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Registration form
Basic Electricity CEU Training Course $150.00
48 HOUR RUSH ORDER PROCESSING FEE ADDITIONAL $50.00
Start and Finish Dates: ___________________________ You will have 90 days from this date in
order to complete this course
List number of hours worked on assignment must match State Requirement. ________
Name________________________________Signature___________________________
I have read and understood the disclaimer notice on page 2. Digitally sign XXX
Address:_________________________________________________________________
City_________________________________State___________Zip__________________
Email______________________________ Fax (______) ________________________
Phone:
Home (______) ______________________Work (______ ) ________________________
Operator ID# ______________________________________Exp Date____________
Please circle/check which certification you are applying the course CEU’s.
Water Treatment _________
Wastewater Treatment______
Distribution _______
Collection _________
Other _______________________
Your certificate will be mailed to you in about two weeks.
Technical Learning College PO Box 3060, Chino Valley, AZ 86323
Toll Free (866) 557-1746
Fax (928) 272-0747
[email protected]
If you’ve paid on the Internet, please write your Customer#_________________
Please invoice me, my PO#__________________________________________
Please pay with your credit card on our website under Bookstore or Buy Now. Or
call us and provide your credit card information.
We will stop mailing the certificate of completion we need your e-mail address.
We will e-mail the certificate to you, if no e-mail address; we will mail it to you.
DISCLAIMER NOTICE
I understand that it is my responsibility to ensure that this CEU course is either approved or
accepted in my State for CEU credit. I understand State laws and rules change on a frequent
basis and I believe this course is currently accepted in my State for CEU or contact hour credit, if
it is not, I will not hold Technical Learning College responsible. I fully understand that this type of
study program deals with dangerous, changing conditions and various laws and that I will not
hold Technical Learning College, Technical Learning Consultants, Inc. (TLC) liable in any fashion
for any errors, omissions, advice, suggestions or neglect contained in this CEU education
training course or for any violation or injury, death, neglect, damage or loss of your license or
certification caused in any fashion by this CEU education training or course material suggestion
or error or my lack of submitting paperwork. It is my responsibility to call or contact TLC if I need
help or assistance and double-check to ensure my registration page and assignment has been
received and graded. It is my responsibility to ensure all information is correct and to abide with
all rules and regulations.
State Approval Listing Link, check to see if your State accepts or has pre-approved
this course. Not all States are listed. Not all courses are listed. If the course is not
accepted for CEU credit, we will give you the course free if you ask your State to accept
it for credit.
Professional Engineers; Most states will accept our courses for credit but we do not
officially list the States or Agencies. Please check your State for approval.
State Approval Listing URL…
http://www.tlch2o.com/PDF/CEU%20State%20Approvals.pdf
You can obtain a printed version of the course from TLC for an additional $59.95 plus
shipping charges.
AFFIDAVIT OF EXAM COMPLETION
I affirm that I personally completed the entire text of the course. I also affirm that I
completed the exam without assistance from any outside source. I understand that it is
my responsibility to file or maintain my certificate of completion as required by the state
or by the designation organization.
Grading Information
In order to maintain the integrity of our courses we do not distribute test scores,
percentages or questions missed. Our exams are based upon pass/fail criteria with the
benchmark for successful completion set at 70%. Once you pass the exam, your record
will reflect a successful completion and a certificate will be issued to you.
Not accepted for credit by California Dept. of Water Resources
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Basic Electricity CEU Course Answer Key
Name ___________________________
Telephone # ________________
Did you check with your State agency to ensure this course is accepted for credit?
Method of Course acceptance confirmation. Please fill this section
Website __ Telephone Call___ Email____ Spoke to_________________________
Did you receive the approval number if Applicable? _____________
What is the approval number if Applicable? ____________________
You are responsible to ensure that TLC receives the Assignment and Registration Key.
Please call us to ensure that we received it.
Florida Students are required to pay an addition fee of $65 for TREEO credit.
You can complete this assignment in Adobe Acrobat DC.
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Disclaimer
I understand that this course will cover general laws, regulations, required procedures and work rules relating to electrical
principles. It should be noted, however, that the federal and state regulations are an ongoing process and subject to change
over time. This course is a continuing education course for employees who are learning general electrical principles but are
not allowed to work on electrical projects unless qualified or licensed. It is not designed to meet the full requirements of the
Department of Labor-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) rules and regulations. Only qualified licensed
electricians should be allowed to work on any or all electrical installations or components. This course will not qualify you to
work on any type of electrical system or component.
Signature ____________________________________________
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Please e-mail or fax this survey along with your final exam
BASIC ELECTRICITY CEU TRAINING COURSE
CUSTOMER SERVICE RESPONSE CARD
NAME: _________________________________
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PLEASE COMPLETE THIS FORM BY CIRCLING THE NUMBER OF THE APPROPRIATE
ANSWER IN THE AREA BELOW.
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Any other concerns or comments.
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Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016
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Please fax the answer key to TLC
(928) 272-0747
Rush Grading Service
If you need this assignment graded and the results mailed to you within a 48-hour
period, prepare to pay an additional rush service handling fee of $50.00. This fee may
not cover postage costs. If you need this service, simply write RUSH on the top of
your Registration Form. We will place you in the front of the grading and processing
line. Thank you…
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Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016
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Basic Electricity CEU Course Assignment
The Basic Electricity CEU Assignment is available in Word on the Internet for your Convenience,
please visit www.ABCTLC.com and download the assignment and e mail it back to TLC.
You will have 90 days from the start of this course to complete in order to receive your Professional
Development Hours (PDHs) or Continuing Education Unit (CEU). A score of 70 % is necessary to pass
this course. If you should need any assistance, please email all concerns and the completed manual to
[email protected].
I would prefer that you utilize the enclosed answer sheet in the front, but if you are
unable to do so, type out your own answer key. Please include your name and address
on your manual and make copy for yourself.
Multiple Choice, please select only one answer per question. There are no intentional
trick questions.
The Wonder of Electricity
1. In electricity, charges produce ______________which act on other charges. Electricity
occurs due to several types of physics:
A. Electric charge
D. Electromagnetic fields
B. Electricity
E. Ampere(s) (s) Means the answer can be singular or plural
C. Electrical current F. None of the Above
2. Electric charge: a property of some subatomic particles, which determines
their__________. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic
fields.
A. Electric power
D. Electrical current(s) (s) Means the answer can be singular or plural
B. Electric charge
E. Electromagnetic interactions
C. Charged matter F. None of the Above
3. Electric field (see electrostatics): an especially simple type of electromagnetic field
produced by an electric charge even when it is not moving (i.e., there is no electric current).
The ___________produces a force on other charges in its vicinity.
A. Electric charge
D. Conductor(s)
B. Electric field
E. Ampere(s)
C. Electrical current F. None of the Above
4. Electric potential: the capacity of an electric field to do work on an electric charge, typically
measured in_________________.
A. Electric power
D. Electrical current(s)
B. Electric charge
E. Electromagnetic field(s)
C. Volts
F. None of the Above
5. ____________: A movement or flow of electrically charged particles, typically measured in
amperes.
A. Electric charge
D. Conductor(s)
B. Electricity
E. Ampere(s)
C. Electrical current F. None of the Above
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Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016
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6. Electromagnets: Moving charges produce a magnetic field. Electrical currents generate
magnetic fields, and changing magnetic fields generate _____________.
A. Electric power
D. Electrical current(s)
B. Electric charge
E. Electromagnetic field(s)
C. Charged matter F. None of the Above
How Electricity Is Generated
7. A generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The
process is based on the relationship between magnetism and electricity. In 1831, scientist
Michael Faraday discovered that when a magnet is moved inside a coil of wire,
________________ flows in the wire.
A. Electric charge
D. Conductor(s)
B. Electricity
E. Ampere(s)
C. Electrical current F. None of the Above
8. A typical generator at a power plant uses an electromagnet — a magnet produced by
electricity — not _____________. The generator has a series of insulated coils of wire that
form a stationary cylinder. This cylinder surrounds a rotary electromagnetic shaft.
A. Electric power
D. Electrical current(s)
B. Electric charge
E. Electromagnetic field(s)
C. Charged matter F. None of the Above
9. When the electromagnetic shaft rotates, it induces a small _________ in each section of
the wire coil.
A. Electric charge
D. Conductor(s)
B. Electricity
E. Ampere(s)
C. Electrical current F. None of the Above
10. Each section of the wire becomes a small, separate electric conductor. The small currents
of individual sections are added together to form one large current. This current is the
__________ that is transmitted from the power company to the consumer.
A. Electric power
D. Electrical current(s)
B. Electric charge
E. Electromagnetic field(s)
C. Charged matter F. None of the Above
11. An electric utility power station uses either a turbine, engine, water wheel, or other similar
machine to drive an electric generator — a device that converts mechanical or __________to
electricity.
A. Electric charge
D. Conductor(s)
B. Chemical energy E. Ampere(s)
C. Electrical current F. None of the Above
Joules
12. Energy also can be measured in joules. Joules sounds exactly like the word jewels, as in
diamonds and emeralds. A thousand joules is equal to _____________.
A. Electron(s)
D. The form of electrical energy
B. Conductor(s)
E. Kinetic energy
C. A British thermal unit
F. None of the Above
(s) Means the answer can be singular or plural
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Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016
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13. When electrons move among the atoms of matter, a current of electricity is created. This
is what happens in a piece of wire. The electrons are passed from atom to atom, creating
_________ from one end to other.
A. An electrical current
D. A viable source of electricity
B. Good insulators
E. A variety of heat sources
C. Energy storage
F. None of the Above
14.
Electricity is conducted through some things better than others do.
__________measures how well something conducts electricity. Some things hold their
electrons very tightly.
A. Electron(s)
D. The form of electrical energy
B. Conductor(s)
E. Kinetic energy
C. Its resistance
F. None of the Above
15. Electrons do not move through them very well. These things are called insulators.
Rubber, plastic, cloth, glass and dry air are good insulators and have___________.
A. An electrical current
D. Very high resistance
B. Good insulators
E. A variety of heat sources
C. Energy storage
F. None of the Above
Conductors
16. Other materials have some__________, which move through them very easily. These
are called conductors. Most metals – like copper, aluminum or steel – are good conductors.
A. Electron(s)
D. The form of electrical energy
B. Conductor(s)
E. Kinetic energy
C. Loosely held electrons
F. None of the Above
Electrical Generation and Transmission
17. Generation and transmission of electrical energy. While this method, now known as the
triboelectric effect, can lift light objects and generate sparks, it is extremely inefficient. It was
not until the invention of the voltaic pile in the eighteenth century that ____________ became
available.
A. An electrical current
D. A viable source of electricity
B. Good insulators
E. A variety of heat sources
C. Energy storage
F. None of the Above
18. __________________, and its modern descendant, the electrical battery, store energy
chemically and make it available on demand in the form of electrical energy.
A. Electron(s)
D. The form of electrical energy
B. Conductor(s)
E. Kinetic energy
C. The voltaic pile
F. None of the Above
19. The battery is a versatile and very common power source which is ideally suited to many
applications, but its __________ is finite, and once discharged it must be disposed of or
recharged. For large electrical demands electrical energy must be generated and transmitted
continuously over conductive transmission lines.
A. An electrical current
D. A viable source of electricity
B. Good insulators
E. A variety of heat sources
C. Energy storage
F. None of the Above
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Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016
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20. Electrical power is usually generated by electro-mechanical generators driven by steam
produced from fossil fuel combustion, or the heat released from_______________; or from
other sources such as kinetic energy extracted from wind or flowing water.
A. Electron(s)
D. Nuclear reactions
B. Conductor(s)
E. Kinetic energy
C. A British thermal unit
F. None of the Above
21. The modern steam turbine invented by Sir Charles Parsons in 1884 today generates
about 80 percent of the electric power in the world using _________________.
