None of the Above 187. The neutral wire is used when there is a chance that the____________. A common example of this is local distribution in Europe, where each house will be connected to just one of the live wires, but all connected to the same neutral. A. Loads are not balanced D. Linear balanced load B. Three-phase circuits E. Lowest phase order C. Three-phase system F. None of the Above 188. The neutral carries the "______________" between the power carried on the 3 live wires. Hence electrical engineers work hard to make sure that the power is shared around equally, so the neutral wire carries as little power as possible and can therefore be made much smaller than the other 3. A. Balanced load D. Instantaneous peak B. Imbalance E. Delay between phases C. Three-phase F. None of the Above 36 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 189. The '3-wire' and '4-wire' designations do not count the ground wire used on many transmission lines, as this is solely for ______________and lightning protection and does not serve to deliver electrical power. A. The neutral wire D. Linear balanced load B. Three-phase circuits E. The lowest phase order C. Three-phase system F. None of the Above 190. _______________of three-phase load is the electric motor. A three-phase induction motor has a simple design, inherently high starting torque and high efficiency. Such motors are applied in industry for pumps, fans, blowers, compressors, conveyor drives, electric vehicles and many other kinds of motor-driven equipment. A. Rectifiers D. Different phases B. Three-phase load E. The most important class C. Large rectifier systems F. None of the Above 191. A three-phase motor is more compact and less costly than a single-phase motor of the same voltage class and rating and single-phase _____________above 10 HP (7.5 kW) are uncommon. A. Rectifiers D. AC motors B. Three-phase load E. Three-phase motor(s) C. Large rectifier systems F. None of the Above 192. Three-phase motors also vibrate less and hence last longer than single-phase motors of the same ____________used under the same conditions. A. Rectifiers D. Different phases B. Power E. Three-phase motor(s) C. Large rectifier systems F. None of the Above 193. Resistance heating loads such as electric boilers or space heating may be connected to three-phase systems. ______________may also be similarly connected. These types of loads do not require the revolving magnetic field characteristic of three-phase motors but take advantage of the higher voltage and power level usually associated with three-phase distribution. A. The neutral wire D. Linear balanced load B. Three-phase circuits E. The lowest phase order C. Three-phase system F. None of the Above 194. Legacy single-phase fluorescent lighting systems also benefit from reduced flicker in a room if adjacent fixtures are powered from__________________. A. Rectifiers D. Different phases B. Three-phase load E. Three-phase motor(s) C. Large rectifier systems F. None of the Above 195. ________________may have three-phase inputs; the resulting DC is easier to filter (smooth) than the output of a single-phase rectifier. A. The neutral wire D. Linear balanced load B. Three-phase circuits E. Large rectifier systems C. Three-phase systems F. None of the Above 37 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 196. Such _______________may be used for battery charging, electrolysis processes such as aluminum production or for operation of DC motors. A. Rectifiers D. Different phases B. Three-phase load E. Three-phase motor(s) C. Large rectifier systems F. None of the Above Phase Converters 197. Occasionally the advantages of three-phase motors make it worthwhile to convert singlephase power to_____________. Small customers, such as residential or farm properties, may not have access to a three-phase supply or may not want to pay for the extra cost of a threephase service but may still wish to use three-phase equipment. A. Many three-phase devices D. A third "subphase" B. A three-phase generator E. Three-phase C. A static phase converter F. None of the Above 198. Such converters may also allow the frequency to be varied (resynthesis) allowing speed control. Some railway locomotives are moving to multi-phase motors driven by such systems even though the incoming supply to a locomotive is nearly always ___________________. A. A single-phase supply D. The static converter B. Rectifier-type loads E. Either DC or single-phase AC C. Subphase F. None of the Above 199. Because __________goes to zero at each moment that the voltage crosses zero but three-phase delivers power continuously, any such converter must have a way to store the necessary energy for a fraction of a second. A. Many three-phase devices D. Single-phase power B. A three-phase generator E. Many