A. An electrical current
D. A viable source of electricity
B. Good insulators
E. A variety of heat sources
C. Energy storage
F. None of the Above
Faraday's Homopolar Disc Generator
22. Such generators bear no resemblance to Faraday's homopolar disc generator of 1831, but
they still rely on his electromagnetic principle that a conductor linking a changing magnetic field
induces a ________________across its ends.
A. Potential difference
D. The form of electrical energy
B. Conductor(s)
E. Kinetic energy
C. A British thermal unit
F. None of the Above
23. The invention in the late nineteenth century of the transformer meant that electrical power
could be transmitted more efficiently at a higher voltage but________________.
A. An electrical current
D. Lower current
B. Good insulators
E. A variety of heat sources
C. Energy storage
F. None of the Above
24. ____________meant in turn that electricity could be generated at centralized power
stations, where it benefited from economies of scale, and then be dispatched relatively long
distances to where it was needed.
A. Electron(s)
D. The form of electrical energy
B. Conductor(s)
E. Kinetic energy
C. Efficient electrical transmission F. None of the Above
25. Since electrical energy cannot easily be stored in quantities large enough to meet
demands on a national scale, at all times exactly as much must be produced as is required.
This requires electricity utilities to make careful predictions of their________________, and
maintain constant co-ordination with their power stations.
A. Electrical current
D. Electricity
B. Good insulators
E. Electrical loads
C. Energy storage
F. None of the Above
Common electrical units used in formulas and equations are:
26. ______________- unit of electrical potential or motive force - potential is required to send
one ampere of current through one ohm of resistance
A. Volt
D. Ohm
B. Kilovolt Ampere E. Power Factor
C. Watt
F. None of the Above
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Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016
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27. __________ - unit of electrical energy or power - one watt is the product of one ampere
and one volt - one ampere of current flowing under the force of one volt gives one watt of
energy
A. Volt
D. Ohm
B. Ampere
E. Static electricity
C. Watt
F. None of the Above
28. ______________- product of volts and amperes as shown by a voltmeter and ammeter in direct current systems the volt ampere is the same as watts or the energy.
A. Volt
D. Volt Ampere
B. Kilovolt Ampere E. Power Factor
C. Watt
F. None of the Above
29. ____________ - unit of resistance - one ohm is the resistance offered to the passage of
one ampere when impelled by one volt
A. Volt
D. Ohm
B. Ampere
E. Static electricity
C. Watt
F. None of the Above
30. Power Factor - ratio of watts to _______________.
A. Volt
D. Ohm
B. Kilovolt Ampere E. Power Factor
C. Volt amperes
F. None of the Above
31. ___________- units of current - one ampere is the current which one volt can send
through a resistance of one ohm
A. Volt
D. Ohm
B. Kilovolt Ampere E. Ampere
C. Watt
F. None of the Above
32. Kilovolt Ampere - one kilovolt ampere - ________- is equal to 1,000 volt amperes
A. Volt
D. KVA
B. Ampere
E. Kilovolt Ampere
C. Watt
F. None of the Above
Static and Current Electricity
33. Static electricity is an imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material.
The charge remains until it is able to move away by means of an electric current
or_______________.
A. Volts
D. Current electricity
B. Amperes E. Electrical discharge
C. Watts
F. None of the Above
34. ______________ is named in contrast with current electricity, which flows through wires or
other conductors and transmits energy.
A. Volts
D. Current electricity
B. Amperes E. Static electricity
C. Wattage F. None of the Above
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Contact-induced Charge Separation
35. _____________ can be exchanged between materials on contact; materials with weakly
bound electrons tend to lose them while materials with sparsely filled outer shells tend to gain
them.
A. Gravity
D. A separation of charge
B. Electron(s)
E. Piezoelectric
C. The triboelectric effect
F. None of the Above
36. ____________ is the main cause of static electricity as observed in everyday life, and in
common high-school science demonstrations involving rubbing different materials together
(e.g., fur against an acrylic rod).
A. Electric conflict
D. A separation of charge
B. Electron(s)
E. Piezoelectric
C. The triboelectric effect
F. None of the Above
37.
Contact-induced charge separation causes your hair to stand up and causes
"____________" (for example, a balloon rubbed against the hair becomes negatively charged;
when near a wall, the charged balloon is attracted to positively charged particles in the wall,
and can "cling" to it, appearing to be suspended against gravity).
A. Static cling
D. A separation of charge
B. Electron(s)
E. Piezoelectric
C. The triboelectric effect
F. None of the Above
Pressure-induced Charge Separation
38. ___________generates a separation of charge in certain types of crystals and ceramics
molecules.
A. Electric conflict
D. A separation of charge
B. Electron(s)
E. Piezoelectric
C. Applied mechanical stress
F. None of the Above
Heat-induced Charge Separation
39. Heating generates a separation of charge in the atoms or molecules of certain materials.
All pyroelectric materials are also _____________. The atomic or molecular properties of heat
and pressure response are closely related.
A. Electric conflict
D. A separation of charge
B. Electron(s)
E. Piezoelectric
C. The triboelectric effect
F. None of the Above
Electromagnets and Electromagnetism
Magnetic field circles around a current
40. Ørsted's discovery in 1821 that a __________existed around all sides of a wire carrying
an electric current indicated that there was a direct relationship between electricity and
magnetism.
A. Electric conflict
D. Magnetic field
B. Magnetism
E. Electrolysis
C. Positive current F. None of the Above
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41. Moreover, the interaction seemed different from gravitational and ____________forces,
the two forces of nature then known.
A. Current
D. Electrical conduction
B. Electrostatic
E. Electric power
C. Electromagnetic emissions
F. None of the Above
42. The force on the compass needle did not direct it to or away from the current-carrying
wire, but acted at right angles to it. Ørsted's slightly obscure words were that "___________
acts in a revolving manner." The force also depended on the direction of the current, for if the
flow was reversed, then the force did too.
A. Electric conflict
D. The electric conflict
B. Magnetism
E. Electrolysis
C. A positive current F. None of the Above
Electric Current
43. The movement of electric charge is known as an electric current, the intensity of which is
usually measured in amperes. ________ can consist of any moving charged particles; most
commonly these are electrons, but any charge in motion constitutes a current.
A. Current
D. Electrical conduction
B. Speed of light
E. Electric power
C. Electromagnetic emissions
F. None of the Above
44. By historical convention, ___________ is defined as having the same direction of flow as
any positive charge it contains, or to flow from the most positive part of a circuit to the most
negative part.
A. Electric conflict
D. Electrical spark(s)
B. Magnetism
E. Electrolysis
C. A positive current F. None of the Above
45. Current defined in this manner is called conventional current. The motion of negatively
charged electrons around an electric circuit, one of the most familiar forms of current, is thus
deemed positive in the opposite direction to that of the_______________.
A. Current
D. Electrical conduction
B. Electrons
E. Electric power
C. Electromagnetic emissions
F. None of the Above
46. Depending on the conditions, an electric current can consist of a flow of charged particles
in either direction, or even in both directions at once. The _______________is widely used to
simplify this situation.
A. Electric conflict
D. Positive-to-negative convention
B. Magnetism
E. Electrolysis
C. A positive current F. None of the Above
47. The process by which _____________passes through a material is termed electrical
conduction, and its nature varies with that of the charged particles and the material through
which they are travelling.
A. Electric current
D. Electrical conduction
B. Speed of light
E. Electric power
C. Electromagnetic emissions
F. None of the Above
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48. Examples of electric currents include_______________, where electrons flow through a
conductor such as metal, and electrolysis, where ions (charged atoms) flow through liquids, or
through plasmas such as electrical sparks.
A. Electric conflict
D. Metallic conduction
B. Magnetism
E. Electrolysis
C. A positive current F. None of the Above
49. While the particles themselves can move quite slowly, sometimes with an average drift
velocity only fractions of a millimeter per second, the ____________that drives them itself
propagates at close to the speed of light, enabling electrical signals to pass rapidly along
wires.
A. Current
D. Electrical conduction
B. Electric field
E. Electric power
C. Electromagnetic emissions
F. None of the Above
50. Current causes______________, which historically were the means of recognizing its
presence. That water could be decomposed by the current from a voltaic pile was discovered
by Nicholson and Carlisle in 1800, a process now known as electrolysis. Their work was
greatly expanded upon by Michael Faraday in 1833.
A. Electric conflict
D. Several observable effects
B. Magnetism
E. Electrolysis
C. A positive current F. None of the Above
51. Current through a ________causes localized heating, an effect James Prescott Joule
studied mathematically in 1840.
A. Current
D. Electrical conduction
B. Resistance
E. Electric power
C. Electromagnetic emission F. None of the Above
52. One of the most important discoveries relating to current was made accidentally by Hans
Christian Ørsted in 1820, when, while preparing a lecture, he witnessed the current in a wire
disturbing the needle of___________________.
A. Electric conflict
D. Electrical spark(s)
B. Magnetism
E. A magnetic compass
C. A positive current F. None of the Above
53. He had discovered electromagnetism, a fundamental interaction between electricity
and_________.
A. Current
D. Electrical conduction
B. Magnetics
E. Electric power
C. Electromagnetic F. None of the Above
What is Electric Power?
54. Electric power is the rate at which _________is transferred by an electric circuit. The SI
unit of power is the watt, one joule per second.
A. Current
D. Electrical conduction
B. Electric energy
E. Electric power
C. Electromagnetic emissions
F. None of the Above
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55. Electric power, like mechanical power, is the rate of doing work, measured in watts, and
represented by the letter P. The term wattage is used colloquially to mean
"________________."
A. Volts
D. Current electricity
B. Amperes E. Electric power in watts
C. Wattage F. None of the Above
Water and Electrical Principles are Very Similar
56. The electronic–hydraulic analogy (derisively referred to as the drain-pipe theory by Oliver
Heaviside) is the most widely used analogy for "___________" in a metal conductor.
A. Volts
D. Hydraulic equivalents
B. Electron fluid
E. Hydraulic ohm analogy
C. Pressure
F. None of the Above
57. Since electric current is invisible and the processes at play in electronics are often difficult
to demonstrate, the various electronic components are represented by __________. Electricity
(as well as heat) was originally understood to be a kind of fluid, and the names of certain
electric quantities (such as current) are derived from hydraulic equivalents.
A. Volts
D. Hydraulic equivalents
B. Electron fluid
E. Hydraulic ohm analogy
C. Pressure
F. None of the Above
Basic Ideas
There are two basic paradigms:
58. Version with pressure induced by __________. Large tanks of water are held up high, or
are filled to differing water levels, and the potential energy of the water head is the pressure
source. This is reminiscent of electrical diagrams with an up arrow pointing to +V, grounded
pins that otherwise are not shown connecting to anything, and so on.
A. Volts
D. Hydraulic equivalents
B. Electron fluid
E. Hydraulic ohm analogy
C. Pressure
F. None of the Above
59. Completely enclosed version with pumps providing pressure only;______________. This
is reminiscent of a circuit diagram with a voltage source shown and the wires actually
completing a circuit.
A. Volts
D. Hydraulic equivalents
B. Electron fluid
E. Hydraulic ohm analogy
C. Pressure
F. None of the Above
60. Applications: Flow and pressure variables can be calculated in fluid flow network with the
use of the ________________. The method can be applied to both steady and transient flow
situations.
A. Volts
D. Hydraulic equivalents
B. Electron fluid
E. Hydraulic ohm analogy
C. Pressure
F. None of the Above
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Component Equivalents
61. Electric potential: In general, it is equivalent to hydraulic head. In this article, it is assumed
that the water is flowing horizontally, so that the force of gravity can be ignored, and then
electric potential is equivalent to__________________.
A. Nothing to the circuit
D. Pressure
B. Voltage in a capacitor
E. Section of pipe
C. Force of gravity
F. None of the Above
62. Wires: A relatively wide pipe completely filled with water is equivalent
to_______________. When comparing to a piece of wire, the pipe should be thought of as
having semi-permanent caps on the ends.
A. A piece of wire
D. Positive pressure
B. Rubber diaphragmE. Flowing water
C. Flow meter
F. None of the Above
63. Connecting one end of a wire to a circuit is equivalent to forcibly un-capping one end of
the pipe and attaching it to another pipe. With few exceptions (such as a high-voltage power
source), a wire with only one end attached to a circuit will do nothing; the pipe remains capped
on the free end, and ___________________.
A. Nothing to the circuit
D. A needle valve
B. Voltage in a capacitor
E. Thus adds nothing to the circuit
C. Force of gravity
F. None of the Above
64. Current: Equivalent to a_______________; that is, the volumetric quantity of flowing
water over time. Usually measured in amperes.
A. Stretched rubber D. Hydraulic volume flow rate
B. Rubber diaphragmE. Flowing water
C. Flow meter
F. None of the Above
65. Transistor: A valve in which a diaphragm, controlled by a low-current signal (either
constant current for a BJT or constant pressure for a FET), moves ___________which affects
the current through another section of pipe.
A. A plunger
D. A needle valve
B. Voltage in a capacitor
E. Section of pipe
C. Force of gravity
F. None of the Above
66. CMOS: A combination of two MOSFET transistors. As the input pressure changes, the
pistons allow the output to connect to________________.
A. Stretched rubber D. Positive pressure
B. Rubber diaphragmE. Either zero or positive pressure
C. Flow meter
F. None of the Above
67. Memristor: A needle valve operated by a flow meter. As water flows through in the
forward direction, the needle valve restricts flow more; as water flows the other direction,
____________opens further providing less resistance.
A. Nothing to the circuit
D. The needle valve
B. Voltage in a capacitor
E. Section of pipe
C. Force of gravity
F. None of the Above
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68. Capacitor: A tank with one connection at each end and a rubber sheet dividing the tank in
two lengthwise (a hydraulic accumulator). When water is forced into one pipe, equal water is
simultaneously forced out the other pipe, yet no water can penetrate the rubber diaphragm.
Energy is stored by the ______________.
A. Stretched rubber D. Stretching of the rubber
B. Rubber diaphragmE. Flowing water
C. Flow meter
F. None of the Above
69. As more current flows "through" the capacitor, the back-pressure (voltage) becomes
greater, thus current "leads"_________________.
A. Nothing to the circuit
D. A needle valve
B. Voltage in a capacitor
E. Section of pipe
C. Force of gravity
F. None of the Above
70. As the back-pressure from the ____________ approaches the applied pressure, the
current becomes less and less. Thus capacitors "filter out" constant pressure differences and
slowly varying, low-frequency pressure differences, while allowing rapid changes in pressure to
pass through.
A. Stretched rubber D. Positive pressure
B. Rubber diaphragmE. Flowing water
C. Flow meter
F. None of the Above
71. Inductor: _________________placed in the current. The mass of the wheel and the size
of the blades restrict the water's ability to rapidly change its rate of flow (current) through the
wheel due to the effects of inertia, but, given time, a constant flowing stream will pass mostly
unimpeded through the wheel, as it turns at the same speed as the water flow.
A. Valve assembly D. A positive displacement pump
B. Potential difference
E. A heavy paddle wheel
C. Feedback control F. None of the Above
72. _________________and its blades are analogous to inductance, and friction between its
axle and the axle bearings corresponds to the resistance that accompanies any nonsuperconducting inductor.
A. Resistance to current
D. The mass and surface area of the wheel
B. Quantity of water
E. Capacitor
C. Water level
F. None of the Above
73. Ideal voltage source, or ideal battery: A dynamic pump with _____________. A pressure
meter on both sides shows that regardless of the current being produced; this kind of pump
produces constant pressure difference.
A. Valve assembly
D. A positive displacement pump
B. Potential difference
E. Water flow
C. Feedback control
F. None of the Above
74. If one terminal is kept fixed at ground, another analogy is_____________, sufficiently
large that the drawn water does not affect the water level.
A. Resistance to current
D. The mass and surface area of the wheel
B. Quantity of water
E. A large body of water at a high elevation
C. Water level
F. None of the Above
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75. Ideal current source: __________________. A current meter (little paddle wheel) shows
that when this kind of pump is driven at a constant speed, it maintains a constant speed of the
little paddle wheel.
A. Valve assembly
D. A positive displacement pump
B. Potential difference
E. Water flow
C. Feedback control
F. None of the Above
76. Resistor: A constriction in the bore of the pipe which requires more pressure to pass the
same amount of water. All pipes have___________, just as all wires have some resistance to
current.
A. Resistance to current
D. The mass and surface area of the wheel
B. Quantity of water
E. Some resistance to flow
C. Water level
F. None of the Above
77. Voltage: Also called voltage drop or ____________. A difference in pressure between two
points. Usually measured in volts.
A. Valve assembly
D. A positive displacement pump
B. Potential difference
E. Water flow
C. Feedback control
F. None of the Above
78. Electric charge: Equivalent to a ______________.
A. Resistance to current
D. The mass and surface area of the wheel
B. Quantity of water
E. Capacitor
C. Water level
F. None of the Above
79. Diode: Equivalent to a one-way check valve with a slightly leaky valve seat. As with a
diode, a small pressure difference is needed before the valve opens. And like a diode, too
much reverse bias can damage or destroy the _______________.
A. Valve assembly
D. A positive displacement pump
B. Potential difference
E. Water flow
C. Feedback control
F. None of the Above
Understanding Voltage
80. Voltage, electrical potential difference, _________________or electric pressure (denoted
∆V) and measured in units of electric potential: volts, or joules per coulomb is the electric
potential difference between two points, or the difference in electric potential energy of a unit
charge transported between two points.
A. Electric current
D. Electric tension
B. Voltage
E. Electric potential difference
C. Electromotive force
F. None of the Above
81. ______________ is equal to the work done per unit charge against a static electric field to
move the charge between two points.
A. Energy
D. Voltage
B. Pressure
E. Charge
C. Electric potential F. None of the Above
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82. A _______________may represent either a source of energy (electromotive force), or lost,
used, or stored energy (potential drop).
A. Electric current
D. A static (unchanging) electric field
B. Voltage
E. Electric potential difference
C. Electromotive force
F. None of the Above
83. A voltmeter can be used to measure the ___________ (or potential difference) between
two points in a system; usually a common reference potential such as the ground of the
system is used as one of the points.
A. Energy
D. Voltage
B. Pressure
E. Charge
C. Electric potential F. None of the Above
84. Voltage can be caused by____________, by electric current through a magnetic field, by
time-varying magnetic fields, or some combination of these three.
A. Electric current
D. A static (unchanging) electric field
B. Static electric fields
E. Electric potential difference
C. Electromotive force
F. None of the Above
85. Voltage is electric potential energy per unit charge, measured in joules per coulomb ( =
volts). It is often referred to as "___________", which then must be distinguished from electric
potential energy by noting that the "potential" is a "per-unit-charge" quantity.
A. Energy
D. Voltage
B. Pressure
E. Charge
C. Electric potential F. None of the Above
86. Mathematically this is expressed as the line integral of the electric field and the time rate of
change of magnetic field along that path. In the general case, both ____________ and a
dynamic (time-varying) electromagnetic field must be included in determining the voltage
between two points.
A. Electric current
D. A static (unchanging) electric field
B. Voltage
E. Electric potential difference
C. Electromotive force
F. None of the Above
87. _________ is now obsolete but tension is still used, for example within the phrase "high
tension" (HT) which is commonly used in thermionic valve (vacuum tube) based electronics.
A. Energy
D. Voltage
B. Pressure
E. Charge
C. Electric potential F. None of the Above
88. ____________ is defined so that negatively charged objects are pulled towards higher
voltages, while positively charged objects are pulled towards lower voltages. Therefore, the
conventional current in a wire or resistor always flows from higher voltage to lower voltage.
A. Electric current
D. A static (unchanging) electric field
B. Voltage
E. Electric potential difference
C. Electromotive force
F. None of the Above
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89. _______________can flow from lower voltage to higher voltage, but only when a source
of energy is present to "push" it against the opposing electric field. For example, inside a
battery, chemical reactions provide the energy needed for current to flow from the negative to
the positive terminal.
A. Energy
D. Voltage
B. Pressure E. Charge
C. Current
F. None of the Above
90. Technically, in a material the ___________is not the only factor determining charge flow,
and different materials naturally develop electric potential differences at equilibrium (Galvani
potentials). The electric potential of a material is not even a well-defined quantity, since it
varies on the subatomic scale.
A. Electric field
D. A static (unchanging) electric field
B. Voltage
E. Electric potential difference
C. Electromotive force
F. None of the Above
Faraday’s Law
91.
Any change in the magnetic environment of a coil of wire will cause a
_____________(EMF) to be "induced" in the coil. No matter how the change is produced, the
voltage will be generated. The change could be produced by changing the magnetic field
strength, moving a magnet toward or away from the coil, moving the coil into or out of the
magnetic field, rotating the coil relative to the magnet, etc.
A. Voltage
D. Magnetic flux in the loop constant
B. Electrical energy
E. Lorentz force
C. Magnetic field strength F. None of the Above
Lenz's Law
92. When an EMF is generated by a change in ___________ according to Faraday's Law, the
polarity of the induced emf is such that it produces a current whose magnetic field opposes the
change which produces it.
A. An electromagnet
D. Other inefficiencies
B. An electromotive force
E. Faraday's Law
C. Magnetic flux
F. None of the Above
93. The induced magnetic field inside any loop of wire always acts to keep the magnetic flux in
the loop constant. In the examples below, if the ______________is increasing, the induced
field acts in opposition to it. If it is decreasing, the induced field acts in the direction of the
applied field to try to keep it constant.
A. EMF
D. Magnetic flux in the loop constant
B. Electrical energy
E. Lorentz force
C. Magnetic field strength F. None of the Above
Back to Faraday’s Law
The most widespread version of Faraday's law states:
94. ____________in any closed circuit is equal to the negative of the time rate of change of
the magnetic flux through the circuit.
A. An electromagnet
D. The induced electromotive force
B. An electromotive force
E. Faraday's Law
C. Magnetic flux
F. None of the Above
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Electrical Generator
95. The _______________ generated by Faraday's law of induction due to relative movement
of a circuit and a magnetic field is the phenomenon underlying electrical generators.
A. EMF
D. Magnetic flux in the loop constant
B. Electrical energy
E. Lorentz force
C. Magnetic field strength F. None of the Above
96. When a permanent magnet is moved relative to___________, or vice versa, an
electromotive force is created.
A. An electromagnet
D. Other inefficiencies
B. An electromotive force
E. A conductor
C. Magnetic flux
F. None of the Above
97. If the wire is connected through__________, current will flow, and thus electrical energy is
generated, converting the mechanical energy of motion to electrical energy. For example, the
drum generator.
A. EMF
D. Magnetic flux in the loop constant
B. Electrical energy
E. An electrical load
C. Magnetic field strength F. None of the Above
98. In the Faraday's disc example, the disc is rotated in a uniform magnetic field perpendicular
to the disc, causing a current to flow in the radial arm due to the___________. It is interesting
to understand how it arises that mechanical work is necessary to drive this current.
A. An electromagnet
D. Other inefficiencies
B. An electromotive force
E. Lorentz force
C. Magnetic flux
F. None of the Above
99. When the generated current flows through the conducting rim, a magnetic field is
generated by this current through__________________________.
A. Ampère's circuital law
D. Magnetic flux in the loop constant
B. Electrical energy
E. Lorentz force
C. Magnetic field strength F. None of the Above
100. The rim thus becomes _____________ that resists rotation of the disc (an example of
Lenz's law). On the far side of the figure, the return current flows from the rotating arm through
the far side of the rim to the bottom brush.