three-phase devices C. A static phase converter F. None of the Above 200. One method for using three-phase equipment on a single-phase supply is with a rotary phase converter, essentially a three-phase motor with special starting arrangements and power factor correction that produces_______. A. A single-phase supply D. The static converter B. Rectifier-type loads E. Either DC or single-phase AC C. Balanced three-phase voltages F. None of the Above 201. When properly designed, these rotary converters can allow satisfactory operation of _____________ such as machine tools on a single-phase supply. In such a device, the energy storage is performed by the mechanical inertia (flywheel effect) of the rotating components. An external flywheel is sometimes found on one or both ends of the shaft. A. Many three-phase devices D. Three-phase equipment B. A three-phase generator E. Many three-phase devices C. A static phase converter F. None of the Above 38 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 202. A second method that was popular in the 1940s and 1950s was the transformer method. At that time, ___________________were more expensive than transformers, so an autotransformer was used to apply more power through fewer capacitors. This method performs well and does have supporters, even today. The usage of the name transformer method separated it from another common method, the static converter, as both methods have no moving parts, which separates them from the rotary converters. A. A single-phase supply D. The static converter B. Rectifier-type loads E. Either DC or single-phase AC C. Subphase F. None of the Above 203. Another method often attempted is with a device referred to as _________________. This method of running three-phase equipment is commonly attempted with motor loads though it only supplies power and can cause the motor loads to run hot and in some cases overheat. A. Many three-phase devices D. A third "subphase" B. A three-phase generator E. Many three-phase devices C. A static phase converter F. None of the Above 204. This method does not work when sensitive circuitry is involved such as CNC devices or in induction and____________________. A. A single-phase supply D. The static converter B. Rectifier-type loads E. Either DC or single-phase AC C. Subphase F. None of the Above 205. A three-phase generator can be driven by a______________. This motor-generator combination can provide a frequency changer function as well as phase conversion, but requires two machines with all their expense and losses. A. Many three-phase devices D. A third "subphase" B. Three-phase generator E. Single-phase motor C. Static phase converter F. None of the Above 206. ________________can also form an uninterruptable power supply when used in conjunction with a large flywheel and a standby generator set. A. A single-phase supply D. The static converter B. Rectifier-type loads E. The motor-generator method C. Subphase F. None of the Above 207. Some devices are made which create an imitation three-phase from _____________supplies. This is done by creating a third "subphase" between the two live conductors, resulting in a phase separation of 180° - 90° = 90°. A. Three-wire single-phase D. A third "subphase" B. A three-phase generator E. Many three-phase devices C. A static phase converter F. None of the Above 208. ______________ can run on this configuration but at lower efficiency. A. Many three-phase devices D. A third "subphase" B. A three-phase generator E. Many single phase devices C. A static phase converter F. None of the Above 39 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 209. Variable-frequency drives (also known as solid-state inverters) are used to provide precise speed and torque control of three-phase motors. Some models can be powered by ____________. A. A single-phase supply D. The static converter B. Rectifier-type loads E. Either DC or single-phase AC C. Subphase F. None of the Above 210. _______________work by converting the supply voltage to DC and then converting the DC to a suitable three-phase source for the motor. A. Many three-phase devices D. A third "subphase" B. A three-phase generator E. Many three-phase devices C. VFDs F. None of the Above 211. ______________are designed for fixed-frequency operation from a single-phase source. Similar to a variable-frequency drive, they use a microprocessor to control solid-state power switching components to maintain balanced three-phase voltages. A. A single-phase supply D. The static converter B. Rectifier-type loads E. Either DC or single-phase AC C. Digital phase converters F. None of the Above Alternatives to Three-Phase 212. ________________is used when three-phase power is not available and allows double the normal utilization voltage to be supplied for high-power loads. A. Two-phase D. Three-phase power B. Split-phase electric power E. Electromagnetic Induction C. Direct current F. None of the Above 213. Two-phase electric power, like three-phase, gives constant power transfer to a linear load. For loads that connect each phase to neutral, assuming the load is the same power draw, the two-wire system has a neutral current which is greater than neutral current in___________. A. A circuit D. Electromagnet Induction B. A three-phase system E. Direct current C. Voltage F. None of the Above 214. Also motors are not entirely linear, which means that despite the theory, motors running on three-phase tend to run smoother than those on ___________. A. Two-phase D. Three-phase power B. Polarity E. Electromagnetic Induction C. Direct current F. None of the Above 40 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 215. _____________for power transmission have been built and tested. Such transmission lines use six (two-pole, three-phase) or twelve (two-pole, six-phase) lines and employ design practices characteristic of extra-high-voltage transmission lines. High-phase-order transmission lines may allow transfer of more power through a given transmission line right-ofway without the expense of a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) converter at each end of the line. A. A circuit D. Electromagnet Induction B. High-phase-order systems E. Direct current C. Voltage F. None of the Above Direct Current versus Alternation Current 216. Direct current flows in one direction only. On a graph or an oscilloscope screen it always appears on one side of the zero axis, because________________. A. Two-phase D. Its polarity does not change B. Polarity E. Electromagnetic Induction C. Direct current F. None of the Above 217. Direct current which does not change in magnitude (or current level) is called steady DC. Batteries produce steady______________. A. DC D. Electromagnet Induction B. AC E. Directional current C. Voltage F. None of the Above 218. ______________does change in magnitude. But it also always appears on the same side of the zero axis on an oscilloscope, because its polarity is constant. A. Pulsating DC D. Three-phase power B. Polarity E. Electromagnetic Induction C. Direct current F. None of the Above 219. Alternating current changes in both magnitude and direction. On an oscilloscope the voltage and current appear on both sides of the zero axis, as _____________alternates and the current changes direction. A. A circuit D. The polarity of the voltage B. AC E. Direct current C. Voltage F. None of the Above 220. This cycle of increase, decrease and reversal occurs on __________basis. A. Two-phase D. Three-phase power B. Polarity E. Electromagnetic Induction C. Direct current F. None of the Above Electromagnet Induction 221. Alternating current is generated through an electrical effect called ______________. Electromagnetic Induction is the ability of a magnetic field to generate a voltage or current in a conductor without physical contact. A. Two-phase D. Three-phase power B. Polarity E. Electromagnetic Induction C. Direct current F. None of the Above 41 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 222. When the conductor becomes part of a circuit, ____________flows in the circuit. A. Current D. Electromagnet Induction B. AC E. Direct current C. Voltage F. None of the Above 223. Generators convert rotational motion into____________. As the coils are turned through a rotational magnetic, voltage is generated. A. Two-phase D. Three-phase power B. Current flow E. Electromagnetic Induction C. Direct current F. None of the Above 224. AC motors also depend upon electromagnetic induction. They convert _________into rotational motion. A. Current flow D. Electromagnet Induction B. AC E. Direct current C. Voltage F. None of the Above 225. The conductor and the _____________are not physically connected, yet a voltage is induced in the conductor when the conductor moves through the magnetic field, or when the magnetic field moves through the conductor. A. Magnetic field D. Three-phase power B. Polarity E. Electromagnetic Induction C. Direct current F. None of the Above Sine Wave for AC 226. Alternating voltage and current generated by rotary motion take the form of a sine wave. It is the most common form of alternating current and voltage. As the conductor turns through the magnetic field, it cuts through the magnetic lines of force at a varying rate. As a result, __________varies in a regular, repetitive pattern. A. Each cycle D. Voltage or current EMP B. Voltage E. Positive current and voltage C. AC F. None of the Above Sine waves are measured and compared by certain features. 