A. An electromagnet
D. Other inefficiencies
B. An electromotive force
E. Faraday's Law
C. Magnetic flux
F. None of the Above
101. The return current flows from the rotating arm through the near side of the rim to the
bottom brush. The induced B-field increases the flux on this side of the circuit, opposing the
decrease in flux due to rotation. Thus, both sides of the circuit generate an ___________
opposing the rotation.
A. EMF
D. Magnetic flux in the loop constant
B. Electrical energy
E. Lorentz force
C. Magnetic field strength F. None of the Above
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102. The energy required to keep the disc moving, despite this reactive force, is exactly equal
to the electrical energy generated (plus energy wasted due to friction, Joule heating, and other
inefficiencies). This behavior is common to all generators converting mechanical energy
to_____________.
A. An electromagnet
D. Electrical energy
B. An electromotive force
E. Faraday's Law
C. Magnetic flux
F. None of the Above
Electrical Transformer
103. The ____________ predicted by Faraday's law is also responsible for electrical
transformers. When the electric current in a loop of wire changes, the changing current creates
a changing magnetic field.
A. Ohms
D. Electrically conductive liquids and slurries
B. EMF
E. Amperes
C. Size of the charge F. None of the Above
104. A second wire in reach of this magnetic field will experience this change in magnetic field
as a change in its coupled magnetic flux, d ΦB / d t. Therefore, an electromotive force is set up
in the second loop called the _______________or transformer EMF. If the two ends of this
loop are connected through an electrical load, current will flow.
A. Electron(s)
D. Resistance
B. Current
E. Induced EMF
C. Potential difference
F. None of the Above
Magnetic flow meter
105. _______________is used for measuring the flow of electrically conductive liquids and
slurries. Such instruments are called magnetic flow meters.
A. Ohms
D. Faraday's law
B. EMF
E. Amperes
C. Size of the charge F. None of the Above
Understanding Resistance
106. Except in special superconductor materials, ____________generally do not freely flow.
In insulators, like certain ceramics and plastics, electrons are bound tightly to their atoms.
A. Electron(s)
D. Resistance
B. Current
E. Volts
C. Potential difference
F. None of the Above
107. No electrons move at all until the voltage or __________ is very high, typically thousands
of volts. This is why insulators are used to contain electricity safely. In any conductor, the
slightest voltage will move electrons.
A. Ohms
D. Electrically conductive liquids and slurries
B. EMF
E. Amperes
C. Size of the charge F. None of the Above
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108. In those materials with high ____________ however, few will move. In materials with low
resistance, many electrons will move with very small voltages.
A. Electron(s)
D. Resistance
B. Current
E. Volts
C. Potential difference
F. None of the Above
109. Resistance is measured in _____________ and is designated by the symbol Ω (omega).
A. Ohms
D. Potential difference
B. EMF
E. Amperes
C. Size of the charge F. None of the Above
Measuring Resistance
110. The symbol "V" is used to represent something called the _______________.
A. Electron(s)
D. Resistance
B. Current
E. Amperes
C. Potential difference
F. None of the Above
111. ________________is the amount of work done in moving a charge between two points,
divided by the size of the charge.
A. Ohms
D. Potential difference
B. EMF
E. Amperes
C. Size of the charge
F. None of the Above
112. The greater that difference, the more likely it is that charge will move. The potential
difference is measured in volts, and potential is commonly referred to as voltage. "I" is the
symbol for current and "R" is the symbol for the ____________ of the system.
A. Electron(s)
D. Resistance
B. Current
E. Volts
C. Potential difference
F. None of the Above
113. Current is measured in amperes and resistance is measured in ___________.
A. Ohms
D. Electrically conductive liquids and slurries
B. EMF
E. Amperes
C. Size of the charge F. None of the Above
Ohm’s Law
This section will describe what electricity is, how it is generated, and how it behaves. Voltage,
current, resistance and power are explained in this lesson, and Ohm’s Law is used to explain
their relationship in an electric circuit.
Ohm's Law tells us that:
114. Current is inversely proportional to resistance. If ___________increases, current
decreases; if resistance decreases, current increases.
A. Ohms
D. Resistance
B. EMF
E. Amperes
C. Size of the charge F. None of the Above
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115. Current is directly proportional to___________. That is, if voltage goes up, so does
current; if voltage goes down, so does current.
A. Electron(s)
D. Voltage
B. Current
E. Volts
C. Potential difference
F. None of the Above
What is Electrical Resistance?
116. The electrical resistance of an electrical conductor is the opposition to the passage of an
electric current through that conductor; the inverse quantity is______________, the ease at
which an electric current passes.
A. The voltage difference
D. Proportional to the potential difference
B. Classical mechanics
E. Electrical conductance
C. Its resistivity
F. None of the Above
117. ____________ shares some conceptual parallels with the mechanical notion of friction.
The SI unit of electrical resistance is the ohm (Ω), while electrical conductance is measured in
siemens (S).
A. Conductance
D. Infinity
B. Electrical resistance
E. Current
C. Electric field vector
F. None of the Above
118. An object of uniform cross section has a resistance proportional to its resistivity and
length and inversely proportional to its cross-sectional area. All materials show some
resistance, except for superconductors, which have a________________.
A. The voltage difference
D. Proportional to the potential difference
B. Resistance of zero
E. The charge is negative
C. Its resistivity
F. None of the Above
119. In other cases, such as a diode or battery, V and I are not directly proportional, or in
other words the I–V curve is not a straight line through the origin, and Ohm's law does not
hold. In this case, resistance and ______________ are less useful concepts, and more difficult
to define.
A. Conductance
D. Infinity
B. Electrical resistance
E. Current
C. Electric field vector
F. None of the Above
Kirchoff’s Contribution
120. Objects may possess a property known as an electric charge. An electric field exerts a
force on charged objects. If the charged object has a______________, the force will be in the
direction of the electric field vector at that point. The force will be in the opposite direction if the
charge is negative.
A. The voltage difference
D. Proportional to the potential difference
B. Positive charge
E. Charge is negative
C. Its resistivity
F. None of the Above
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121. ___________________is given by the quantity of the charge multiplied by the magnitude
of the electric field vector.
A. Conductance
D. The magnitude of the force
B. Electrical resistance
E. Current
C. Electric field vector
F. None of the Above
122. A net force acting on an object will cause it to accelerate, as explained by _________
which explores concepts such as force, energy, potential etc.
A. The voltage difference
D. Proportional to the potential difference
B. Classical mechanics
E. The charge is negative
C. Its resistivity
F. None of the Above
123. The electric potential (or simply potential) at a point in an electric field is defined as the
work done in moving a unit positive charge from infinity to that point. _____________at infinity
is assumed to be zero.
A. Conductance
D. The electric potential
B. Electrical resistance
E. Current
C. Electric field vector
F. None of the Above
Potential Difference
124. The voltage difference between any two points in a circuit is known as the Potential
Difference, pd or ______________and it is the difference between these two points that makes
the current flow.
A. The voltage difference
D. Proportional to the potential difference
B. Voltage Drop
E. The charge is negative
C. Its resistivity
F. None of the Above
125. Unlike __________ which flows around a circuit in the form of electrical charge, potential
difference does not move it is applied. The unit of potential difference is the volt and is defined
as the potential difference across a resistance of one ohm carrying a current of one ampere. In
other words, V = I.R
A. Conductance
D. Infinity
B. Electrical resistance
E. Current
C. Electric field vector
F. None of the Above
126.
Ohm's Law states that for a linear circuit the current flowing through it
______________across it so the greater the potential difference across any two points the
bigger will be the current flowing through it.
A. The voltage difference
D. Is not proportional to the potential difference
B. Electrical resistance
E. Is proportional to the potential difference
C. Its resistivity
F. None of the Above
127. For electrical circuits, the earth or __________is usually taken to be at zero volts ( 0V )
and everything is referenced to that common point in a circuit. This is similar in theory to
measuring height.
A. Conductance
D. Ground potential
B. Electrical resistance
E. Current
C. Electric field vector
F. None of the Above
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128. To complete the analysis, we work backwards to the original circuit, applying Kirchoff’s
laws:
Kirchoff’s Current Law: The sum of currents entering a junction must equal the sum of currents
leaving that___________.
A. Voltage difference
D. Potential difference
B. Junction
E. The charge is negative
C. Resistivity
F. None of the Above
129. Kirchoff’s Voltage Law: The sum of potential drops around a circuit must equal the sum
of potential rises around the _______________.
A. Conductance
D. Infinity
B. Electrical resistance
E. Current
C. Electric field vector
F. None of the Above
Direct Current (DC) or Alternating Current (AC)
130. In engineering or household applications, current is often described as being either direct
current (DC) or alternating current (AC). These terms refer to how the current varies in
time.___________, as produced by example from a battery and required by most electronic
devices, is a unidirectional flow from the positive part of a circuit to the negative.
A. Alternating current
D. An electric field
B. Capacitance
E. Direct current
C. Negative
F. None of the Above
131. If, as is most common, this flow is carried by electrons, they will be travelling in the
opposite direction. ________________is any current that reverses direction repeatedly; almost
always this takes the form of a sine wave.
A. Lines of force
D. Alternating current
B. Test charge
E. Energy in first one direction
C. Electric field
F. None of the Above
132. Alternating current thus pulses back and forth within __________without the charge
moving any net distance over time.
A. Alternating current
D. An electric field
B. Capacitance
E. A conductor
C. Negative
F. None of the Above
133. The time-averaged value of _____________is zero, but it delivers energy in first one
direction, and then the reverse.
A. Lines of force
D. An alternating current
B. Test charge
E. Energy in first one direction
C. Electric field
F. None of the Above
134. __________is affected by electrical properties that are not observed under steady state
direct current, such as inductance and capacitance.
A. Alternating current
D. An electric field
B. Capacitance
E. Gravity
C. Negative
F. None of the Above
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135. These properties however can become important when circuitry is subjected to
_________, such as when first energized.
A. Lines of force
D. Transients
B. Test charge
E. Energy in first one direction
C. Electric field
F. None of the Above
Electric Field
136. The concept of the electric field was introduced by Michael Faraday. _________ is
created by a charged body in the space that surrounds it, and results in a force exerted on any
other charges placed within the field.
A. Alternating current
D. An electric field
B. Capacitance
E. Gravity
C. Negative
F. None of the Above
137. The electric field acts between two charges in a similar manner to the way that the
________________between two masses, and like it, extends towards infinity and shows an
inverse square relationship with distance. However, there is an important difference.
A. Lines of force
D. Gravitational field acts
B. Test charge
E. Energy in first one direction
C. Electric field
F. None of the Above
138. ____________always acts in attraction, drawing two masses together, while the electric
field can result in either attraction or repulsion.
A. Alternating current
D. An electric field
B. Capacitance
E. Gravity
C. Negative
F. None of the Above
139. Since large bodies such as planets generally carry no net charge, the __________at a
distance is usually zero. Thus gravity is the dominant force at distance in the universe, despite
being much weaker.
A. Lines of force
D. Transients
B. Test charge
E. Energy in first one direction
C. Electric field
F. None of the Above
140. ____________ generally varies in space, and its strength at any one point is defined as
the force (per unit charge) that would be felt by a stationary, negligible charge if placed at that
point.
A. Alternating current
D. An electric field
B. Capacitance
E. Gravity
C. Negative
F. None of the Above
141. The conceptual charge, termed a ______________', must be vanishingly small to
prevent its own electric field disturbing the main field and must also be stationary to prevent
the effect of magnetic fields.
A. Lines of force
D. Transients
B. Test charge
E. Energy in first one direction
C. Electric field
F. None of the Above
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142. As the electric field is defined in terms of force, and force is a vector, so it follows that an
electric field is also a vector, having both magnitude and direction. Specifically, it
is____________.
A. Alternating current
D. An electric field
B. Capacitance
E. A vector field
C. Negative
F. None of the Above
143. The study of electric fields created by stationary charges is called electrostatics. The field
may be visualized by a set of imaginary lines whose direction at any point is the same as that
of the field. This concept was introduced by Faraday, whose term ' ____________ ' still
sometimes sees use.
A. Lines of force
D. Transients
B. Test charge
E. Field lines
C. Electric field
F. None of the Above
144. The field lines are the paths that a point positive charge would seek to make as it was
forced to move within the field; they are however an imaginary concept with_____________,
and the field permeates all the intervening space between the lines.
A. Alternating current
D. An electric field
B. Capacitance
E. No physical existence
C. Field lines
F. None of the Above
145. _______________emanating from stationary charges have several key properties: first,
that they originate at positive charges and terminate at negative charges; second, that they
must enter any good conductor at right angles, and third, that they may never cross nor close
in on themselves.
A. Lines of force
D. Field lines
B. Test charge
E. Energy in first one direction
C. Electric field
F. None of the Above
146. A hollow conducting body carries all its charge on its outer surface. The field is therefore
zero at all places inside the body. This is the operating principal of the Faraday cage, a
conducting metal shell which isolates its interior from ______________.
A. Outside electrical effects
D. This principle
B. Electric field strength
E. Faraday cage
C. Electrical breakdown
F. None of the Above
147. __________________are important when designing items of high-voltage equipment.
There is a finite limit to the electric field strength that may be withstood by any medium.
A. Outside electrical effects
D. This principle
B. Electric field strength
E. The principles of electrostatics
C. Electrical breakdown
F. None of the Above
148. Beyond this point, electrical breakdown occurs and an electric arc causes flashover
between the charged parts. Air, for example, tends to arc across small gaps at
__________which exceed 30 kV per centimeter.
A. Electric field strengths
D. This principle
B. Electric strength
E. Faraday cage
C. Electrical breakdown
F. None of the Above
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149. Over larger gaps, its breakdown strength is weaker, perhaps 1 kV per centimeter. The
most visible natural occurrence of this is_________________, caused when charge becomes
separated in the clouds by rising columns of air, and raises the electric field in the air to greater
than it can withstand. The voltage of a large lightning cloud may be as high as 100 MV and
have discharge energies as great as 250 kWh.
A. Outside electrical effects
D. Lightning
B. Electric field strength
E. Faraday cage
C. Electrical breakdown
F. None of the Above
150. _____________is greatly affected by nearby conducting objects, and it is particularly
intense when it is forced to curve around sharply pointed objects. This principle is exploited in
the lightning conductor, the sharp spike of which acts to encourage the lightning stroke to
develop there, rather than to the building it serves to protect.
A. The field strength
D. Potential of the surface
B. Electric field strength
E. Faraday cage
C. Electrical breakdown
F. None of the Above
Electric Potential
151. ______________ is closely linked to that of the electric field. A small charge placed
within an electric field experiences a force, and to have brought that charge to that point
against the force requires work.
A. Two specified points
D. Electrically uncharged—and unchargeable
B. Force
E. The concept of electric potential
C. Electric potential difference
F. None of the Above
152. The electric potential at any point is defined as the energy required to bring a unit test
charge from _______________ slowly to that point. It is usually measured in volts, and one
volt is the potential for which one joule of work must be expended to bring a charge of one
coulomb from infinity.
A. Earth itself
D. An infinite distance
B. An electric field
E. Potential of the surface
C. Potential
F. None of the Above
153. This definition of potential, while formal, has little practical application, and a more useful
concept is that of electric potential difference, and is the energy required to move a unit charge
between ____________.
A. Two specified points
D. Electrically uncharged—and unchargeable
B. Force
E. Potential of the surface
C. Electric potential difference
F. None of the Above
154. An electric field has the special property that it is conservative, which means that the
path taken by the test charge is irrelevant: all paths between two specified points expend the
same energy, and thus a ______________may be stated.
A. Earth itself
D. Earth
B. Potential of the surface E. An electric field
C. Potential
F. None of the Above
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155. The __________is so strongly identified as the unit of choice for measurement and
description of electric potential difference that the term voltage sees greater everyday usage.
A. Volt
D. Electrically uncharged—and unchargeable
B. Force
E. Potential of the surface
C. Electric potential difference
F. None of the Above
156. For practical purposes, it is useful to define a common reference point to which potentials
may be expressed and compared. While this could be at infinity, a much more useful reference
is the ___________, which is assumed to be at the same potential everywhere. This reference
point naturally takes the name earth or ground.
A. Earth itself
D. Earth ground
B. An electric field
E. Potential of the surface
C. Potential
F. None of the Above
157. Earth is assumed to be an infinite source of equal amounts of____________, and is
therefore electrically uncharged—and unchargeable.
A. Two specified points
D. Electrically uncharged—and unchargeable
B. Positive and negative charge
E. Potential of the surface
C. Electric potential difference
F. None of the Above
158. Electric potential is a scalar quantity, that is, it has only magnitude and not direction. It
may be viewed as analogous to height: just as a released object will fall through a difference in
heights caused by a gravitational field, so a charge will 'fall' across the voltage caused by an
electric field. As relief maps show contour lines marking points of equal height, a set of lines
marking points of equal potential (known as equipotentials) may be drawn around__________.
A. Earth itself
D. An electrostatically charged object
B. Potential of the surface E. An electric field
C. Potential
F. None of the Above
159. The equipotentials cross _________at right angles. They must also lie parallel to a
conductor's surface; otherwise this would produce a force that will move the charge carriers to
even the potential of the surface.
A. Two specified points
D. Electrically uncharged—and unchargeable
B. All lines of force
E. Potential of the surface
C. Electric potential difference
F. None of the Above
160. _____________was formally defined as the force exerted per unit charge, but the
concept of potential allows for a more useful and equivalent definition: the electric field is the
local gradient of the electric potential.
A. Earth itself
D. Earth
B. The electric field E. Potential of the surface
C. Potential
F. None of the Above
161. Usually expressed in volts per meter, the __________is the line of greatest slope of
potential, and where the equipotentials lie closest together.
A. Vector direction of the field
D. Electrically uncharged—and unchargeable
B. Force
E. Potential of the surface
C. Electric potential difference
F. None of the Above
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Understanding Single-Phase Power
162. In electrical engineering, ___________refers to the distribution of alternating current
electric power using a system in which all the voltages of the supply vary in unison.
A. Three-phase service
D. The waveforms of the three supply conductors
B. High power systems
E. Single-phase electric power
C. Single phase
F. None of the Above
163. ____________ is used when loads are mostly lighting and heating, with few large electric
motors.
A. Power frequency
D. Single-phase power distribution
B. Three phase(s)
E. Single-phase distribution
C. Poly-phase distribution F. None of the Above
164. _______________connected to an alternating current electric motor does not produce a
revolving magnetic field; single-phase motors need additional circuits for starting, and such
motors are uncommon above 10 or 20 kW in rating.
A. Three-phase service
D. The waveforms of the three supply conductors
B. High power systems
E. Voltages of the supply vary in unison
C. A single-phase supply
F. None of the Above
165. In contrast, in a _____________ system, the currents in each conductor reach their peak
instantaneous values sequentially, not simultaneously; in each cycle of the power frequency,
first one, then the second, then the third current reaches its maximum value.
A. Power frequency
D. Single-phase power distribution
B. Three phase(s)
E. Single-phase distribution
C. Poly-phase distribution F. None of the Above
166. ______________of the three supply conductors are offset from one another in time
(delayed in phase) by one-third of their period.
A. Three-phase service
D. The waveforms
B. High power systems
E. Voltages of the supply vary in unison
C. Single phase
F. None of the Above
167. When the __________are connected to windings around the interior of a motor stator,
they produce a revolving magnetic field; such motors are self-starting.
A. Power frequency
D. Single-phase power distribution
B. Three phase(s)
E. Single-phase distribution
C. Poly-phase distribution F. None of the Above
Standard Frequencies of Single-Phase Power
168. Standard frequencies of single-phase power systems are either 50 or 60 Hz. Special
single-phase traction power networks may operate at 16.67 Hz or other frequencies to power
electric railways. In some countries such as the United States, __________ is commonly
divided in half to create split-phase electric power for household appliances and lighting.
A. Three-phase service
D. The waveforms of the three supply conductors
B. High power systems
E. Voltages of the supply vary in unison
C. Single phase
F. None of the Above
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169. Single-phase power distribution is widely used especially in rural areas, where the cost of
a _____________network is high and motor loads are small and uncommon.
A. Power frequency
D. Single-phase power distribution
B. Three-phase distribution E. Single-phase distribution
C. Poly-phase distribution F. None of the Above
170. High power systems, say, hundreds of kVA or larger, are nearly always __________.
The largest supply normally available as single phase varies according to the standards of the
electrical utility.
A. Three-phase
D. The waveforms of the three supply conductors
B. High power systems
E. Voltages of the supply vary in unison
C. Single phase
F. None of the Above
171. In North America, individual residences and small commercial buildings with services up
to about 100 kVA (417 amperes at 240 volts) will usually have three-wire single-phase
distribution, often with only one customer per distribution transformer. In exceptional cases
larger single-phase three-wire services can be provided, usually only in remote areas where
____________ is not available.
A. Power frequency
D. Single-phase power distribution
B. Three phase(s)
E. Single-phase distribution
C. Poly-phase distribution F. None of the Above
172. In rural areas farmers who wish to use ___________ motors may install a phase
converter if only a single-phase supply is available. Larger consumers such as large buildings,
shopping centers, factories, office blocks, and multiple-unit apartment blocks will have threephase service. In densely populated areas of cities, network power distribution is used with
many customers and many supply transformers connected to provide hundreds or thousands
of kVA, a load concentrated over a few hundred square meters.
A. Three-phase
D. The supply conductors
B. High power systems
E. Voltages of the supply vary in unison
C. Single phase
F. None of the Above
Understanding Three-Phase Power
173. __________ electric power is a common method of alternating-current electric power
generation, transmission, and distribution. It is a type of polyphase system and is the most
common method used by electrical grids worldwide to transfer power. It is also used to power
large motors and other heavy loads.
A. Power frequency
D. Single-phase power distribution
B. Three phase(s)
E. Single-phase distribution
C. Poly-phase distribution F. None of the Above
174. A __________is generally more economical than others because it uses less conductor
material to transmit electric power than equivalent single-phase or two-phase systems at the
same voltage. The three-phase system was introduced and patented by Nikola Tesla in 1887
and 1888.
A. Three-phase system
D. Supply conductor
B. High power system
E. Balanced load
C. Single phase
F. None of the Above
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175. In a three-phase system, ______________carry three alternating currents (of the same
frequency) which reach their instantaneous peak values at different times.
A. A balanced load
D. Instantaneous peak values
B. Single-phase
E. This delay between phases
C. Three circuit conductors F. None of the Above
176. Taking one conductor as the reference, the other two currents are delayed in time by
one-third and two-thirds of one cycle of the_______________.
A. Neutral wire
D. Linear balanced load
B. Electric current
E. Lowest phase order
C. Four-phase system
F. None of the Above
177. _____________has the effect of giving constant power transfer over each cycle of the
current and also makes it possible to produce a rotating magnetic field in an electric motor.
A. This delay between phases
D. Linear balanced load
B. Three-phase circuits
E. The lowest phase order
C. Three-phase system
F. None of the Above
178. Three-phase systems may have a_____________.
A. Neutral wire
D. Linear balanced load
B. Three-phase circuits
E. The lowest phase order
C. One phase system
F. None of the Above
179. A neutral wire allows the three-phase system to use a higher voltage while still
supporting lower-voltage single-phase appliances. In____________, it is common not to have
a neutral wire as the loads can simply be connected between phases (phase-phase
connection).