227. The AMPLITUDE of the sine wave tells you the maximum value of current or________; it can be either positive or negative. A. Sine wave D. Voltage B. Amplitude E. AC C. A horizontal line F. None of the Above 228. A CYCLE is one complete repetition of the wave form. It is produced by one complete revolution-360 O -of the conductor through the ____________. In each cycle, there are two reversals and two maximums. A. Each cycle D. Voltage or current B. Magnetic field E. Positive current and voltage C. AC F. None of the Above 42 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 229. The ___________ peaks in the positive direction at 90O, crosses the zero axis at 180O, peaks in the negative direction at 270O, then reaches zero again at 360O . A. Sine wave D. Maximum value of current or voltage B. Amplitude E. AC C. A horizontal line F. None of the Above 230. FREQUENCY is the number of cycles per second. The higher the number of cycles per second, the higher the frequency. The higher the frequency the less amount of time for one cycle. __________is generated at 60 cycles or 50 cycles per second. A. Each cycle D. Voltage or current B. Magnetic field E. Positive current and voltage C. Most AC F. None of the Above 231. Note: Amplitude and frequency are independent. Two waves can have the same amplitude and frequency, the same amplitude but different frequency, different amplitude but the same frequency, and different amplitude and different_______________. A. Sine wave D. Maximum value of current or voltage B. Amplitude E. Frequency C. Horizontal line F. None of the Above 232. _____________ is the term used for cycles per (second. 60 Hertz = 60 cycles per second. A. Each cycle D. Voltage or current B. Magnetic field E. Positive current and voltage C. AC F. None of the Above 233. PEAK to PEAK voltage is the voltage measured between the maximum positive and maximum negative points on the sine wave. It is twice the ______________. A. Sine wave D. Maximum value of current or voltage B. Amplitude E. AC C. A horizontal line F. None of the Above 234. RMS (root mean square) voltage or current is a standard means of measuring __________or voltage. RMS = .707 X peak value (the amplitude of the sine wave). A. Each cycle D. Voltage or current B. Magnetic field E. Positive current and voltage C. Alternating current F. None of the Above 235. A horizontal line through the center of the ___________ is the ZERO AXIS. All values above the zero axis are POSITIVE values; all values below the zero axis are NEGATIVE values. A. Sine wave D. Maximum value of current or voltage B. Amplitude E. AC C. A horizontal line F. None of the Above 43 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 236. NEGATIVE current and voltage do just as much work as positive voltage and current. The only difference is that the polarity of the voltage is opposite and current flow is in the opposite direction. They produce exactly the same amount of power as _______________. A. Each cycle D. Voltage or current B. Magnetic field E. Positive current and voltage C. AC F. None of the Above Transformers 237. Make _______________and distribution possible. Transform values of voltage and current. A. Sine wave D. Maximum value of current or voltage B. Amplitude E. AC power transmission C. A horizontal line F. None of the Above 238. Operate on the principle of _____________. A. Transformers D. Electromagnetic induction B. Secondary coil E. One voltage from another C. Primary winding F. None of the Above 239. Usually transfer _____________ from one circuit to another. A. AC voltages D. Expanding magnetic field B. DC E. Secondary voltage C. A common winding F. None of the Above 240. ___________are designed either to step voltage up or to step it down, although some are used only to isolate one voltage from another. A. Most transformers D. Frequencies B. Secondary coils E. Expanding magnetic fields C. Primary windings F. None of the Above 241. Transformers work because electric current generates a magnetic field around its conductor. If the current flow is steady, as in ________________, the magnetic field is constant. But in AC, as the current changes direction the magnetic field keeps expanding and collapsing. A. AC voltages D. Expanding magnetic field frequencies B. DC E. Secondary voltage C. A common winding F. None of the Above 242. _______________ consist of a primary winding or coil connected to the source circuit and a secondary winding connected to the load circuit. A. Transformers D. Electromagnetic induction B. Secondary coils E. Frequencies C. Primary windings F. None of the Above 44 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 243. When __________ flows through the primary, its collapsing and expanding magnetic field induces a voltage and current in the secondary as the lines of force keep cutting through the secondary coil windings. A. AC D. Expanding magnetic fields B. DC