A. High-voltage distribution situations
D. Linear balanced load
B. Three-phase circuits
E. The lowest phase order
C. Two-phase system
F. None of the Above
Three-phase has properties that make it very desirable in electric power systems:
180. The phase currents tend to cancel out one another, summing to zero in the case of a
linear balanced load. This makes it possible to eliminate or reduce the size of the neutral
conductor; all the phase conductors carry the same current and so can be the same size, for
____________.
A. A balanced load
D. Instantaneous peak values
B. Single-phase
E. This delay between phases
C. Three-phase systems
F. None of the Above
181. Power transfer into a _____________ is constant, which helps to reduce generator and
motor vibrations.
A. Neutral wire
D. Linear balanced load
B. Three-phase circuits
E. Phase order
C. Three-phase system
F. None of the Above
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182. ____________ can produce a magnetic field that rotates in a specified direction, which
simplifies the design of electric motors.
A. A balanced load
D. Instantaneous peak values
B. Single-phase
E. This delay between phases
C. Three-phase systems
F. None of the Above
183. Three is ___________order to exhibit all of these properties.
A. The neutral wire
D. Linear balanced load
B. Three-phase circuits
E. The lowest phase order
C. Three-phase system
F. None of the Above
184. Most household loads are ____________. In North America and a few other places,
three-phase power generally does not enter homes. Even in areas where it does, it is typically
split out at the main distribution board and the individual loads are fed from a single phase.
Sometimes it is used to power electric stoves and electric clothes dryers.
A. A balanced load
D. At instantaneous peak values
B. Single-phase
E. Between phases
C. Three-phase systems
F. None of the Above
3 Or 4 Wire
185. ______________ occur in two varieties: three-wire and four-wire. Both types have three
energized ("hot" or "live") wires, but the 4-wire circuit also has neutral wire.
A. Instantaneous peak values
D. Linear balanced load
B. Three-phase circuits
E. The lowest phase order
C. Three-phase system
F. None of the Above
186. The three-wire system is used when the loads on the 3 live wires will be balanced, for
example in motors or heating elements with_________________.
A. A balanced load
D. Instantaneous peak values
B. Single-phase
E. 3 identical coils
C. Three-phase systems
F. None of the Above
187. The neutral wire is used when there is a chance that the____________. A common
example of this is local distribution in Europe, where each house will be connected to just one
of the live wires, but all connected to the same neutral.
A. Loads are not balanced D. Linear balanced load
B. Three-phase circuits
E. Lowest phase order
C. Three-phase system
F. None of the Above
188. The neutral carries the "______________" between the power carried on the 3 live wires.
Hence electrical engineers work hard to make sure that the power is shared around equally, so
the neutral wire carries as little power as possible and can therefore be made much smaller
than the other 3.
A. Balanced load
D. Instantaneous peak
B. Imbalance
E. Delay between phases
C. Three-phase
F. None of the Above
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189. The '3-wire' and '4-wire' designations do not count the ground wire used on many
transmission lines, as this is solely for ______________and lightning protection and does not
serve to deliver electrical power.
A. The neutral wire
D. Linear balanced load
B. Three-phase circuits
E. The lowest phase order
C. Three-phase system
F. None of the Above
190. _______________of three-phase load is the electric motor. A three-phase induction
motor has a simple design, inherently high starting torque and high efficiency. Such motors are
applied in industry for pumps, fans, blowers, compressors, conveyor drives, electric vehicles
and many other kinds of motor-driven equipment.
A. Rectifiers
D. Different phases
B. Three-phase load
E. The most important class
C. Large rectifier systems
F. None of the Above
191. A three-phase motor is more compact and less costly than a single-phase motor of the
same voltage class and rating and single-phase _____________above 10 HP (7.5 kW) are
uncommon.
A. Rectifiers
D. AC motors
B. Three-phase load
E. Three-phase motor(s)
C. Large rectifier systems
F. None of the Above
192. Three-phase motors also vibrate less and hence last longer than single-phase motors of
the same ____________used under the same conditions.
A. Rectifiers
D. Different phases
B. Power
E. Three-phase motor(s)
C. Large rectifier systems F. None of the Above
193. Resistance heating loads such as electric boilers or space heating may be connected to
three-phase systems. ______________may also be similarly connected. These types of loads
do not require the revolving magnetic field characteristic of three-phase motors but take
advantage of the higher voltage and power level usually associated with three-phase
distribution.
A. The neutral wire
D. Linear balanced load
B. Three-phase circuits
E. The lowest phase order
C. Three-phase system
F. None of the Above
194. Legacy single-phase fluorescent lighting systems also benefit from reduced flicker in a
room if adjacent fixtures are powered from__________________.
A. Rectifiers
D. Different phases
B. Three-phase load
E. Three-phase motor(s)
C. Large rectifier systems
F. None of the Above
195. ________________may have three-phase inputs; the resulting DC is easier to filter
(smooth) than the output of a single-phase rectifier.
A. The neutral wire
D. Linear balanced load
B. Three-phase circuits
E. Large rectifier systems
C. Three-phase systems
F. None of the Above
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196. Such _______________may be used for battery charging, electrolysis processes such
as aluminum production or for operation of DC motors.
A. Rectifiers
D. Different phases
B. Three-phase load
E. Three-phase motor(s)
C. Large rectifier systems
F. None of the Above
Phase Converters
197. Occasionally the advantages of three-phase motors make it worthwhile to convert singlephase power to_____________. Small customers, such as residential or farm properties, may
not have access to a three-phase supply or may not want to pay for the extra cost of a threephase service but may still wish to use three-phase equipment.
A. Many three-phase devices
D. A third "subphase"
B. A three-phase generator
E. Three-phase
C. A static phase converter
F. None of the Above
198. Such converters may also allow the frequency to be varied (resynthesis) allowing speed
control. Some railway locomotives are moving to multi-phase motors driven by such systems
even though the incoming supply to a locomotive is nearly always ___________________.
A. A single-phase supply
D. The static converter
B. Rectifier-type loads
E. Either DC or single-phase AC
C. Subphase
F. None of the Above
199. Because __________goes to zero at each moment that the voltage crosses zero but
three-phase delivers power continuously, any such converter must have a way to store the
necessary energy for a fraction of a second.
A. Many three-phase devices
D. Single-phase power
B. A three-phase generator
E. Many three-phase devices
C. A static phase converter
F. None of the Above
200. One method for using three-phase equipment on a single-phase supply is with a rotary
phase converter, essentially a three-phase motor with special starting arrangements and
power factor correction that produces_______.
A. A single-phase supply
D. The static converter
B. Rectifier-type loads
E. Either DC or single-phase AC
C. Balanced three-phase voltages F. None of the Above
201. When properly designed, these rotary converters can allow satisfactory operation of
_____________ such as machine tools on a single-phase supply. In such a device, the energy
storage is performed by the mechanical inertia (flywheel effect) of the rotating components. An
external flywheel is sometimes found on one or both ends of the shaft.
A. Many three-phase devices
D. Three-phase equipment
B. A three-phase generator
E. Many three-phase devices
C. A static phase converter
F. None of the Above
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202. A second method that was popular in the 1940s and 1950s was the transformer method.
At that time, ___________________were more expensive than transformers, so an
autotransformer was used to apply more power through fewer capacitors. This method
performs well and does have supporters, even today. The usage of the name transformer
method separated it from another common method, the static converter, as both methods have
no moving parts, which separates them from the rotary converters.
A. A single-phase supply
D. The static converter
B. Rectifier-type loads
E. Either DC or single-phase AC
C. Subphase
F. None of the Above
203. Another method often attempted is with a device referred to as _________________.
This method of running three-phase equipment is commonly attempted with motor loads
though it only supplies power and can cause the motor loads to run hot and in some cases
overheat.
A. Many three-phase devices
D. A third "subphase"
B. A three-phase generator
E. Many three-phase devices
C. A static phase converter
F. None of the Above
204. This method does not work when sensitive circuitry is involved such as CNC devices or
in induction and____________________.
A. A single-phase supply
D. The static converter
B. Rectifier-type loads
E. Either DC or single-phase AC
C. Subphase
F. None of the Above
205. A three-phase generator can be driven by a______________. This motor-generator
combination can provide a frequency changer function as well as phase conversion, but
requires two machines with all their expense and losses.
A. Many three-phase devices
D. A third "subphase"
B. Three-phase generator
E. Single-phase motor
C. Static phase converter
F. None of the Above
206. ________________can also form an uninterruptable power supply when used in
conjunction with a large flywheel and a standby generator set.
A. A single-phase supply
D. The static converter
B. Rectifier-type loads
E. The motor-generator method
C. Subphase
F. None of the Above
207.
Some devices are made which create an imitation three-phase from
_____________supplies. This is done by creating a third "subphase" between the two live
conductors, resulting in a phase separation of 180° - 90° = 90°.
A. Three-wire single-phase D. A third "subphase"
B. A three-phase generator E. Many three-phase devices
C. A static phase converter F. None of the Above
208. ______________ can run on this configuration but at lower efficiency.
A. Many three-phase devices
D. A third "subphase"
B. A three-phase generator
E. Many single phase devices
C. A static phase converter
F. None of the Above
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209. Variable-frequency drives (also known as solid-state inverters) are used to provide
precise speed and torque control of three-phase motors. Some models can be powered by
____________.
A. A single-phase supply
D. The static converter
B. Rectifier-type loads
E. Either DC or single-phase AC
C. Subphase
F. None of the Above
210. _______________work by converting the supply voltage to DC and then converting the
DC to a suitable three-phase source for the motor.
A. Many three-phase devices
D. A third "subphase"
B. A three-phase generator
E. Many three-phase devices
C. VFDs
F. None of the Above
211. ______________are designed for fixed-frequency operation from a single-phase source.
Similar to a variable-frequency drive, they use a microprocessor to control solid-state power
switching components to maintain balanced three-phase voltages.
A. A single-phase supply
D. The static converter
B. Rectifier-type loads
E. Either DC or single-phase AC
C. Digital phase converters
F. None of the Above
Alternatives to Three-Phase
212. ________________is used when three-phase power is not available and allows double
the normal utilization voltage to be supplied for high-power loads.
A. Two-phase
D. Three-phase power
B. Split-phase electric power
E. Electromagnetic Induction
C. Direct current
F. None of the Above
213. Two-phase electric power, like three-phase, gives constant power transfer to a linear
load. For loads that connect each phase to neutral, assuming the load is the same power
draw, the two-wire system has a neutral current which is greater than neutral current
in___________.
A. A circuit
D. Electromagnet Induction
B. A three-phase system
E. Direct current
C. Voltage
F. None of the Above
214. Also motors are not entirely linear, which means that despite the theory, motors running
on three-phase tend to run smoother than those on ___________.
A. Two-phase
D. Three-phase power
B. Polarity
E. Electromagnetic Induction
C. Direct current
F. None of the Above
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215. _____________for power transmission have been built and tested. Such transmission
lines use six (two-pole, three-phase) or twelve (two-pole, six-phase) lines and employ design
practices characteristic of extra-high-voltage transmission lines. High-phase-order
transmission lines may allow transfer of more power through a given transmission line right-ofway without the expense of a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) converter at each end of the
line.
A. A circuit
D. Electromagnet Induction
B. High-phase-order systems
E. Direct current
C. Voltage
F. None of the Above
Direct Current versus Alternation Current
216. Direct current flows in one direction only. On a graph or an oscilloscope screen it always
appears on one side of the zero axis, because________________.
A. Two-phase
D. Its polarity does not change
B. Polarity
E. Electromagnetic Induction
C. Direct current
F. None of the Above
217. Direct current which does not change in magnitude (or current level) is called steady DC.
Batteries produce steady______________.