E. Secondary voltage C. A common winding F. None of the Above 244. Each turn of wire in the, primary coil has an equal share at the primary voltage across it. The same ______________is induced in each turn of the secondary coil. A. Transformer D. Electromagnetic induction B. Voltage E. Frequency C. Primary winding F. None of the Above 245. So if each turn in the ____________has 4 volts across it, each turn in the secondary will also have 4 volts across it. A. Transformer D. Secondary voltage B. Secondary coil E. Primary coil C. Primary winding F. None of the Above Step-Down Transformers 246. If there are fewer turns in the secondary, the ______________ will be lower than the primary. A. Transformer D. Secondary voltage B. Secondary coil E. Primary coil C. Primary winding F. None of the Above Step-Up Transformers 247. If there are more turns in the secondary coil than in the __________, voltage will be higher on the secondary circuit. A. Transformer D. Secondary voltage B. Secondary coil E. Primary coil C. Primary F. None of the Above Autotransformers 248. Most transformers have primary and secondary coils which are insulated from each other. In Autotransformers, however, the primary and secondary share ______________. A. AC voltages D. Expanding magnetic field B. DC E. Secondary voltage C. A common winding F. None of the Above 249. The part of the winding connected to the source is the ____________. A. Transformer D. Secondary voltage B. Secondary coil E. Primary coil C. Primary winding F. None of the Above 45 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 250. The part of the winding connected to the load is the______________. A. Secondary winding D. Secondary voltage B. Secondary coil E. Primary coil C. Primary winding F. None of the Above 251. The ______________can be tapped at any point to form either the primary or the secondary portion of the winding. A. Transformer D. Winding B. Secondary coil E. Primary coil C. Primary winding F. None of the Above 252. The location of the tap determines the number of turns in the____________. A. Transformer D. Primary or secondary windings B. Secondary coil E. Primary coil C. Primary winding F. None of the Above Line Loss 253. Transformers are essential for transmitting power efficiently. Whenever power is sent over transmission lines, the resistance of the lines results in power lost in______________. A. Edison system D. The form of resistance B. The form of heat E. A 120/240 volt system C. Second load F. None of the Above 254. Line losses can be reduced tremendously by lowering current. At the generating station step-up transformers are used to raise voltage to extremely high levels, sometimes more than 100,000 volts. ____________becomes low, and line losses are held to a minimum. A. Hot wires D. The form of 3-phase AC B. Voltage E. Three-phase electricity C. Current F. None of the Above 255. At substations and service drops, step-down transformers reverse the process, lowering the ______________ back to usable levels. A. Hot wires D. The form of 3-phase AC B. Voltage E. Three-phase electricity C. Current F. None of the Above 3-Phase Power 256. _____________is distributed in the form of 3-phase AC. Basically, instead of just one coil turning in a generator, there are three coils, spaced 120 degrees apart. A. Most power D. The form of 3-phase AC B. Voltage E. Three-phase electricity C. Current F. None of the Above 257. As the coils turn through the magnetic field, power is sent out on___________. Three current and voltage sine waves are generated, 120 degrees out of phase with each other. Each sine wave represents the current or voltage on one of the phases. A. Three lines D. Each sine wave B. The form of heat E. A 120/240 volt system C. Second load F. None of the Above 46 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 258. Three-phase electricity powers large industrial loads more efficiently than single phase electricity. When- ________________is needed, it is available between any two phases, or, in some systems, between one of the phases and ground. A. Single-phase electricity D. The form of 3-phase AC B. Voltage E. Three-phase electricity C. Current F. None of the Above The Edison System 259. Most single-phase AC is supplied from a 3-wire EDISON SYSTEM. There are two hot conductors, and one grounded neutral conductor. In a 120/240 volt system, the __________ between each hot wire and neutral is 120 volts. A. Second load D. The form of 3-phase AC B. Voltage E. Three-phase electricity C. Current F. None of the Above 260. _____________ between the two hot wires is 240 volts. In a 240/480 volt system, available voltages are 240 volts and 480 volts. A. Second load D. The form of 3-phase AC B. Voltage E. Three-phase electricity C. Current F. None of the Above 261. A main advantage of the ___________ is that full line-to-line voltage is available for large power consuming appliances and equipment, but voltage to ground is only half line-to-line voltage. The lower the voltage to ground in any electrical system, the less likely are shorts, fires, and shocks. A. Edison system D. Form of 3-phase AC B. The form of heat E. A 120/240 volt system C. Second load F. None of the Above Balanced and Unbalanced Loads on the Edison System 262. When loads are balanced, that is, when they have the same____________, the same current flows in each hot wire. But at any instant the currents in the hot wires are flowing in the opposite direction. So the current that flows through one load continues on through the other, and no current flows in the neutral. A. Hot wires D. Resistance B. Voltage E. Three-phase electricity C. Current F. None of the Above 263. When loads are not balanced-the _____________ of one is greater than the othercurrent flows in the neutral. The neutral carries the difference between the current in the first load and the current in the second load. A. Hot wires D. Resistance B. Voltage E. Three-phase electricity C. Current F. None of the Above 47 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 System Groundling 264. Most electrical supply systems, ______________, are grounded at some point as a safety measure. "Grounding” or “Earthing” means connecting something with an electrical conductor to the earth. A. Hot conductors D. An electrical conductor to the earth B. Both AC and DC E. Grounding wire(s) C. Load current F. None of the Above 265. All conductors or metal parts-conduit, ground busses, equipment enclosures, junction boxes, machine frames-which are connected to ground at some point have _____________ on them with respect to ground. There is no possibility of current flowing between them and anything that touches them. They cannot provide shocks. A. Grounded conductors D. Ground connection B. 3-wire Edison system E. Zero voltage C. Grounding Wire F. None of the Above 266. In grounded systems, insulation faults or shorts to ground on ________ will carry high current and blow fuses or trip breakers. This is how the system is supposed to work. A. Hot conductors D. An electrical conductor to the earth B. No resistance E. Grounding wire(s) C. Load current F. None of the Above 267. If the ground connection is broken, however, ____________or short to ground on a hot conductor may not open a fuse or breaker, or affect system operation at all. A. Grounded conductors D. Ground connection B. An insulation fault E. Zero voltage C. Grounding Wire F. None of the Above 268. But ____________________on all conductors and parts that are supposed to be grounded wiII rise to full system voltage-a very dangerous situation! In effect, the short to ground on the hot conductors has grounded the system there, and reversed the hot and the supposedly grounded parts of it. So it is important that all conductors and parts which are supposed to be grounded are in fact connected to ground through no resistance. A. Hot conductors D. An electrical conductor to the earth B. No resistance E. Voltage C. Load current F. None of the Above 269. It is also important to recognize the difference between a ___________and a Grounding Wire. A. Grounded conductor D. Ground connection B. 3-wire Edison system ground E. Zero voltage jumper C. Grounding Wire fault F. None of the Above 270. A _______________ is any conductor that is grounded at the source and carries load current. A. Grounded conductor D. Ground connection B. 3-wire Edison system ground E. Zero voltage jumper C. Grounding Wire fault F. None of the Above 48 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 271. For example, the neutral in a 3-wire Edison system is a ____________, because it is normally expected to carry load current whenever the loads are unbalanced. It should not normally be used to ground parts or equipment. A. Grounded conductor D. Ground connection B. Fault E. Zero voltage jumper C. Grounding Wire fault F. None of the Above 272. If _______________developed in its connections, anything connected to ground by it would have voltage on it. A. Hot conductors D. Resistance B. No resistance E. Grounding wire(s) C. Load current F. None of the Above 273. _______________ are usually insulated, since there is the possibility of voltage on them in case of a bad connection. A. Grounded conductors D. Ground connection B. Fault E. Zero voltage jumper C. Grounding Wire fault F. None of the Above 274. A Grounding Wire, on the other hand, connects non-current-carrying metal parts of equipment to ground. It will have current in it only when a fault occurs, and then only briefly until a fuse blows or breaker trips. It is not usually sized to carry full load current. Do not connect