A. DC
D. Electromagnet Induction
B. AC
E. Directional current
C. Voltage
F. None of the Above
218. ______________does change in magnitude. But it also always appears on the same
side of the zero axis on an oscilloscope, because its polarity is constant.
A. Pulsating DC
D. Three-phase power
B. Polarity
E. Electromagnetic Induction
C. Direct current
F. None of the Above
219. Alternating current changes in both magnitude and direction. On an oscilloscope the
voltage and current appear on both sides of the zero axis, as _____________alternates and
the current changes direction.
A. A circuit D. The polarity of the voltage
B. AC
E. Direct current
C. Voltage
F. None of the Above
220. This cycle of increase, decrease and reversal occurs on __________basis.
A. Two-phase
D. Three-phase power
B. Polarity
E. Electromagnetic Induction
C. Direct current
F. None of the Above
Electromagnet Induction
221. Alternating current is generated through an electrical effect called ______________.
Electromagnetic Induction is the ability of a magnetic field to generate a voltage or current in a
conductor without physical contact.
A. Two-phase
D. Three-phase power
B. Polarity
E. Electromagnetic Induction
C. Direct current
F. None of the Above
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222. When the conductor becomes part of a circuit, ____________flows in the circuit.
A. Current
D. Electromagnet Induction
B. AC
E. Direct current
C. Voltage
F. None of the Above
223. Generators convert rotational motion into____________. As the coils are turned through
a rotational magnetic, voltage is generated.
A. Two-phase
D. Three-phase power
B. Current flow
E. Electromagnetic Induction
C. Direct current
F. None of the Above
224. AC motors also depend upon electromagnetic induction. They convert _________into
rotational motion.
A. Current flow
D. Electromagnet Induction
B. AC
E. Direct current
C. Voltage
F. None of the Above
225. The conductor and the _____________are not physically connected, yet a voltage is
induced in the conductor when the conductor moves through the magnetic field, or when the
magnetic field moves through the conductor.
A. Magnetic field
D. Three-phase power
B. Polarity
E. Electromagnetic Induction
C. Direct current
F. None of the Above
Sine Wave for AC
226. Alternating voltage and current generated by rotary motion take the form of a sine wave.
It is the most common form of alternating current and voltage. As the conductor turns through
the magnetic field, it cuts through the magnetic lines of force at a varying rate. As a result,
__________varies in a regular, repetitive pattern.
A. Each cycle
D. Voltage or current EMP
B. Voltage
E. Positive current and voltage
C. AC
F. None of the Above
Sine waves are measured and compared by certain features.
227. The AMPLITUDE of the sine wave tells you the maximum value of current or________; it
can be either positive or negative.
A. Sine wave
D. Voltage
B. Amplitude
E. AC
C. A horizontal line F. None of the Above
228. A CYCLE is one complete repetition of the wave form. It is produced by one complete
revolution-360 O -of the conductor through the ____________. In each cycle, there are two
reversals and two maximums.
A. Each cycle
D. Voltage or current
B. Magnetic field
E. Positive current and voltage
C. AC
F. None of the Above
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229. The ___________ peaks in the positive direction at 90O, crosses the zero axis at 180O,
peaks in the negative direction at 270O, then reaches zero again at 360O .
A. Sine wave
D. Maximum value of current or voltage
B. Amplitude
E. AC
C. A horizontal line F. None of the Above
230. FREQUENCY is the number of cycles per second. The higher the number of cycles per
second, the higher the frequency. The higher the frequency the less amount of time for one
cycle. __________is generated at 60 cycles or 50 cycles per second.
A. Each cycle
D. Voltage or current
B. Magnetic field
E. Positive current and voltage
C. Most AC
F. None of the Above
231. Note: Amplitude and frequency are independent. Two waves can have the same
amplitude and frequency, the same amplitude but different frequency, different amplitude but
the same frequency, and different amplitude and different_______________.
A. Sine wave
D. Maximum value of current or voltage
B. Amplitude
E. Frequency
C. Horizontal line
F. None of the Above
232. _____________ is the term used for cycles per (second. 60 Hertz = 60 cycles per
second.
A. Each cycle
D. Voltage or current
B. Magnetic field
E. Positive current and voltage
C. AC
F. None of the Above
233. PEAK to PEAK voltage is the voltage measured between the maximum positive and
maximum negative points on the sine wave. It is twice the ______________.
A. Sine wave
D. Maximum value of current or voltage
B. Amplitude
E. AC
C. A horizontal line F. None of the Above
234. RMS (root mean square) voltage or current is a standard means of measuring
__________or voltage. RMS = .707 X peak value (the amplitude of the sine wave).
A. Each cycle
D. Voltage or current
B. Magnetic field
E. Positive current and voltage
C. Alternating current F. None of the Above
235. A horizontal line through the center of the ___________ is the ZERO AXIS. All values
above the zero axis are POSITIVE values; all values below the zero axis are NEGATIVE
values.
A. Sine wave
D. Maximum value of current or voltage
B. Amplitude
E. AC
C. A horizontal line F. None of the Above
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236. NEGATIVE current and voltage do just as much work as positive voltage and current.
The only difference is that the polarity of the voltage is opposite and current flow is in the
opposite direction. They produce exactly the same amount of power as _______________.
A. Each cycle
D. Voltage or current
B. Magnetic field
E. Positive current and voltage
C. AC
F. None of the Above
Transformers
237. Make _______________and distribution possible. Transform values of voltage and
current.
A. Sine wave
D. Maximum value of current or voltage
B. Amplitude
E. AC power transmission
C. A horizontal line F. None of the Above
238. Operate on the principle of _____________.
A. Transformers
D. Electromagnetic induction
B. Secondary coil
E. One voltage from another
C. Primary winding
F. None of the Above
239. Usually transfer _____________ from one circuit to another.
A. AC voltages
D. Expanding magnetic field
B. DC
E. Secondary voltage
C. A common winding
F. None of the Above
240. ___________are designed either to step voltage up or to step it down, although some
are used only to isolate one voltage from another.
A. Most transformers D. Frequencies
B. Secondary coils
E. Expanding magnetic fields
C. Primary windings F. None of the Above
241. Transformers work because electric current generates a magnetic field around its
conductor. If the current flow is steady, as in ________________, the magnetic field is
constant. But in AC, as the current changes direction the magnetic field keeps expanding and
collapsing.
A. AC voltages
D. Expanding magnetic field frequencies
B. DC
E. Secondary voltage
C. A common winding
F. None of the Above
242. _______________ consist of a primary winding or coil connected to the source circuit
and a secondary winding connected to the load circuit.
A. Transformers
D. Electromagnetic induction
B. Secondary coils
E. Frequencies
C. Primary windings F. None of the Above
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243. When __________ flows through the primary, its collapsing and expanding magnetic
field induces a voltage and current in the secondary as the lines of force keep cutting through
the secondary coil windings.
A. AC
D. Expanding magnetic fields
B. DC
E. Secondary voltage
C. A common winding
F. None of the Above
244. Each turn of wire in the, primary coil has an equal share at the primary voltage across it.
The same ______________is induced in each turn of the secondary coil.
A. Transformer
D. Electromagnetic induction
B. Voltage
E. Frequency
C. Primary winding
F. None of the Above
245. So if each turn in the ____________has 4 volts across it, each turn in the secondary will
also have 4 volts across it.
A. Transformer
D. Secondary voltage
B. Secondary coil
E. Primary coil
C. Primary winding
F. None of the Above
Step-Down Transformers
246. If there are fewer turns in the secondary, the ______________ will be lower than the
primary.
A. Transformer
D. Secondary voltage
B. Secondary coil
E. Primary coil
C. Primary winding
F. None of the Above
Step-Up Transformers
247. If there are more turns in the secondary coil than in the __________, voltage will be
higher on the secondary circuit.
A. Transformer
D. Secondary voltage
B. Secondary coil
E. Primary coil
C. Primary
F. None of the Above
Autotransformers
248. Most transformers have primary and secondary coils which are insulated from each
other. In Autotransformers, however, the primary and secondary share ______________.
A. AC voltages
D. Expanding magnetic field
B. DC
E. Secondary voltage
C. A common winding
F. None of the Above
249. The part of the winding connected to the source is the ____________.
A. Transformer
D. Secondary voltage
B. Secondary coil
E. Primary coil
C. Primary winding F. None of the Above
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250. The part of the winding connected to the load is the______________.
A. Secondary winding
D. Secondary voltage
B. Secondary coil
E. Primary coil
C. Primary winding
F. None of the Above
251. The ______________can be tapped at any point to form either the primary or the
secondary portion of the winding.
A. Transformer
D. Winding
B. Secondary coil
E. Primary coil
C. Primary winding F. None of the Above
252. The location of the tap determines the number of turns in the____________.
A. Transformer
D. Primary or secondary windings
B. Secondary coil
E. Primary coil
C. Primary winding F. None of the Above
Line Loss
253. Transformers are essential for transmitting power efficiently. Whenever power is sent
over transmission lines, the resistance of the lines results in power lost in______________.
A. Edison system
D. The form of resistance
B. The form of heat E. A 120/240 volt system
C. Second load
F. None of the Above
254. Line losses can be reduced tremendously by lowering current. At the generating station
step-up transformers are used to raise voltage to extremely high levels, sometimes more than
100,000 volts. ____________becomes low, and line losses are held to a minimum.
A. Hot wires D. The form of 3-phase AC
B. Voltage
E. Three-phase electricity
C. Current
F. None of the Above
255. At substations and service drops, step-down transformers reverse the process, lowering
the ______________ back to usable levels.
A. Hot wires D. The form of 3-phase AC
B. Voltage
E. Three-phase electricity
C. Current
F. None of the Above
3-Phase Power
256. _____________is distributed in the form of 3-phase AC. Basically, instead of just one coil
turning in a generator, there are three coils, spaced 120 degrees apart.
A. Most power
D. The form of 3-phase AC
B. Voltage
E. Three-phase electricity
C. Current
F. None of the Above
257. As the coils turn through the magnetic field, power is sent out on___________. Three
current and voltage sine waves are generated, 120 degrees out of phase with each other.
Each sine wave represents the current or voltage on one of the phases.
A. Three lines
D. Each sine wave
B. The form of heat
E. A 120/240 volt system
C. Second load
F. None of the Above
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258. Three-phase electricity powers large industrial loads more efficiently than single phase
electricity. When- ________________is needed, it is available between any two phases, or, in
some systems, between one of the phases and ground.
A. Single-phase electricity D. The form of 3-phase AC
B. Voltage
E. Three-phase electricity
C. Current
F. None of the Above
The Edison System
259. Most single-phase AC is supplied from a 3-wire EDISON SYSTEM. There are two hot
conductors, and one grounded neutral conductor. In a 120/240 volt system, the __________
between each hot wire and neutral is 120 volts.
A. Second load
D. The form of 3-phase AC
B. Voltage
E. Three-phase electricity
C. Current
F. None of the Above
260. _____________ between the two hot wires is 240 volts. In a 240/480 volt system,
available voltages are 240 volts and 480 volts.
A. Second load
D. The form of 3-phase AC
B. Voltage
E. Three-phase electricity
C. Current
F. None of the Above
261. A main advantage of the ___________ is that full line-to-line voltage is available for large
power consuming appliances and equipment, but voltage to ground is only half line-to-line
voltage. The lower the voltage to ground in any electrical system, the less likely are shorts,
fires, and shocks.
A. Edison system
D. Form of 3-phase AC
B. The form of heat
E. A 120/240 volt system
C. Second load
F. None of the Above
Balanced and Unbalanced Loads on the Edison System
262. When loads are balanced, that is, when they have the same____________, the same
current flows in each hot wire. But at any instant the currents in the hot wires are flowing in the
opposite direction. So the current that flows through one load continues on through the other,
and no current flows in the neutral.