loads between a hot conductor and a grounding wire. Grounding wires are______________. A. Hot conductors D. An electrical conductor to the earth B. Grounded conductors E. Permanent C. Often uninsulated F. None of the Above 275. Often, metal parts are grounded through the conduit, cable trays, busways, or metal frames of equipment, and there may be no separate equipment grounding wire. The connection to ground is often at a water pipe, or steel building frame. Some installations include a grounding rod driven in to the earth. Neither a grounding _wire nor a grounded conductor must ever be fused, switched, or broken in any way. The connection to ground must be secure and_________________. A. Hot conductors D. An electrical conductor to the earth B. Grounded conductors E. Permanent C. Often uninsulated F. None of the Above Powering Single-Phase Loads from 3-Phase Systems 276. Any 3-phase system has single-phase voltage between the powerlines that can be used to power single-phase loads at line-to-line voltage, or at some other voltage if a ________________is used. A. Three-phase transformer D. Single-phase loads B. 3-wire Edison system E. Single-phase transformer C. Grounding Wire F. None of the Above 49 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 Four-Wire Wye 277. If a grounded neutral conductor is connected to a wye junction, the system is called a four-wire wye. _________________ can be connected between any powerline and the grounded neutral. The voltage available is line-to-line voltage divided by 1.73. A. Three-phase transformer D. Single-phase loads B. 3-wire Edison system E. Single-phase transformer C. Grounding Wire F. None of the Above Four-Wire Delta 278. A four-wire delta system has a grounded neutral conductor connected to a center tap on one________________. A. Grounded neutral D. Jumper B. Terminals or leads E. Single-phase loads C. Secondary winding F. None of the Above 279. _______________equal to half of the line-to-line voltage is available between the powerline on either end of that winding and the grounded neutral. A. Grounded neutral D. Single-phase voltage B. Terminals or leads E. Single-phase loads C. Secondary winding F. None of the Above 280. The _______________between the other phase conductor and the grounded neutral will be considerably higher than half line-to-line voltage. This 'high leg' or 'bastard voltage' is not normally used to power single-phase loads. A. Phase D. Jumper B. Terminals or leads E. Voltage C. Polarity F. None of the Above 281. Single-phase loads powered by a _____________should be balanced between the lines as much as possible. In other words, the loads should be arranged so that the current in the 3phase conductors is as nearly equal as possible. A. Single-phase power D. Three-phase system B. Single-phase voltage E. Single-phase loads C. Polarity F. None of the Above 282. Current in the neutral will be zero if _____________ connected between the phase lines and a grounded neutral are perfectly balanced. A. Single-phase power D. Three-phase system B. Single-phase voltage E. Single-phase loads C. Polarity F. None of the Above Connecting Loads 283. Most lights require ____________. There are usually just two supply terminals or leads. One, usually black, is designated for the hot conductor and the other, white or grey for grounded neutral. A. Single-phase power D. Three-phase system B. Single-phase voltage E. Single-phase loads C. Polarity F. None of the Above 50 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 284. Industrial heaters, ovens, and dryers, may require single or three-phase power. Connection is usually simple, although dual voltage devices may need jumpers added or removed. There are no phase sequence or_________________. A. Phase-to-ground voltage(s) D. Single-phase voltage B. Current in the neutral E. One conductor will be grounded C. Single-phase power F. None of the Above 285. Many small, single speed, single-phase motors can operate on either 115 or 230 volts by connecting different terminals, or by adding or removing a ______________. A. Phase D. Jumper B. Terminal or lead E. Single-phase load C. Polarity F. None of the Above 286. If there is a choice of which voltage to use, connect the motor for 230 volts; it will draw only half as much current at the__________, and line losses will be less. A. Higher voltage D. Single-phase voltage B. Current in the neutral E. One conductor will be grounded C. Single-phase power F. None of the Above 287. Both conductors to the motor will be hot. ________ usually makes no difference; the motor will run equally well and in the same direction with the leads reversed. A. Phase D. Jumper B. Terminals or leads E. Single-phase loads C. Polarity F. None of the Above 288. If connected for 115 volts, one conductor will be