A. Hot wires D. Resistance
B. Voltage
E. Three-phase electricity
C. Current
F. None of the Above
263. When loads are not balanced-the _____________ of one is greater than the othercurrent flows in the neutral. The neutral carries the difference between the current in the first
load and the current in the second load.
A. Hot wires D. Resistance
B. Voltage
E. Three-phase electricity
C. Current
F. None of the Above
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System Groundling
264. Most electrical supply systems, ______________, are grounded at some point as a
safety measure. "Grounding” or “Earthing” means connecting something with an electrical
conductor to the earth.
A. Hot conductors
D. An electrical conductor to the earth
B. Both AC and DC
E. Grounding wire(s)
C. Load current
F. None of the Above
265. All conductors or metal parts-conduit, ground busses, equipment enclosures, junction
boxes, machine frames-which are connected to ground at some point have _____________ on
them with respect to ground. There is no possibility of current flowing between them and
anything that touches them. They cannot provide shocks.
A. Grounded conductors
D. Ground connection
B. 3-wire Edison system
E. Zero voltage
C. Grounding Wire
F. None of the Above
266. In grounded systems, insulation faults or shorts to ground on ________ will carry high
current and blow fuses or trip breakers. This is how the system is supposed to work.
A. Hot conductors
D. An electrical conductor to the earth
B. No resistance
E. Grounding wire(s)
C. Load current
F. None of the Above
267. If the ground connection is broken, however, ____________or short to ground on a hot
conductor may not open a fuse or breaker, or affect system operation at all.
A. Grounded conductors
D. Ground connection
B. An insulation fault
E. Zero voltage
C. Grounding Wire
F. None of the Above
268. But ____________________on all conductors and parts that are supposed to be
grounded wiII rise to full system voltage-a very dangerous situation! In effect, the short to
ground on the hot conductors has grounded the system there, and reversed the hot and the
supposedly grounded parts of it. So it is important that all conductors and parts which are
supposed to be grounded are in fact connected to ground through no resistance.
A. Hot conductors
D. An electrical conductor to the earth
B. No resistance
E. Voltage
C. Load current
F. None of the Above
269. It is also important to recognize the difference between a ___________and a Grounding
Wire.
A. Grounded conductor
D. Ground connection
B. 3-wire Edison system ground
E. Zero voltage jumper
C. Grounding Wire fault
F. None of the Above
270. A _______________ is any conductor that is grounded at the source and carries load
current.
A. Grounded conductor
D. Ground connection
B. 3-wire Edison system ground
E. Zero voltage jumper
C. Grounding Wire fault
F. None of the Above
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271. For example, the neutral in a 3-wire Edison system is a ____________, because it is
normally expected to carry load current whenever the loads are unbalanced. It should not
normally be used to ground parts or equipment.
A. Grounded conductor
D. Ground connection
B. Fault
E. Zero voltage jumper
C. Grounding Wire fault
F. None of the Above
272. If _______________developed in its connections, anything connected to ground by it
would have voltage on it.
A. Hot conductors
D. Resistance
B. No resistance
E. Grounding wire(s)
C. Load current
F. None of the Above
273. _______________ are usually insulated, since there is the possibility of voltage on them
in case of a bad connection.
A. Grounded conductors
D. Ground connection
B. Fault
E. Zero voltage jumper
C. Grounding Wire fault
F. None of the Above
274. A Grounding Wire, on the other hand, connects non-current-carrying metal parts of
equipment to ground. It will have current in it only when a fault occurs, and then only briefly
until a fuse blows or breaker trips. It is not usually sized to carry full load current. Do not
connect loads between a hot conductor and a grounding wire. Grounding wires
are______________.
A. Hot conductors
D. An electrical conductor to the earth
B. Grounded conductors
E. Permanent
C. Often uninsulated
F. None of the Above
275. Often, metal parts are grounded through the conduit, cable trays, busways, or metal
frames of equipment, and there may be no separate equipment grounding wire. The
connection to ground is often at a water pipe, or steel building frame. Some installations
include a grounding rod driven in to the earth. Neither a grounding _wire nor a grounded
conductor must ever be fused, switched, or broken in any way. The connection to ground must
be secure and_________________.
A. Hot conductors
D. An electrical conductor to the earth
B. Grounded conductors
E. Permanent
C. Often uninsulated
F. None of the Above
Powering Single-Phase Loads from 3-Phase Systems
276. Any 3-phase system has single-phase voltage between the powerlines that can be used
to power single-phase loads at line-to-line voltage, or at some other voltage if a
________________is used.
A. Three-phase transformer D. Single-phase loads
B. 3-wire Edison system
E. Single-phase transformer
C. Grounding Wire
F. None of the Above
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Four-Wire Wye
277. If a grounded neutral conductor is connected to a wye junction, the system is called a
four-wire wye. _________________ can be connected between any powerline and the
grounded neutral. The voltage available is line-to-line voltage divided by 1.73.
A. Three-phase transformer D. Single-phase loads
B. 3-wire Edison system
E. Single-phase transformer
C. Grounding Wire
F. None of the Above
Four-Wire Delta
278. A four-wire delta system has a grounded neutral conductor connected to a center tap on
one________________.
A. Grounded neutral
D. Jumper
B. Terminals or leads
E. Single-phase loads
C. Secondary winding
F. None of the Above
279. _______________equal to half of the line-to-line voltage is available between the
powerline on either end of that winding and the grounded neutral.
A. Grounded neutral
D. Single-phase voltage
B. Terminals or leads
E. Single-phase loads
C. Secondary winding
F. None of the Above
280. The _______________between the other phase conductor and the grounded neutral will
be considerably higher than half line-to-line voltage. This 'high leg' or 'bastard voltage' is not
normally used to power single-phase loads.
A. Phase
D. Jumper
B. Terminals or leads E. Voltage
C. Polarity
F. None of the Above
281. Single-phase loads powered by a _____________should be balanced between the lines
as much as possible. In other words, the loads should be arranged so that the current in the 3phase conductors is as nearly equal as possible.
A. Single-phase power
D. Three-phase system
B. Single-phase voltage
E. Single-phase loads
C. Polarity
F. None of the Above
282. Current in the neutral will be zero if _____________ connected between the phase lines
and a grounded neutral are perfectly balanced.
A. Single-phase power
D. Three-phase system
B. Single-phase voltage
E. Single-phase loads
C. Polarity
F. None of the Above
Connecting Loads
283. Most lights require ____________. There are usually just two supply terminals or leads.
One, usually black, is designated for the hot conductor and the other, white or grey for
grounded neutral.
A. Single-phase power
D. Three-phase system
B. Single-phase voltage
E. Single-phase loads
C. Polarity
F. None of the Above
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284. Industrial heaters, ovens, and dryers, may require single or three-phase power.
Connection is usually simple, although dual voltage devices may need jumpers added or
removed. There are no phase sequence or_________________.
A. Phase-to-ground voltage(s)
D. Single-phase voltage
B. Current in the neutral
E. One conductor will be grounded
C. Single-phase power
F. None of the Above
285. Many small, single speed, single-phase motors can operate on either 115 or 230 volts by
connecting different terminals, or by adding or removing a ______________.
A. Phase
D. Jumper
B. Terminal or lead E. Single-phase load
C. Polarity
F. None of the Above
286. If there is a choice of which voltage to use, connect the motor for 230 volts; it will draw
only half as much current at the__________, and line losses will be less.
A. Higher voltage
D. Single-phase voltage
B. Current in the neutral
E. One conductor will be grounded
C. Single-phase power
F. None of the Above
287. Both conductors to the motor will be hot. ________ usually makes no difference; the
motor will run equally well and in the same direction with the leads reversed.
A. Phase
D. Jumper
B. Terminals or leads E. Single-phase loads
C. Polarity
F. None of the Above
288. If connected for 115 volts, one conductor will be grounded. ___________may be
designated for the grounded conductor because of the way the motor is insulated.
A. Phase-to-ground voltage(s)
D. One of the leads or terminals
B. Current in the neutral
E. One conductor will be grounded
C. Single-phase power
F. None of the Above
289. ____________motors may have six or more terminals or leads. A schematic of the motor
windings and a diagram of the lead or terminal connections is essential for correct wiring.
A. Single-phase power
D. Three-phase
B. Single-phase voltage
E. Single-phase loads
C. Multiple speed single-phase
F. None of the Above
290. ____________ motors must have three properly sequenced voltages of the correct
polarity.
A. Single-phase power
D. Three-phase
B. Single-phase voltage
E. Single-phase
C. Multiple speed single-phase
F. None of the Above
291. Most common ______________ induction motors are dual voltage units. Each of the
three windings is divided, so that there is a pair of windings for each phase. The windings may
be connected internally for either wye or delta. In both cases there are nine terminals or leads.
A. Single-phase power
D. Three-phase
B. Single-phase voltage
E. Single-phase
C. Multiple speed single-phase
F. None of the Above
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Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016
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Series Circuit
292. In a series circuit, the components are connected end-to-end, so that all the electrons
that leave the source in a current pass through all the components, one after the other, before
returning to the source. The same current, in _____________, flows through all the loads.
A. Ohm's Law
D. Ampere(s)
B. Not affected
E. Resistance(s)
C. The current
F. None of the Above
293. If the current is interrupted anywhere in the circuit (an "open circuit"), no current will flow
anywhere. This is what happens when a switch is opened, or when one of the loads burns out;
all the loads will stop working, since there is no way for the _______________ to complete the
circuit back to the source.
A. Ohms
D. Ampere(s)
B. Volts
E. Resistance(s)
C. Current
F. None of the Above
294. The circuit current depends, according to Ohm's Law, on the source voltage and the
resistance of the circuit. The resistance of a series circuit is the sum of the ____________ of
all the loads.
A. Ohms
D. Ampere(s)
B. Volts
E. Resistance
C. Current
F. None of the Above
Parallel Circuits
Loads are normally arranged in parallel with each other:
295. _____________can operate and be controlled individually. If one load burns out the
others are not affected.
A. Ohms
D. Ampere(s)
B. Loads
E. Resistance(s)
C. The current
F. None of the Above
296. The voltage across each load is source voltage, so each load receives the voltage it
requires.The current in each branch is determined by the resistance of the load in that
particular branch, so loads of different _____________ratings may be used in the circuit.
A. Ohms
D. Ampere(s)
B. Volts
E. Amperage
C. Current
F. None of the Above
Equivalent Circuits
297. Frequently, complex circuits include components in both series and parallel. To figure
fuse or conductor size, it is often necessary to find the total ________. Usually, the easiest
way to do this is to reduce the circuit to a single, equivalent load, and calculate the current in it.
The procedure involves several steps:
A. Ohms
D. Ampere(s)
B. Volts
E. Amperage
C. Current
F. None of the Above
52
Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016
TLC (866) 557-1746
298. First, replace any two components that are connected in series with a single component
having a resistance equal to the ______________. In other words, if you find two components
joined together in series, and nothing else is connected to their junction, add their resistances
and replace them with a single equivalent component.
A. Sum of their conductances
D. Sum of their resistances
B. All the loads
E. Voltage it requires
C. All component combinations
F. None of the Above
299. Second, replace any two components that are connected in parallel with a single
component having a conductance equal to the _____________. You will need to convert the
equivalent conductance back into a resistance before adding it to the resistance of another
component in series.
A. Sum of their conductances
D. Sum of their resistances
B. All the loads
E. Voltage it requires
C. All component combinations
F. None of the Above
300. Repeat this procedure as often as necessary until _____________ have been replaced
with one equivalent.
A. The current
D. Sum of the total
B. All the loads
E. The voltage it requires
C. All component combinations
F. None of the Above
You are finished with the assignment. Please fax or email the registration page
and answer key to us and call us a few hours later to ensure we received it.
53
Basic Electricity Assignment 9/1/2016
TLC (866) 557-1746