grounded. ___________may be designated for the grounded conductor because of the way the motor is insulated. A. Phase-to-ground voltage(s) D. One of the leads or terminals B. Current in the neutral E. One conductor will be grounded C. Single-phase power F. None of the Above 289. ____________motors may have six or more terminals or leads. A schematic of the motor windings and a diagram of the lead or terminal connections is essential for correct wiring. A. Single-phase power D. Three-phase B. Single-phase voltage E. Single-phase loads C. Multiple speed single-phase F. None of the Above 290. ____________ motors must have three properly sequenced voltages of the correct polarity. A. Single-phase power D. Three-phase B. Single-phase voltage E. Single-phase C. Multiple speed single-phase F. None of the Above 291. Most common ______________ induction motors are dual voltage units. Each of the three windings is divided, so that there is a pair of windings for each phase. The windings may be connected internally for either wye or delta. In both cases there are nine terminals or leads. A. Single-phase power D. Three-phase B. Single-phase voltage E. Single-phase C. Multiple speed single-phase F. None of the Above 51 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 Series Circuit 292. In a series circuit, the components are connected end-to-end, so that all the electrons that leave the source in a current pass through all the components, one after the other, before returning to the source. The same current, in _____________, flows through all the loads. A. Ohm's Law D. Ampere(s) B. Not affected E. Resistance(s) C. The current F. None of the Above 293. If the current is interrupted anywhere in the circuit (an "open circuit"), no current will flow anywhere. This is what happens when a switch is opened, or when one of the loads burns out; all the loads will stop working, since there is no way for the _______________ to complete the circuit back to the source. A. Ohms D. Ampere(s) B. Volts E. Resistance(s) C. Current F. None of the Above 294. The circuit current depends, according to Ohm's Law, on the source voltage and the resistance of the circuit. The resistance of a series circuit is the sum of the ____________ of all the loads. A. Ohms D. Ampere(s) B. Volts E. Resistance C. Current F. None of the Above Parallel Circuits Loads are normally arranged in parallel with each other: 295. _____________can operate and be controlled individually. If one load burns out the others are not affected. A. Ohms D. Ampere(s) B. Loads E. Resistance(s) C. The current F. None of the Above 296. The voltage across each load is source voltage, so each load receives the voltage it requires.The current in each branch is determined by the resistance of the load in that particular branch, so loads of different _____________ratings may be used in the circuit. A. Ohms D. Ampere(s) B. Volts E. Amperage C. Current F. None of the Above Equivalent Circuits 297. Frequently, complex circuits include components in both series and parallel. To figure fuse or conductor size, it is often necessary to find the total ________. Usually, the easiest way to do this is to reduce the circuit to a single, equivalent load, and calculate the current in it. The procedure involves several steps: A. Ohms D. Ampere(s) B. Volts E. Amperage C. Current F. None of the Above 52 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746 298. First, replace any two components that are connected in series with a single component having a resistance equal to the ______________. In other words, if you find two components joined together in series, and nothing else is connected to their junction, add their resistances and replace them with a single equivalent component. A. Sum of their conductances D. Sum of their resistances B. All the loads E. Voltage it requires C. All component combinations F. None of the Above 299. Second, replace any two components that are connected in parallel with a single component having a conductance equal to the _____________. You will need to convert the equivalent conductance back into a resistance before adding it to the resistance of another component in series. A. Sum of their conductances D. Sum of their resistances B. All the loads E. Voltage it requires C. All component combinations F. None of the Above 300. Repeat this procedure as often as necessary until _____________ have been replaced with one equivalent. A. The current D. Sum of the total B. All the loads E. The voltage it requires C. All component combinations F. None of the Above You are finished with the assignment. Please fax or email the registration page and answer key to us and call us a few hours later to ensure we received it. 53 Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016 TLC (866) 557-1746